QR Code Payment Research Articles

How Does the Need for Uniqueness Affect Facial Recognition Payment Switch Intention? A Status Quo Bias Perspective

Despite the growing research interest in facial recognition payment (FRP), the factors that influence the intention to switch to FRP have received limited attention. Grounded in status quo bias theory, this study explores predictors of users’ intention to switch from QR code payment to FRP through an online survey. The empirical findings based on 1,244 responses indicate that the need for uniqueness negatively affects embarrassment, privacy concern, and inertia and positively affects switch intention. Further, embarrassment and privacy concern are both positively related to inertia and negatively related to switch intention, and inertia significantly reduces switch intention. Through multi-group analysis, this study also finds that users with experience using services enabled by facial recognition technology are more willing to switch to FRP. This study enriches the FRP literature by highlighting the roles of inertia and the need for uniqueness and provides several implications for FRP practitioners.

Swiftcart: Revolutionizing Shopping Adventure using Image Processing and Cloud Computing with Internet of Things

Revolutionizing retail in India with Image Processing and IoT. Cameras in shopping carts detect items for a seamless checkout experience. Cloud integration ensures secure data management, while the Android app allows easy cart review and QR code payment. Say goodbye to long queues and hello to convenient shopping.

The Adoption of an Integrated QR Code Payment System of Indonesian MSME: An Extended Tam Approach

Following the outbreak of COVID-19, the Indonesian government is promoting the use of QR codes, especially for electronic payments through QRIS. This study addresses the gap in previous research by incorporating the role of individual differences, specifically self-efficacy, in predicting user behavior. This study aims to identify factors influencing the adoption of QR codes by MSMEs, quantify the influence of these factors, develop a conceptual model that extends the Technology Acceptance Theory, and provide practical recommendations to increase the adoption of QR Code payment technology among Indonesian MSMEs. To better understand QRIS adoption, this study utilized an online survey to collect data from 467 micro businesses in Jakarta that adopted QRIS. Our findings from SEM-PLS show that self-efficacy does not mediate between intention to use and QRIS adoption. However, self-efficacy positively influences QRIS adoption. In addition, this study found that trust positively influences attitude towards use and attitude towards use influences intention to use QRIS.

QR code payment in Thailand 4.0 era: expand the understanding of perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 in the TAM theory

QR code payment in Thailand 4.0 era: expand the understanding of perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 in the TAM theory

Phân tích các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến ý định sử dụng dịch vụ thanh toán qua mã QR của sinh viên Hà Nội

The purpose of research is analyzing the factors affecting the intention to use QR code payment services of Hanoi students. Survey results on 523 students studying and living in Hanoi in the period from December 2022 to March 2023, the hypotheses tested by the SEM model show that Trust has a positive effect on Intention to Use, while the Social Influence, Cash Habit, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Risk have a positive effect on Trust. From that, suggestions have been made to promote the intention to use payment services via QR codes of Hanoi students in particular and the people in general.

The direct and indirect impacts of factors on the use of QR code payment during the Covid-19 pandemic: Empirical research in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The direct and indirect impacts of factors on the use of QR code payment during the Covid-19 pandemic: Empirical research in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The Role of Innovation Resistance and Technology Readiness in the Adoption of QR Code Payments Among Digital Natives: A Serial Moderated Mediation Model

Recent literature on the QR code payment system has called for further research on the adoption of QR codes as a payment tool among digital natives. In response to this call, this study investigates the influence of perceived value on digital natives' attitudes and trust in fostering their intention to adopt QR code payments through the integration of prospect theory and perceived value theory. Following a purposive sampling technique, a quantitative approach was employed and PLS-SEM was performed to evaluate the study hypotheses. A structured questionnaire was used to collect survey data from 387 digital natives. Findings showed that digital natives' behavioural intention to adopt QR code payments was positively influenced by perceived value and trust but not by attitude. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that attitude and trust serially mediated the relationship between digital natives' perception of value and their propensity to accept QR code payments. Nevertheless, this study also highlighted the moderating effects of technology readiness and innovation resistance and showed how they strengthen and weaken the relationships amongst perceived value, attitude, trust, and behavioural intention. The study offers valuable insights for marketing managers and policy makers in understanding digital natives' perceptions towards adopting QR codes with regard to making payments and advances the theoretical depth by contributing to the literature related to the adoption of QR codes while making payments.

Predicting the Number of Passengers of MRT Jakarta Based on the Use of the QR-Code Payment Method during the Covid-19 Pandemic Using Long Short-Term Memory

The trend of using public transportation has been rising over the last several decades. Because of increased mobility, public transportation has now become more crucial. In modern environments, public transportation is not only used to carry people and products from one location to another but has also evolved into a service company. In Jakarta, Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (MRTJ) started to operate in late 2019. Recently, they updated their payment gateway system with QR codes. In this study, we predicted the hourly influx of passengers who used QR codes as their preferred payment method. This research applied machine learning to perform a prediction methodology, which is proposed to predict the number of passengers using time-series analysis. The dataset contained 7760 instances across different hours and days in June 2020 and was reshaped to display the total number of passengers each hour. Next, we incorporated time-series regression alongside LSTM frameworks with variations in architecture. One architecture, the 1D CNN-LSTM, yielded a promising prediction error of only one to two passengers for every hour.

