Qar Governorate Research Articles

Evaluating Spatial Interpolation Maps of the Age Structure of the Population of Thi Qar Governorate Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Technologies

The research aims to harness spatial interpolation techniques to produce maps with a high level of perceptual accuracy in representing the population data of the study area. This is achieved after exploring the statistical and spatial nature of the databases used, analyzing them, and determining their distribution using a variety of spatial data exploration tools available within the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) environment. These tools contribute to evaluating the characteristics, distribution, and analysis of data, including testing data distribution, identifying its direction, and uncovering its spatial correlations. This highlights the importance of the study and understanding the distribution pattern of the population data in the study area, thereby facilitating the preparation of future that serve spatial organization by building spatial models for the numerical distribution of the data for age groups: young, middle-aged, and elderly, at the level of administrative units of the study area by relying on the inductive approach and the quantitative analysis approach. This is done using Geostatistical Analysis methods within the concept of spatial interpolation in GIS. The research also seeks to predict the population maps for Thi Qar Governorate by comparing spatial interpolation methods, namely Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Simple Kriging (SK). The study concluded, after verifying the accuracy of the results using the Cross-Validation curve, that the Simple Kriging (SK) method is the most accurate model in spatial prediction of population data for representing the data of the young age group in the study area, as it had the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 10.012. It was followed by the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method for representing the data of the elderly age group with an RMSE of 350.48. This indicates that the use of statistical criteria improves the accuracy of spatial interpolation and that the spatial prediction of the population data for the study area using the Simple Kriging (SK) method was more accurate than the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method based on statistical indicators.

In vitro analysis of urinary uranium of cancerous patients in Dhi_Qar governorate, southern Iraq

BackgroundThe simple and effective technique of fission track etch has been applied to determine trace concentration of uranium in human urine samples taken from two groups of male and female participants: cancer patients and healthy subjects are living in Dhi-Qar governorate, southern of Iraq. This governorate was the center of industrialization and the prior military activities especially during the Gulf wars in 1991 and 2003, and the abandoned weaponry is still present in these regions. The induced fission track registration was done using the CR-39 track detector. Patients with cancer were statistically significantly distinguished by significantly higher concentrations of uranium as compared with members of a control group, the mean value of uranium concentration for the cancer patients was 3.67 ± 0.16 μg/L, with the maximum recorded uranium concentration was 5.33 ± 0.25 μg/L (male, 75 years old, has prostate cancer) and the minimum concentration was 2.04 ± 0.07 μg/L (female, 7 years old, has leukemia cancer). While the mean value of uranium concentration for the healthy group was 2.80 ± 0.14 μg/L, with the maximum uranium concentration was 4.19 ± 0.23 μg/L (male, 73 years old) and the minimum concentration was 1.28 ± 0.07 μg/L (male, 7 years old). The results also showed a variation in uranium concentration according to gender, smoking status, and age. A gender comparison employed in the study showed that men had higher concentrations of uranium in them than female subjects and this may dawn from the difference in hormonal makeup of the body. While the smoking habit, it was found that persons who smokers, contained higher levels of uranium than those who does not smokers, demonstrating that smoking is the main route for uranium absorption. The finding indicated a significant of uranium excretion with age, which matches the predictions of theICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) uranium model. Based on these findings, it remains necessary for increasing targeted public health interventions, strictly monitoring the environment, and utilizing campaigns to avoid uranium exposure along with related complications in high-risk patient populations.

Problems of Tourist Transport in Dhi Qar Governorate in 2023

This research aims to determine the efficiency of the road transport network and to highlight the major road problems, as they play a significant role in the development and enhancement of tourist sites in Dhi-Qar Governorate. It examines the impact on various types of vehicular transport, given that cars offer unique advantages, such as door-to-door transportation and meeting the requirements of tourism and recreational activities at the destination. Road transport represents the primary foundation for tourism and its growth; thus, discussing the development of the tourism sector is incomplete without an efficient and advanced transportation system.The study explores the functional relationship between the elements of the car transport system and tourism activities at all spatial levels—local, regional, and international. This relationship serves as the theoretical framework for the role of road transport in creating developmental spatial benefits through road routes leading to tourist sites. These routes act as transportation hubs within the regional composite of Dhi-Qar Governorate, capable of generating and attracting traffic using car transport. Therefore, the study focuses on the major issues faced by the road network leading to tourist sites in Dhi-Qar Governorate. Dhi-Qar Governorate is among the prominent areas with tourism potential due to its significant archaeological sites, environmental recreational areas like the marshes, and religious sites that hold importance for many people.

