QoS Policies Research Articles

Network Services Anomalies in NFV: Survey, Taxonomy, and Verification Methods

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has emerged as a disruptive networking architecture whose galloping evolution is prompting enterprises to outsource network functions to the cloud and ultimately harvest the fruits of cloud computing, including elasticity, pay-as-you-go billing model, and on-demand services provisioning. However, many reluctant enterprises oppose the benefits of this outsourcing to their critical and pressing concerns about security, trust, and compliance. The latter anticipate possible security and QoS policy violations stemming from dishonest behaviors by cloud providers, attacks by co-resident competitors, misconfiguration by cloud administrators, or implementations flaws by NFV developers. As a result, migrating sensitive workloads to the cloud requires enterprises to first assess risks by gaining knowledge of possible network services’ anomalies and second, to build trust in the cloud by designing effective mechanisms to detect such anomalies. This survey provides scrutiny of network services anomalies that may occur in the NFV environments. We first present a taxonomy of network service anomalies and analyze their negative impacts on critical service attributes, including security and performance. Second, we compare and classify the existing anomalies’ verification mechanisms from the literature. Finally, we point out the literature gap and identify future research directions for anomalies verification in NFV.

Hardware Acceleration of Data Distribution Service (DDS) for Automotive Communication and Computing

The increasing growth in complexity of vehicles’ functionalities is driving a technological shift in the design of software architectures in the automotive industry. Traditional signal-oriented networking is being replaced by service-oriented communications enabled by a new generation of Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The growing interest for full-fledged middlewares can be supported by these powerful ECUs. However, the new capabilities come at a non-negligible cost, which conflicts with the need to design a cost-effective solution that allows for meeting aggressive budget goals in a high volume market like automotive. In this paper, we illustrate how a significant part of the functionalities of a powerful middleware like Data Distribution Service (DDS) can be effectively implemented through hardware accelerators. We show that our approach can guarantee high performance while minimizing system complexity at the software level (e.g. AUTOSAR) by shifting painful or inefficient software implementations of QoS policies directly to hardware. This, in turn, allows to build cost-effective solutions suitable for next-generation automotive systems.

LR-FHSS: Overview and Performance Analysis

Long-range frequency hopping spread spectrum (LR-FHSS) is the new physical layer designed to address extremely long-range and large-scale communication scenarios, such as satellite IoT. At its core is a fast frequency hopping technique designed to offer higher network capacity while offering the same radio link budget as LoRa. Additionally, LR-FHSS finely manages packet transmission thanks to its design principles, enabling QoS policies on a per-packet basis. Given the notorious adoption of LoRaWAN in the IoT application landscape, this article is a reference for understanding how exactly LR-FHSS works, the performance it can offer, and its limitations and research opportunities.

IIoT Based Multimodal Communication Model for Agriculture and Agro-Industries

The population would reach ten billion by 2050, and experts believe that the agricultural sector needs to boost production by 70% to satisfy the demand. Traditional farming practices rely on primitive technology that creates a yield gap with low productivity. A paradigm shift towards merging new technologies in the agriculture sector would enhance productivity, optimize cost, and encourage sustainable development. In this paper, we review the necessity for the fusion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution technological approach in the agricultural domain. We discuss the gap in supply chain management for the Industrial sector and Agricultural sector and identify the issues of vendor-specific production systems. We propose a multimodal communication model for the systematic integration of multi-vendor agricultural production systems. Our model utilizes the Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware to enable communication between heterogeneous production systems to perform farming operations in a coordinated manner. Experimental work is conducted on a small-scale hydroponic farm to evaluate the system performance in terms of throughput, latency, and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The throughput for our proposed DDS system has significantly improved with the use of the BATCH QoS policy for payload size less than 1024 bytes. However, we incur an average latency of approximately 235 microseconds for any payload size. The value of PDR is 1 for any payload size ensuring our system to be reliable. The results suggest that our model can enable interoperability between multi-vendor production systems in real-time while incurring minimum latency.