Factors Influencing Behavioural Intention to Adopt the QR-Code Payment

This study aims to identify the factors which affect the consumers’ behavioural intention to adopt the Quick response code (QR-code) mobile payment. This study extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) with the personal innovativeness construct. This study reveals that performance expectancy, social influence, habit, price value, and personal innovativeness in information technology are significantly related to behavioural intention to adopt QR-code mobile payment. However, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation are found to be statistically insignificant. This study presents one of the few empirical works investigating the role of consumer innovativeness and thus validates the inclusion of personal innovativeness as constructed in mobile payment adoption research. Findings from this study provide valuable insights for mobile payment application developers and mobile payment marketing teams.

Investigating Customer Behavior of Using Contactless Payment in China: A Comparative Study of Facial Recognition Payment and Mobile QR-Code Payment

Emerging technologies have made tremendous changes in people’s daily lives, and they have profoundly influenced their economic and consumption activities. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has also drastically increased individuals’ usage of contactless payment technologies, such as mobile and facial recognition payments, which has accelerated the transformation of digital transaction services in China. In this study, the findings show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and service security can affect the perceived value and user satisfaction of using contactless payment. Moreover, a higher perceived value and satisfaction level may encourage more post-adoption behaviors, such as continuous and habitual usage of contactless payment methods or encouraging others to use contactless payment methods via word-of-mouth; however, perceived value did not have a direct effect on continuous usage. In addition, there are certain differences in user behavior depending on whether facial recognition payment or mobile QR-code payment is used. For QR-code payment users, overall, their satisfaction and post-adoption behaviors are more strongly bonded with each other compared with the behaviors of facial recognition payment users. This study has generated more information and insight into the transformation of digital payment and can help managers align their strategies more efficiently in the post-pandemic era.

Customer intention to adopt QR code for payment: empirical research in HCM city, Vietnam

The goal of this paper is to identify the key factors that directly and indirectly influence customers' willingness to accept QR code payments. The proposed model was a hybrid of the TAM and UTAUT models. We surveyed citizens who have had relevant knowledge about QR code payment (potential customers) and are currently living and working in Ho Chi Minh City, with the official sample size being 505. By applying the exploratory factor analysis EFA, confirmatory factor analysis CFA, structural equation modeling SEM, we found that All hypotheses were accepted, as a result, factors impacting positively attitude towards adopting the QR code payment are organized from high to low: facilitating conditions, security, trust, perceived ease to use, and perceived usefulness. Moreover, customers’ intention to adopt the QR code payment was positively influenced by 2 factors are organized from high to low: personal innovativeness and attitude towards adopting the QR code payment. Finally, we also showed some managerial implications to help providers of the QR code payment increase customer’s intention to adopt the QR code payment.

The Social Selection of the Third Party Payment Technology in China on the Social Shaping of Technology Perspective

Compared with QR code payment technology, NFC near-field payment has more advantages of safety and easy using than before; however, QR code payment technology had become the mainstream payment method in China mobile payment market. In this regard, the traditional technological determinism is difficult to fully explain the phenomenon. But, the social shaping theory (SST) could provide a new thinking to expound the historical queries. Based on the research perspective of SST, this paper takes Alipay's QR code payment technology as a case study, analyzed the impact of various social factors on the diffusion of QR code payment technology and explored the strategy of technology commercialization.

The diffusion of mobile QR-code payment: an empirical evaluation for a pandemic

PurposeThe research purpose is to explore the diffusion of mobile QR-code payment (MQP) in a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) context by formulating a behavioral response model based on an integration between protection motivation theory (PMT) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). This study also investigates the importance of physical distancing norm for behavioral intention toward MQP.Design/methodology/approachA web-based survey was designed and data were accumulated from 411 validated respondents who have used MQP or tend to utilize it in Vietnam. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS to verify the hypotheses.FindingsResults illustrated that behavioral intention is motivated by key antecedents of PMT (including perceived severity, perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy) and important factors of UTAUT (including performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence), and physical distancing norm. Moreover, perceived severity promotes performance expectancy, whereas self-efficacy boosts effort expectancy in MQP. Lastly, behavioral intention and recommendation were indicators of the diffusion of MQP under COVID-19.Practical implicationsMQP is just in its infant stage in Vietnam; thus, the findings provide managerial implications, which will aid service providers and firms to adopt marketing strategies that enhance consumers' acceptability and recommendation of MQP to the public.Originality/valueLittle is empirically considered the effects of perceived threat-related factors in PMT and physical distancing norm on behavioral intention toward MQP in a salient pandemic setting. Furthermore, the antecedents in UTAUT contribute greatly to behavioral intention. This study enlightens the diffusion of MQP based on behavioral intention and recommendation.