Maps of Geographical Distribution Patterns of Industrial Facilities in Dhi Qar Governorate

This study investigates the spatial distribution of industrial facilities within Dhi Qar Governorate. By analyzing geographical patterns, the research aims to identify clusters, hotspots, and potential areas for industrial development. The study utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) to visualize and analyze the distribution of industrial establishments across the governorate. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the industrial landscape, informing future planning and decision-making for economic development and resource allocation in Dhi Qar.

The Geographical Components of Grain Milling Industry in Thi- Qar Governorate

This study aims to explore the geographical components of the grain milling industry in Thi- Qar Governorate in 2023. The research is divided into two main sections: the first section addresses the key indicators of the development of the grain milling industry in Thi-Qar Governorate for the period 2011-2021, while the second section examines the geographical components of the grain milling industry in Thi-Qar Governorate. The study concluded that the governorate possesses many natural and human geographical components that have contributed to the localization of the grain milling industry. However, the study's findings indicated that the industrial sector has not invested in these components. Furthermore, the grain milling industry holds economic importance by providing job opportunities and reducing unemployment. The study aims to understand the indicators of the development of the grain milling industry in Thi- Qar Governorate, as well as the role of geographical components in localizing this industry in the governorate.

The Role of Social Media in Spreading the Culture of Love and Hate in the Society of Thi Qar Governorate: A Descriptive Analytical Study

The Role of Social Media in Spreading the Culture of Love and Hate in the Society of Thi Qar Governorate: A Descriptive Analytical Study

Patients' dosimetry during lumbar radiographic examination (Lat) in certain hospitals at Dhi Qar governorate, Iraq

The work is aimed at investigating the entrance surface dose (ESD) for adult patients undertaking routine lumbar X-ray examination, and therefore ensure that the patients receive no excessive radiation dose during this radiography. This study was conducted at 4 selected hospitals: Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital (AHTH), Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital (ANTH), Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital (AHTH) and Souq Al-Shuyoukh General Hospital (SASGH) in Dhi Qar, Iraq. The ESD was calculated for 102 adult patients who underwent X-ray examinations of the lumbar spine using the physical parameters (i.e. Tube voltage-kVp, Tube loading- mAs and distance between X-ray tube and detector- SID) from all considered X-ray units, as well as on the X-ray tube output that was measured using an ionization chamber (Rad-Check Plus). The enrolled patients also had their demographic information recorded (gender, weight and height). The finding demonstrated that the average ESD values were (4.886, 4.288, 6.047, 6.378, 5.949, 9.322, 12.731, 4.094) mGy for AHTH1, AHTH2, AHTH3, ANTH1, ANTH2, ANTH3, AHTH, SASGH, respectively. The ESD values were seen to be comparable with internationally recognized sources UNSCEAR 2010, UK 2012, EC, and IAEA and with previously published studies such as those in Sudan 2014, Iran 2020, Nigeria 2019, and Ghana 2023. Finally, further studies must be carried out, and the relevant institutions must conduct continuous training courses for radiographers to ensure that the radiation dose is within the recommended level.

Temperatures and Their Impact on Tourism Activity in Dhi Qar Governorate: An Applied Climate Study

Temperatures significantly impact individuals, affecting their health and comfort. Extreme temperatures, whether high or low, can hinder a person's ability to work and engage in various activities. Consequently, people seek to minimize the negative effects of temperature on their comfort by finding places that alleviate thermal discomfort. Tourism is particularly sensitive to temperature variations, thriving during times and seasons with moderate temperatures and a comfortable atmosphere. Tourist activity tends to increase during these favorable periods, while it declines markedly during seasons with extreme temperatures. This research investigates the impact of three climatic elements on tourism activity in Dhi Qar Governorate. The study adopts Thom's temperature hypothesis and the wind cooling hypothesis by Sabul and Basel to determine the types of comfort influencing tourism in the area, utilizing climatic data from the Nasiriyah station. The analysis identifies general comfort levels, both day and night, to ascertain the optimal times and months for tourism. The findings reveal that March and November are the most comfortable and ideal months for tourism based on general temperature and humidity. April and November are considered relatively comfortable, with 10% of tourists experiencing some discomfort. When examining temperature and humidity during the day, December and February are identified as the best months for tourism, providing complete comfort. March, November, and January are found to be relatively comfortable. Additionally, the study evaluates the effect of wind on tourist comfort using general temperature and wind speed data. The wind cooling hypothesis shows that winds significantly cool the atmosphere in April and October (primary degree) and in February and November (secondary degree), making these months colder. In contrast, the negative impact of winds becomes evident during the extremely hot summer months, making the weather unsuitable for tourism.

The effect of the growth stimulant Bio 20 and thinning on some physiological and physical characteristics of date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.), the Al-Shwaithi cultivar growing in Thi - Qar Governorate.