Enhanced packet routing queuing model in optical burst switching network using queue-based dynamic optical route scheduling

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) for all future optical network technology signatures. In OBS, the IP packet is known as a large explosion of data that is assembled in the input packets. The pre-assembly burst is sent to its intended location for offset time. It has shown that there are some security issues, but they do not resolve the node's ability to separate them. When they have suffered great losses to ensure that they are indispensable. If they are not safe, it may not waste resources on the optimal path.Current communication paradigms such as broadcast and multicast. Therefore, in optical networks, it is necessary to support these paradigms. Implementation of IP QoS policies does not apply to Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks. These QoS requirements include controversy, optical signal quality, reliability, and delay.This work recommends the use of shared encryption for secure message traffic on OBS networks. The information is divided into as many strands as possible, and then it transmits at different times between pair of nodes and the different paths or routes. The proposed method to analyze the three strategies likely traffic analysis and route scheduling, packet header analysis,and authentication key verification.This proposed method,Queue-Based Dynamic Optical Route Scheduling (QDORS), provides flexible and efficient integrated packet-based traffic in OBS functions and Internet-based networks. It considered exploding a valid huge amount of data plans to reduce better channel usage, higher efficiency, and blocking probability.

Configurable DDS as Uniform Middleware for Data Communication in Smart Grids

Data Distribution Service (DDS) has emerged as a potential solution for data communication challenges in smart grids. DDS is designed to support quality communication for large scale real-time systems through a wide range of QoS policies. However, a smart grid involves various types of communication applications running on different computing environments. Some environments have limited computing resources such as small memory and low performance, which makes it difficult to accommodate DDS. In this paper, we present a feature-based approach for tailoring DDS to configure lightweight DDS by selecting only the necessary features for the application in consideration of the resource constraints of its running environment. This allows DDS to serve as a uniform communication middleware across the smart grid, which is critical for interoperability. We analyze DDS in terms of features and design them using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Object Constraint Language (OCL) based on inheritance and overriding. We define a formal notion of feature composition to build DDS configurations. We implemented the approach in OpenDDS and demonstrate its application to different application environments. We also experimented the approach for the efficiency of configured DDS in terms of resource utilization. The results show that configured DDS is viable for efficient and quality data communication for applications that run on an environment with limited computing capability.

Naive echo-state-network based services awareness algorithm of software defined optical networks

As internet services newly emerge with diversity and complexity, great challenges and demands are presented to the OpenFlow controlled software defined optical networks (SDON) to achieve better match between services and SDON. With this aim, this paper proposes a naive Echo-State-Network (Naive-ESN) based services awareness algorithm of the software defined optical network, where the naive ESN model adopts the ring topology structure and generates the probability output result to determine the QoS policy of SDON. Moreover, the Naive-ESN engine is also designed in controller node of SDON to perform services awareness by obtaining service traffic features from data plan, together with some necessary extension of the OpenFlow protocol. Test results show that the proposed approach is able to improved services-oriented supporting ability of SDON.

이종 군 전달망 통합구조 및 QoS 정책 연구

이종 군 전달망 통합구조 및 QoS 정책 연구

A Multihoming ACO-MDV Routing for Maximum Power Efficiency in an IoT Environment

Internet of Things (IoT) is the recent technology emerged with new research ideas in the communication arena. With multiple sensors and actuators, it operates on limited energy for numerous applications and it requires major updates for data updating in the network. Mobility, redundancy, and bandwidth are the common factors used to measure the network performance. Data accessing using multihoming mechanism is used to enhance the network performance without any compromise in quality of service. Multi-homing is used to connect one or more devices into a heterogeneous multi-network by using IP address with a best routing strategy. Efficient routing in the multihoming mechanism develops a reliable network and provides a better power efficiency and QoS policy to the users. This proposed research work includes an efficient Ant Colony Optimization On-demand Multipath Distance Vector routing algorithm for enhancing power efficiency in multihoming mechanism based IoT. The proposed model highlights the best routing algorithm in terms of energy consumption and delay that is suitable in multihoming networks.

An experimental measurement analysis of congestion over converged fixed and mobile networks

Unified convergent networks (for fixed and mobile services) are considered to be an important step towards diversifying the set of services operators can provide for their end-users. Although there has been a huge interest to unified convergent networks among mobile network operators (MNOs) and fixed network operators, the convergence is rather slow due to different factors such as regulation, security, policies, spectrum and competitors. Moreover, each operators have different long term strategies and position themselves based on these policies in unified convergent networks. In this paper, we investigate unified fixed and mobile deployment strategy as a unified service, which is different than typical leased line approach that is frequently utilized with no unification or (convergence). We present different QoS strategies of MNOs before and after unified convergent networks and introduce characteristics, benefits and limitations of these strategies. For validation purposes of various QoS strategies, we build a real-world experimental testbed in an operator environment. Our experimental results reveal how emerging services (broadband Internet, voice, cellular) are affected in the studied QoS policies during congestion inside the unified convergent networks architecture for different MNOs.