Factors Influencing Behavioural Intention to Adopt the QR-Code Payment

This study aims to identify the factors which affect the consumers’ behavioural intention to adopt the Quick response code (QR-code) mobile payment. This study extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) with the personal innovativeness construct. This study reveals that performance expectancy, social influence, habit, price value, and personal innovativeness in information technology are significantly related to behavioural intention to adopt QR-code mobile payment. However, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation are found to be statistically insignificant. This study presents one of the few empirical works investigating the role of consumer innovativeness and thus validates the inclusion of personal innovativeness as constructed in mobile payment adoption research. Findings from this study provide valuable insights for mobile payment application developers and mobile payment marketing teams.

Technology Acceptance of QR Code Payment and Its Effective Advertisement Media for Multi-Channel Customers

Cash settlement accounts for 80% of entire transaction in Japan. Japanese government has announced the “Payment Reform Declaration,” by setting “the Cashless Vision” with a target of 40% cashless payment ratio by 2025 and aims to achieve the world's highest level of cashless payment ratio of 80% in the future. The purpose of this study is to analyze which media has affected the consumers who use QR code payment, PayPay. This research proposes a framework based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for an effective advertisement medium by using survey data on PayPay. Structure equation analysis is conducted to measure the relationship between different advertising media and consumers’ intentions to use, as well as actual usage of PayPay.

QR Digital Payment System Adoption by Retailers

The acme of this paper was to examine the QR code payment services adoption by retailers in Pakistan. An all-inclusive review of the literature and data analysis has justified the purpose to use this inventive technology. The study established that innovation diffusion theory (IDT) dimensions and convenience impacted the usefulness of QR code payment services which are well-thought-out critical antecedents of accepting future technologies. The inferences of this research work provide valuable acumens for banks, financial institutions, and the government to develop a platform about digital payment for the retailers, wholesalers, and the end consumers. Further, the study approves that QR code payment services will aid to advance the business operations in Pakistan in the COVID-19 pandemic.

The influence of mobile QR code payment on payment pleasure: evidence from China

PurposeDrawing on self-determination theory, this paper compares the effects of QR code payment method (autonomous vs dependent payment) on payment pleasure, its mechanism and the boundary condition in the mobile payment setting.Design/methodology/approachFour studies were conducted to examine the effect of QR code payment method on payment pleasure. In study 1, 108 undergraduate students were asked to recall a recent experience when they made either autonomous payment or dependent payment. Study 2 assigned 74 undergraduate students to either the autonomous or dependent payment. Study 3 replicated study 2, but recruited 75 customers in the field. For study 4, a total of 134 undergraduate students participated in a 2 (payment method: autonomous payment vs dependent payment) × 2 (product involvement: high vs low) between-subjects design.FindingsThe results of these four studies demonstrate that (1) customers derive more payment pleasure from autonomous payment, compared with dependent payments (study 1); (2) the sense of control mediates the effect of the payment method on payment pleasure (study 2 and study 3); and (3) product involvement moderates the mediating effect of the sense of control (study 4).Originality/valueThese findings contribute to the literature on mobile payment and payment experience. These findings also provide insight to merchants when they select an appropriate payment method and manage the customer payment experience.

Implementation of Cryptographic Algorithm in Dynamic QR Code Payment System and Its Performance

QR code payment plays an indispensable role in the mobile payment market, and the security of scanning codes has always been a problem in the field of information security. Static QR codes are easily copied and replaced, and there are huge security loopholes. The QR code payment in a closed system still faces security challenges. In order to solve the security problem of QR code payment, we have studied dynamic QR code payment system that supports SM2, SM3, and SM4 cryptographic algorithms, which can realize QR code scanning and scanned transactions, UnionPay cloud QuickPass transactions, etc., and generate dynamic QR code information in real time during the transaction process, one order and one code. Through dynamic algorithm distribution, the randomness and uniqueness of QR code generation are guaranteed, and it is suitable for multi-scene application transactions. The algorithm correctness test result shows that the system has achieved the expected effect. The performance test results show that the hardware of the security module implements the algorithm flow and improves the payment performance. Compared with some other algorithms, the processing time is shorter, the running speed is faster, and the system is more secure.

The intention to use QR code payment in an emerging market – the role of “Attitude” as mediator

As one of the applications of mobile banking, payment by scanning a QR code not only reduces the risks when paying via cards but also brings about more convenience than cash payment and more safety than other forms of payment, especially in the context of the current strong and complicated Covid-19 epidemic. However, the adoption of this payment technology seems to be left open in emerging markets, especially Vietnam. Within this context, this study conducted a survey on 441 customers about their intention to use QR code payment when shopping in Vietnam market. Research results show that personal innovation, perceived security and usefulness, perceived ease of use and facilitating conditions affect the attitudes towards intention to use the QR code payment service. In particular, perceived ease of use, perceived security and usefulness are the two factors that most strongly influence the intention to accept the use of QR code payment service though attitude mediator. The results of this research can assist managers with considerations in constructing development plan for new technological products and services in such an emerging market as Vietnam

An Investigation of Behavioral Intention Towards QR Code Payment in Bangkok, Thailand

An Investigation of Behavioral Intention Towards QR Code Payment in Bangkok, Thailand