Qian Xuesen Research Articles

Research on the Knowledge Structure and Sustainable Development Pathways of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Technological Science

Achieving significant breakthroughs in both the fundamental theories and technological applications of artificial intelligence is essential for fostering its long-term development. Under the guidance of Professor Qian Xuesen’s theory of technological science, exploring the internal mechanisms of knowledge evolution in artificial intelligence holds profound theoretical and practical significance for promoting sustainable technological advancement. This study draws on literature from the Web of Science (WOS) database and employs methods such as knowledge mapping, natural language processing, clustering analysis, and citation analysis to outline the knowledge structure of the field, clarify the trajectory of sustainable development, and trace the technological genealogy of VR/AR technologies.This study divides the knowledge structure within the field of technological science into “basic theoretical knowledge—applied basic knowledge—applied knowledge”, enriching Qian’s theory of technological science from within and providing strong intellectual support and technological pathways for sustainable technological development in practice. Artificial intelligence encompasses 10 distinct knowledge domains, among which machine learning and deep learning constitute the basic theoretical knowledge, data intelligence, computer vision, and swarm intelligence are the applied basic knowledge, and image processing and human-computer intelligence are the applied knowledge. The development of VR/AR technology has formed two main sustainable development paths: “machine learning—data intelligence—intelligent systems—human computer intelligence”, and “deep learning—computer vision—image processing”.

Qian Xuesen's question I: Collectivism's influence on serial order effect in divergent thinking

Westerners are better at divergent thinking than Easterners, and previous studies have found this difference relates to collectivism-individualism, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between individualism-collectivism and divergent thinking from the perspective of semantic networks. A total of 158 participants were measured with the scale of collectivism-individualism tendencies and divergent thinking. Results showed that collectivism and individualism were not significantly associated with the performance of divergent thinking in figural task. And collectivism, rather than individualism, exhibited a negative correlation with originality but a positive correlation with appropriateness in verbal task. Furthermore, collectivism moderated the serial order of originality and appropriateness in verbal task. This study provides preliminary insights into the impact of culture on creativity from semantic network perspectives.

Construção do sistema cognitivo de comportamento inovador de talento desde a perspectiva do pensamento estético

Abstract: The autonomous cultivation of high-caliber talents constitutes a critical focal point and fundamental basis for the successful execution of the “Talent-Driven Nation” strategy. Qian Xuesen’s philosophical thought is epitomized by his Dacheng Aesthetics, representing the core content of Metasynthetic Wisdom. This research draws inspiration from the enlightening discourse on Qian Xuesen’s Dacheng Aesthetics and aims to explore comprehensive approaches for the cognitive and behavioral cultivation of innovative talents. Through a meticulous examination of the elemental foundations underpinning the development of innovative capabilities in outstanding talents, this study proposes a sophisticated structural model conducive to China’s distinctive knowledge systems and the cultivation of innovative thinking among exceptional individuals. Furthermore, this investigation puts forth strategic initiatives geared towards nurturing behavioral creativity and offers substantial recommendations and insightful perspectives aimed at optimizing contemporary university student training models and elevating the overall quality of talent development.

Evolution and implementation pathways from desertification prevention and control to sandy land management and use in China

The construction of ecological civilization emphasizes holistic protection of "mountain-water-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand", which has become an important concept of desertification prevention projects in arid and semi-arid areas of China. In the past, sandy land management and use have been neglected in desertification prevention and control, in that the links have not been effectively connected and the long-term and efficient desertification prevention has not been realized. Therefore, combining Qian Xuesen's understanding of "deserticulture", we comprehensively discussed the "long-term achievements" of China's desertification control miracle from the perspective of the historical evolution of the interaction of technology and practice, and the strategic development of policy guidance. Further, we defined the concepts of desertification prevention, desertification control, and sandy land management and use. We analyzed the coupling and coordination relationship between the four links and the scientific principle based on the development of ecological industry chain. Finally, we put forward the policy and market realization pathways, with efficient sandy land management as the core, desertification prevention as the basis, desertification control as the channel, and long-term sandy land use as the foundation. We expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for creating a new miracle of China's desertification prevention and control.