Software Defined Network Service Chaining for OTT Service Providers in 5G Networks

The fifth generation wireless networks are expected to offer high capacity and accommodate numerous over-the-top applications, relying on users' Internet connectivity, thus involving different stakeholders, that is, network service providers and over-the-top service providers. For the efficient management of over-the-top application flows, the implementation of service functions and their interconnection in service chains, namely network service chaining, should consider the over-the-top service providers' performance goals and user management strategies. However, in current wireless network deployments, the network service providers have full control of network service chaining. Considering that user satisfaction from the offered services is a common interest for both types of stakeholders, the over-the-top service providers need to participate in network service chaining, and apply QoS and user prioritization policies to network service chain resource management, which involves users connected at different network points, in a distributed manner. In this article, we describe 5G network management architectures and propose virtualization components that enable over-the-top service-provider- oriented network service. We also outline the arising issues for over-the-top service providers in network service chaining and introduce a distributed prioritization network service chain management scheme for over-the-top application flows, based on matching theory. The evaluation results indicate the performance gains in overthe- top service providers' service levels that stem from the proposed scheme, demonstrating the benefits of introducing prioritization in network service chain deployment.

Data Distribution Service (DDS) based implementation of Smart grid devices using ANSI C12.19 standard

Today's power grid has so many challenges in terms of centralized power generation, limited flow of information, limited support for distribution, poor management of peak loads and power disruptions. Due to these limitations several organizations are working on Smart grid. Smart grid consists of numerous kind of heterogeneous devices that increase the complexity and inefficiency. To cope with heterogeneity and provide interoperability among the communication of these devices, middleware is considered to be the best approach. There are so many middlewares that have been proposed so far but Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware provides high level of reliability and efficiency by addressing more performance metrics and several QoS policies especially in real time and mission critical applications. We have considered Smart grid standard ANSI C12.19 based DDS deployment in transmission and consumption sides. Data structures are obtained for topics formation over RTI Connext to establish communication and to conduct experimental study for the analysis of interoperability and other performance metrics to prove that DDS is better solution for Smart grid data interoperability and high reliability.

A new tool for quality of multimedia estimation based on network behaviour

Summary In this paper, we present a software tool capable of predicting the final quality of triple play services by using the most common assessment metrics. The quality of speech and video in network environment is a growing concern of all the internet service providers to carry the multimedia traffic without the excessive delays and losses, which degrade the quality of multimedia as it is perceived by the end users. Prediction mathematical model is based on results obtained from many performed testing scenarios simulating real behavior in the network. Based on the proposed model, speech or video quality is calculated with regard to policies applied for packet processing by routers and to the level of total network utilization. The application cannot only predict QoS parameters but also generate the source code of particular QoS policy setting according to the user interaction and apply the policy to the routers in the network. Contribution of the work consists of a new software tool enables network administrators and designers to improve and optimize network traffic efficiently.

QoS-aware real-time pub/sub middleware for drilling data management in petroleum industry

The availability of real-time drilling data communication and management is highly critical to the exploration and production business of any petroleum company. Such critical mission requires oil companies to use the cutting edge ICT technologies, which will increase profitability of the company by increasing the efficiency and reducing drilling costs. Moreover, short delay in data transfer could results in severe damages, injury, environmental pollution, or even loss of lives. Data Distribution Service (DDS) is the state of the art in middleware technologies, standardized by Object Management Group (OMG) since 2003; and it is designed for distributed low latency and high reliability systems with rich QoS policies. In this paper, I reviewed the current drilling data communication and management techniques in a selected Oil and Gas Company, and propose an optimization solution based on DDS technology. Furthermore, I evaluated the performance of DDS middleware with different data types, data loads, and different networks including limited bandwidth networks. A prototype for my proposed solution is implemented using NI-LABVIEW and RTI-DDS then evaluated in terms of latency and throughput. The results show that DDS is a promising technology that can improve the performance of petroleum industry while maintaining the correct safety measures.