The effect of the growth stimulant Bio 20 and thinning on some physiological and physical characteristics of date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.), the Al-Shwaithi cultivar growing in Thi - Qar Governorate.

Effect of triple superphosphate fertilizer and spraying with licorice root extract In the growth and production of tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

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STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN IN SHATRAH DISTRICT / THI-QAR PROVINCE - SOUTH OF IRAQ

The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children from newborns to ten years of age in different areas affiliated with the Shatra district in Dhi Qar Governorate in southern Iraq, as these areas suffer from poor health and living services in addition to a lack of awareness and interest in personal and health hygiene. The study was designed by taking 100 A random sample from different areas. The results were 25% of healthy children, while 75% were infected. The widespread infections were with the parasites Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. The results confirmed that most of the infected children were between two and four years of age, in addition to the fact that the most common infections were the combined infections of the Entamoeba parasite and Giardia for the same infected people, with a very high rate of up to 56%, while the infection of children with the Entamoeba parasite alone was 18.7% and Giardia alone was 25.3% in addition. The percentage of females is 65% while the percentage of males is 35% in parasitic infections and The infection rate in the countryside was higher than the infection rate in cities, as the infection rate in the countryside was (55%) and in the cities (45%).

Uranium concentrations indicator for cancer patients before and after Radiotherapy

One of the most dangerous diseases facing the world is cancer, and because cancer is closely linked to a high level of uranium in the blood, some governorates of Iraq, especially the southern ones, have witnessed a recorded spread of cancer because they are areas contaminated with uranium because of the wars to which they were exposed. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the uranium concentration. Regarding blood samples taken from people with different types of cancer, the study included 30 45 samples collected from the Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital in Dhi Qar Governorate, and the patients were from various administrative units. The samples were divided into 15 samples for healthy people as a control group, 15 samples for cancer patients who received chemotherapy and then 15 samples the same the patients took samples after they received radiotherapy. A track detection technique using a CR-39 track detector was applied to determine the uranium concentration. The maximum concentration reported in the group of patients following radiation was (3.0579 ± 0.5115) ppb, while the lowest value was in the group of healthy persons (1.3756 ± 0.3257) ppb.

Isopach Map of Mishrif Formation in Nasiriya Oil Field by Using 3D Seismic Data

The current study included interpretations of the three-dimensional seismic Data for the Nasiriya oil field implemented by the Oil exploration company in 2010 with a planned surface coverage area of 1273 km². The Nasiriyah field is located in southern Iraq within the Dhi Qar Governorate, about (10) km northwest of the governorate center (Nasiriyah), and the Muthanna governorate is located in the northwestern part of the field, which is approximately (15) km west of the governorate center (Samawah). The information from the wells (well velocity survey, formation depths, logs) was relied upon and entered into the seismic cube data to capture the top of the Mishrif Formation. In addition is to pick the top of the Rumaila Formation, which represents the bottom of the Mishrif Formation. The top and bottom Mishrif reflectors were picked, interpreted, and tracked within the region. The reflector's two-way time (TWT), velocity, and depth maps showed structural closure features in the center of the area, and the general direction of the closure is thenorthwest–southeast. The structural maps showed a general tendency towards the northeast. The isopach map showed that the thickness values of the Mishrif Formation increased to the west and northwest while the thickness decreased toward the east and southeast.

Study of the most prevalent parasitic diseases especially pinworm among children aged (5-12years) in various areas of Dhi Qar Governorate

Objective: This study included investigating the quality and prevalence of external and internal (intestinal) parasites among children in various regions at Dhi Qar government. The current study also aimed to focus on and find out the relationship between pinworm infection and appendicitis.
 Methods: The study was conducted during the period between February and July in the year 2023. The study included 100 patients infected with one or more types of ecto or intestinal parasites of both sexes, their ages ranged from 5 to 12 years. A clinical examination was performed for them by a pediatrician and they were sent to the laboratory to conduct the necessary laboratory tests.
 Results: The current study revealed that a number of parasitic infections, whether external or internal, are associated with anemia and malnutrition in children, in addition to poor psychological condition. Some cases of parasitic worms, especially pinworms, were associated with acute appendicitis. A number of histopathological changes were found after examining the excised organ histologically These changes included necrosis of the sub mucosal layer, erosion of the mucosal lining, and an abundance of fibroblasts in the muscle and serum layers.
 Conclusion: Acute appendicitis due to E. vermicularis is a very rare occurrence. The histopathological analysis of resected specimens should pay special attention to search for this parasite for adequate post-operative treatment of patients.

Evaluation ESR1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs106577 and Susceptibility for Breast cancer Risk in Young Women in Dhi Qar Governorate.

Evaluation ESR1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs106577 and Susceptibility for Breast cancer Risk in Young Women in Dhi Qar Governorate.