Qian Xuesen's Role in Computer Development of China

Qian Xuesen's Role in Computer Development of China

From Chinese Landscape Painting to Landscape City -- Exploring the Design and Development of Chinese Ideal Living Environment

There are many “urban diseases” caused by the purposeless expansion of contemporary cities, such as ecological damage, lack of characteristics, and the same face of cities, which urgently need a new urban planning and construction method to solve the problem. Under this background, “landscape city” was put forward by Qian Xuesen in 1993. Its concept has made great contributions to the ecological and characteristic construction of Chinese cities. Chinese traditional landscape painting is a unique cultural and spiritual content with Chinese characteristics. At the same time, there is a “heterogeneous isomorphism” relationship between Chinese landscape painting and landscape cities. Landscape painting also reflects the ideal way of living of Chinese people since ancient times. Therefore, applying the idea of “harmony between human and nature” in Chinese landscape painting to the ecological construction of landscape cities, and applying landscape culture and spirit to the characteristic expression and artistic conception construction of landscape cities can create ecological cities with unique Chinese characteristics. Taking the construction of Fuzhou landscape city as an example, this paper explores the path of modern city’s “landscape”, summarizes and puts forward some methods of ecological city planning and construction with Chinese characteristics, which has certain guiding significance for the construction of modern “landscape city”. At the same time, it points out that the construction of landscape city with unique Chinese culture is an excellent path to realize the ideal living environment with Chinese characteristics.

Tunable inhibition of β-amyloid peptides by fast green molecules* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grand No. 11804174), Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, and K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.

The aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein into toxic intermediates and mature fibrils is considered to be one of the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Small molecules as one of blockers are expected to be the potential drug treatment for the disease. However, the nucleation process in molecular assembly is less informative in the literatures. In this work, the formation of Aβ(16-22) peptides was investigated with the presence of small molecule of fast green (FG) at the initial aggregation stage. The results exhibited the tunable inhibitory ability of FG molecules on Aβ(16-22) peptides. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that the inhibitory effect would be dependent on the dose of FG molecules, which could delay the lag time (nucleation) and form single layer conjugates. Spectral measurements further showed that the β-sheet secondary structure of Aβ(16-22) reduced dramatically after the presence of FG molecules. Instead, non-β-sheet nanosheets were formed when the FG/Aβ(16-22) ratio reached 1:1. In addition, the cytotoxicity of aggregates reduced greatly with the presence of FG molecules compared with the Aβ(16-22) fibrils. Overall, this study provided a method for suppressing the toxic amyloid aggregates by FG molecules efficiently, and also showed a strategy for fabrication of two-dimensional materials by small molecules.

The Cultivation Mode of High Skilled Talents in Construction Industry

Facing the current situation of the shortage of high-skilled talents in China’s construction industry,constructing a high-skilled talent training model in the construction industry that meets China’s national conditions is a key way to solve the shortage of talents. "Qian Xuesen’s question" not only exists in the cultivation of high-tech talents, but also in the cultivation of high-skilled talents. In general basic education and vocational edu-cation, the theory-based test-oriented education in the teaching process may lead to a lack of autonomy and ineffi-cient reproductive learning. Therefore, there must also be productive learning provided by work learning. In order to promote the cultivation of high-skilled talents in the construction industry, this paper proposes a high-skilled construction talent cultivation model that includes the four main bodies of government, schools, enterprises and individuals, and combines the three cultivation methods of general basic education, vocational education and work study to find out for the shortage of high-skilled talents in the construction industry.