Automatic train control over LTE: design and performance evaluation

Due to technical advances in train control and wireless communications, unmanned train operation has gained in popularity of late. On the other hand, any errors involved in managing the QoS of train control traffic will cause negative consequences such as possible loss of life. Operators therefore naturally wish to scrutinize the specifications so that the wireless communications system is capable of guaranteeing the QoS of the train control traffic. In this article, we propose a feasible QoS management scheme for train control traffic based on the methodology used in a conventional LTE system. Based on the proposed scheme, we evaluate the feasibility of the LTE system using a testbed built in a commercial railway region. The key issues to support the train control services by the LTE system are the design of a QoS policy based on analyzing the characteristics of the train control traffic and the appropriate adjustment of the cell parameters during the cell planning and optimization procedures in order to resolve any network issues that may cause problems with data pause.

멀티미디어 인터넷망의 최적화 전송을 위한 라벨링망 응용 정책설정 고찰

ABSTRACT Traditional IP routing, see only the Destination Address When Forwarding Layer 3 routing and exchange information and Destination-Based Routing Lookup is required for all Hop. Thus, all routers Full Internet routing information, the route information of more than about 120,000 may require. Therefore, the router configuration, which can be dispersed in the environment, the traffic load is required in accordance with this congestion. In this study, a unique characteristic of the Internet in the environment of an existing network Best Effect for QoS guarantee and hardware high speed switching of large multimedia data transmitted using a Labeling for forwarding a packet environment configuration is required. Video Stream Broadcast Transport Labeling rather than in much of the higher performance of the multi-step policy to most of the Video Stream Packet deulim was fixed to Labeling Header Format proposes a method of applying an effective QoS policy to a more simplified policy. 키워드 :

Performance Evaluation of DDS-Based Middleware over Wireless Channel for Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) are rapidly becoming choice of production and manufacturing industry due to their quick adaptability to the ever-changing market demands while maintaining the quality and cost of the products. Such systems are usually decentralized in their monitoring and control and consist of heterogeneous components. Therefore, need arises for an interface that can mask the heterogeneity and provide smooth communication among these dissimilar components. Data Distribution Service (DDS) is a data-centric middleware standard based on Real-Time Publish/Subscribe (RTPS) protocol that fulfills the job of such interface in distributed systems. In this work, we present the idea of using DDS-based middleware over commonly used wireless channels like Bluetooth and Industrial WiFi to facilitate data communication in distributed control systems. A simulation model is developed to quantify various performance measures like latency, jitter, and throughput and to examine the suitability of aforementioned wireless channels in distributed monitoring and control environments. The model explores various communication scenarios based upon a practical case study. Obtained results serve as an empirical proof of concept that DDS can ensure reliable and timely data communication in firm real-time distributed control systems using common wireless channels and offer extensive control over various aspects of data transmission through its rich set of QoS policies.

E-AMBULANCE: Real-Time Integration Platform for Heterogeneous Medical Telemetry System

Abstract There are a vast number of researches in sensor networks, medical devices, wireless communication, middleware software and software applications that help advance improvements in the healthcare systems. Health monitoring systems deliver health status reports to actors such as people under monitoring, practitioners and coaches for several purposes. In this paper, we propose E-Ambulance framework, which is a smart ambulance system model that provides health monitoring of patients for remote medical professionals. As well as provide an automatic responses of suggestions and warnings to paramedic staff inside an ambulance. Sensor networks record and deliver health status information to other elements of system. Due to the availability of information from sensors networks, an auto response can take place by alarms supervised by Decision Maker unit. Remote decisions can be made in a medical center after receiving inputs generated inside an ambulance. Building a distributed real time system can handle all aspects of time critical systems and hide heterogeneity between elements and different types of data. Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard is used to build the proposed model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in terms of latency and throughput, experiments are performed over DDS middleware. Additionally, to have efficient configuration different QoS policies configurations of DDS are tuned.

Design of QoS Protocol Matching Method in the DDS Specification

In this paper, based on QoS Policy of current DDS, a similarity-matching function of QoS Policy combinations is designed between the publishers and the subscribers, and corresponding flow is also designed to match those QoS Policy combinations.

Performance Research for Data Distribute Service Based on QoS

As a network middleware, Data Distribution Service (DDS) is a hot research subject in recent years. First, DDS model is formalized definition and description in this paper. Second, we research and analysis performance-related QoS policies and these polices are how to do affect performance. Finally, we verify and analyze the control strategy of QoS by experimental, which has an important impact on improving the performance of DDS.