The 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever outbreak in Iraq

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an endemic, zoonotic, viral, and tick-borne disease that causes hemorrhagic symptoms. The disease has been reported in Iraq since 1979 comprising six cases between 1989 and 2009. Subsequently, 11, 3, and 33 cases were reported in 2010, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This study describes the 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) outbreak in different Iraqi governorates. In the 2022 outbreak, 212 cases of human CCHFV were reported between January 1 and May 22. These included 97 (46%) cases confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 115 (54%) suspected cases. Most human cases have been reported for livestock breeders and butchers. Approximately half of the confirmed cases (48%) were reported in the Dhi Qar governorate, whereas the others were reported in Missan, Muthanna, Wasit, Diwaniya, Karkh/Baghdad, Rusafa/Baghdad, Kirkuk, Basra, Najaf, Nineveh, Babylon, and Karbala. Patients with CCHFV showed symptoms of the pre-hemorrhagic phase, including sudden fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, nose bleeding, and abdominal and joint pain. Later, hemorrhagic symptoms started with unexplained bleeding lesions, ranging from small petechiae to large hematomas. The factors responsible for the re-emergence of CCHFV included a shortage of veterinary services during the COVID-19 pandemic and illegal slaughtering of animals outside the abattoirs. This led to massive tick infestations that acted as viral vectors. In conclusion, this is the first report documenting the 2022 CCHFV outbreak in Iraq, with a total of 212 patients and 27 overall deaths, including 13 laboratory-confirmed cases. The authors recommend improving veterinary services provided to farmers. Additionally, future studies need to be done including the sero-epidemiology and molecular studies on local livestock and ticks to understand their roles in circulating the virus to humans.

A chemical-pathological study to evaluate the role of vitamin D, ESR, and RF and the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity in the centers of Dhi Qar Governorate

A chemical-pathological study to evaluate the role of vitamin D, ESR, and RF and the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity in the centers of Dhi Qar Governorate

A histopathological study to evaluate the role of immunohistochemical technique for evaluating follicular thyroid cancer among cancer patients in Dhi Qar Governorate

A histopathological study to evaluate the role of immunohistochemical technique for evaluating follicular thyroid cancer among cancer patients in Dhi Qar Governorate

Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) by Aspergillus niger

The current study focused on the ability of Aspergillus niger to biodegrade low-density polyethylene, while studying some of the factors affecting the biodegradation process, including pH and temperature. Samples were collected from the soil of the waste landfill (sanitary landfill) of Dhi Qar Governorate, located 20 kilometers south of the center of the governorate, and using the dilution method. The genus Aspergillus niger had the highest appearance rate, reaching 100%, as it appeared in all samples, and the colony diameters in the solid medium were calculated. The fungus showed the ability to adapt and grow in the medium containing low-density polyethylene, with the a concentration of (0.1, 0.5, 1)%, and temperature of (15, 25, 35) ᵒC, also pH (2, 4, 6), and the addition of a carbon source of glucose, maltose and a nitrogen source (NH4Cl, NaNo3), the decomposition metabolites and the remaining concentration were identified by using Fourier – transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas – Mass Spectroscopy, and later a confirmatory test was conducted to determine the ability of Aspergillus niger to biodegrade low-density polyethylene in the medium of mineral salts.

Decolorization and Degradation of azo dyes in textile wastewater effluent by Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus ochraceous

In this study, fungi were isolated from contaminated soil collected from textile wool factories in Thi Qar Governorate. The results showed a high potential for removing Methylene Blue dye by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceous. The removal process was conducted under optimized conditions, including different concentrations of the azo dye, pH levels, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources. The results indicated that the fungi Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus. Ochraceus were the most common isolates. Both fungi were treated with Methylene Blue dye in solid and liquid media, and both showed the ability to degrade this dye. However, Aspergillus niger demonstrated higher activity in color removal compared to Aspergillus ochraceous, with a diameter of (9) cm in solid medium for Aspergillus niger and (8) cm for Aspergillus. ochraceus. These results were confirmed by statistical analysis, which showed significant differences between these fungi and concentrations. The decolorization percentage was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of which showed complete disappearance of peaks at 500 nm and at 1500 nm, indicates the degradation of dyes due to fungal activity, The technology also confirmed that a pH of 7 was the optimal pH for dye biodegradation compared to pH 4. This was observed through the dry weight of the fungi, with Aspergillus niger reaching to (2.35) and Aspergillus ochraceous reaching to (2.15) at pH 7. Also, in pH 4, the dry weight of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus. ochraceus reached (2.17) and (2.05) respectively. Furthermore, the study confirmed the potential use of filamentous fungi in treating dye-contaminated water, regardless of their pH values.