Where Does Human Inspiration Come From —To Answer “Qian Xuesen’s Question”

Inspiration; Innovation; Spirit; National rejuvenation

Academician Yu Hongru: Pioneer of New Detonation Driving Method for Shock Tubes

Yu Hongru studied mathematics and mechanical engineering in his early years, laying a solid foundation for the combination of science and engineering. In 1956, he was admitted to the Graduate School of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Under the guidance of Qian Xuesen, Lin Tongji, and other masters, as well as his inherent quality and understanding, he embarked on an experimental research journey of "shock wave phenomenon and its application" . Yu Hongru abandoned the techniques used in other countries to meet the needs of our country and explored a low-cost and efficient high-enthalpy experimental method detonation drive, which was widely praised by his international peers. He also actively promoted the application of shock tube and shock tunnel technology in national defense, aerospace engineering, and civil engineering. At the beginning of the 21st century, he researched the performance of a hypersonic ramjet and explored a new concept of using a catalytic composite method to improve the thrust of ramjets. Yu is also actively concerned about the development of China’s Pneumatic Center. He paved the way for the later reseachers.

The Interactive Model of Theory and Practice in the Promotion of Science and Technology Quality of Chinese Kindergarten Teachers

Chinese kindergarten teachers’ low-level scientific-technological literacy has weakened the education of children’s science field and even their teaching contents that have violated the principles and practices of science and technology. Taking the combination of theory and practice, from the top design to the educational practice, this paper studies the science and technology literacy of the kindergarten teachers, proposing three unique manifestations in the early childhood science education activities to create a circular interaction concept analogy to Qian Xuesen’s thoughts of technical science, which conforms to the constructivist education activities of kindergarten teachers. The model of “interaction between theory and practice” is constructed based on this concept with the implementation strategy of “reducing theory” in science and technology theory and “swelling practice” in scientific and technological experience though academic education and continuing education using resources of colleges, society and network. This model which has achieved good results in three years of practice provides a reference model for improving the science- technology literacy for kindergarten teachers in developing countries whose national conditions is similar with China

Private rockets ready for liftoff in China: Four Chinese companies vie to be the first to achieve orbit - [News

In the early years of rocketry at Caltech, there was no figure more influential than the Chinese cyberneticist Qian Xuesen. Then, in 1955, the United States repatriated him to China, suspecting him of being a spy.

Qian Xuesen's ‘Cultural Design’ and the Development of Engineering Science at the University of Science and Technology of China

Engineering science at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) is hosted by its School of Engineering Science. From the perspective of scientific culture, this article examines Qian Xuesen's initial concept of engineering science and the formation of the discipline's cultural elements at USTC, such as institute–department integration (research–teaching integration), the training model, its emphasis on practice and its development as a research platform.

Master planner.

China's revered rocket scientist, Qian Xuesen, set in motion a system for engineers to control Chinese society.

Bowing to Chairman Mao: Western-Trained Intellectuals and the State in the Early PRC

This article examines the political experience and mental journey of four Western-educated Chinese intellectuals in the Mao era: art critic and translator Fu Lei; architect Liang Sicheng; historian Zhou Yiliang; and rocket scientist Qian Xuesen. It shows that though initially politically unaffiliated, all four were rapidly drawn towards the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), identified with the Party norms and lent support to the state. Such development can be attributed to their serious deliberation on ideological, social and personal issues, and the Party’s co-optation strategies. They were either eventually victimized in Maoist campaigns, or took advantage of political winds for personal advancement, or shrewdly carved out a professional space by virtue of political correctness. Their stories shed important light on the complex pattern of thinking and behavior of Chinese intellectuals, and the dynamism of the CCP in its early rule.

On Current Conditions of Higher Education in China

Education is the foundation and original power for a country and a nation to prosper and develop. Therefore, powerful education is essential to build a strong country. China's prosperity lies in education, and education determines qualifications of citizens and state. And higher education, as a phase to cultivate top-class talents for a country and a nation, shall deserve more attention of us. However, current conditions of current higher education are quite worrying, and the question from the famous scientist Qian Xuesen makes people thinking deeply. This paper is written to explain current conditions of higher education and explore for reasons and ideal higher education from the perspective of a postgraduate taking higher education.

China׳s space development history: A comparison of the rocket and satellite sectors

China is the most recent great power to emerge in aerospace. It has become the first developing nation to achieve some measure of aerospace production capability across the board. Outside the developed aerospace powers, only China has demonstrated competence concerning all aspects of a world-class aerospace industry: production of advanced rockets, satellites, and aircraft and of their supporting engineering, materials, and systems. As an emerging great power during the Cold War, China was still limited in resources, technology access, and capabilities. It thereby faced difficult choices and constraints. Yet it achieved increasing, though uneven, technological levels in different aerospace sub-sectors. Explaining this variance can elucidate challenges and opportunities confronting developing nations sharing limitations that previously constrained China.Rockets (missiles and space launch vehicles/SLVs) and satellites (military and civilian) were two areas of early achievement for China, and represent this article׳s two in-depth case studies. Initial import of American and Soviet knowledge and technology, coupled with national resources focused under centralized leadership, enabled China to master missiles and satellites ahead of other systems. Early in the Cold War, great power status hinged on atomic development. China devoted much of its limited technical resources to producing nuclear weapons in order to “prevent nuclear blackmail,” “break the superpowers׳ monopoly,” and thereby secure great power status. Beijing׳s second strategic priority was to develop reliable ballistic missiles to credibly deliver warheads, thereby supporting nuclear deterrence. Under Chairman Mao Zedong׳s direction and the guidance of the American-educated Dr. Qian Xuesen (H.S. Tsien), missile development became China׳s top aerospace priority. Satellites were also prioritized for military-strategic reasons and because they could not be purchased from abroad following the Sino-Soviet split. By the Cold War׳s end, China had achieved comprehensive rocket and satellite capabilities. Today it is pursuing cutting-edge systems in both areas, continuing formidable indigenous development while absorbing foreign technology where possible. To understand the reasons for China׳s aerospace development trajectory it is necessary to consider closely its specific history and larger context.The article will therefore examine the decision-making, organization, and technological development that made such progress possible.2

A Revolution in Human Modes of Thinking and Methods of Cognition: On the Significance of Using a “Comprehensive Integrated Laboratory” to Carry Out Economic and Social Development Research and General Social Science Studies

The idea of “overall design headquarters” and “a comprehensive integrated laboratory of economic and social development” was first proposed by Professor Qian Xuesen, the famous Chinese physicist and the honored scientist, in the 1990s. Nowadays, the meta-system of society has become more and more systemic, holistic, complex, abrupt, variable, and random. Meanwhile, sensory tools such as telescopes and microscopes and cognitive tools which are extensions of the brain such as computer technology have enjoyed rapid progress. Such circumstance calls for an innovative reform of the way of thinking and cognition tools which combine social science research and natural science research. It is now possible to establish a comprehensive integrated laboratory that adopts a systemic and integrated mode of thinking and combines the modern technologies to gain a scientific understanding of the social world just as our previous endeavors gave us a scientific understanding of the natural world. Using quantitative logical operation and simulation technologies to observe and study society is such a revolution of means and tools that it could help us better prevent and solve problems that we will face in the future development.

Face Recognition System Based on HWME

The limitations of current researches on face recognition is analyzed firstly that the researchers failed to find a compromise between recognition rate and speed. Then open complex giant system and the Hall for Workshop of Meta-synthetic Engineering are introduced. After analyzing features of the face recognition, a new research direction is put forward that face recognition can be treated as an open complex giant problem and can be solved through the Hall for Workshop of Meta-synthetic Engineering (HWME) first designed by Qian Xuesen(Hsueshen Tsien). Finally, a framework of face recognition system based on HWME is proposed and four key points of the system are discussed.

Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom and Meta-Synthesis of Wisdom-Comment on Wisdom Global and Wisdom Cities

We introduce the relationships between data, information, knowledge, wisdom and the new theory on meta-synthesis of wisdom proposed by Qian Xuesen in 1992. Then we point out that with the appearance of many wisdom cities in China the theory on meta-synthesis of wisdom will be shown more imperatively.