Degradation Of Pyridine Research Articles

E-peroxone with a novel GDE decorated with hydrophobic membrane for the degradation of pyridine: Stability, byproducts and toxicity

E-peroxone process is an emerging electrochemical oxidation process, based on ozone and the in-situ cathodic generation of H2O2, but the stability of cathode is one of the key restraining factors. In this study, we designed a multilayer gas diffusion electrode (GDE) decorated with a commercial hydrophobic membrane for the degradation of pyridine. It was found that a proper control of membrane pore sizes and hot-pressing temperature can significantly promote the GDE stability. Subsequently, key operational parameters of the constructed E-peroxone system were investigated, including the ozone concentration, current density, pH value, electrolyte type and initial concentration of pyridine. The degradation pathways were proposed according to six identified transformation products. The toxicity variation along the degradation progress was evaluated with microbial respiration tests and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) calculation and an efficient detoxification capacity of E-peroxone was observed. This research provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of highly efficient and stable E-peroxone system for the elimination of toxic organic contaminants.

Mechanistic insights of efficient aromatic organic compounds oxidation using biochar derived from coking wastewater sludge

Coking wastewater sludge possessed potential environmental hazards and pyrolysis was a desirable approach which could converted it into one functional carbonous material. The sludge-based biochar (SC-N3) originated from the feedstock of sludge from the regenerated water treatment had various iron-containing species and exhibited the effective catalytic ability. Compared with the degradation of the four pollutants (i.e., phenol, pyridine, quinoline and indole) alone, the mixed of the four pollutants in simulated coking wastewater exhibited a prominent different degradation trend, where the removal rates of indole and quinoline were enhanced from 45% and 30% to 98.9% and 82.3%, respectively. The quinone intermediates from phenol degradation, played a critical role in enhancing the removal rates of indole and quinoline as the electron transfer medium. Both the free radical pathway dominated by •OH and non-radical pathway with 1O2 play the main role in indole degradation, while •OH was the main factor in the catalytic degradation of phenol, quinoline and pyridine. By analysis the intermediates elucidated by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra, the degradation molecular characteristics and pathways of the four pollutants in simulated coking wastewater were deciphered. The findings indicated that the catalyst SC-N3 prepared from the coking wastewater sludge presented unique catalytic properties and possessed a promising application in the degradation of refractory wastewater.

Identification, degradation characteristics, and application of a newly isolated pyridine-degrading Paracidovorax sp. BN6-4.

The Paracidovorax sp. BN6-4 capable of degrading high concentrations of pyridine was isolated from the coking sludge. The removal rate of BN6-4 to 1,000 mg/L pyridine during 48 h was 97.49 ±1.59%. The primary intermediate metabolites of pyridine degradation by strain BN6-4 were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including N-Ethylurea, acetamidoacetaldehyde, and N-Hydroxymethylacetamide, etc. Subsequently, two different biodegradation pathways of pyridine were proposed. First, the hydroxylation of pyridine to form the intermediates pyridin-2(1H)-one and 5,6-dihydropyridine-2,5-diol, the former undergoing oxidative ring opening and the latter oxidative ring opening via N-C2 and C2-C3 ring opening to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the organic matter was greatly degraded by the bioremediation of real coking wastewater using BN6-4. This study enriched the microbial resource for pyridine degradation and provided new insights about the biodegradation pathway of pyridine, which is of great significance for the pyridine pollution control and coking wastewater treatment.

Efficient utilization of photoelectron-hole at semiconductor-microbe interface for pyridine degradation with assistance of external electric field

In this study, enhanced pyridine bio-photodegradation with assistance of electricity was achieved. Meanwhile, photoelectron-hole played a vital role in accelerating pyridine biomineralization. The significant separation of photoelectron-hole was achieved with an external electric field, which provided sufficient electron donors and acceptors for pyridine biodegradation. The enhanced electron transport system activity also revealed the full utilization of photoelectron-hole by microbes at semiconductor-microbe interface with assistance of electricity. Microbial community analysis confirmed the enrichment of functional species related to pyridine biodegradation and electron transfer. Microbial function analysis and microbial co-occurrence networks analysis indicated that upregulated functional genes and positive interactions of different species were the important reasons for enhanced pyridine bio-photodegradation with external electric field. A possible mechanism of enhanced pyridine biodegradation was proposed, i.e., more photoelectrons and holes of semiconductors were utilized by microbes to accelerate reduction and oxidation of pyridine with the assistance of electrical stimulation. The excellent performance of the photoelectrical biodegradation system showed a potential alternative for recalcitrant organic wastewater treatment.

Novel insights into the co-metabolism of pyridine with different carbon substrates: Performance, metabolism pathway and microbial community

Pyridine is a widely employed nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic, and the discharge of pyridine wastewater poses substantial environmental challenges due to its recalcitrance and toxicity. Co-metabolic degradation emerged as a promising solution. In this study, readily degradable glucose and the structurally analogous phenol were used as co-metabolic substrates respectively, and the corresponding mechanisms were thoroughly explored. To treat 400 mg/L pyridine, all reactors achieved remarkably high removal efficiencies, surpassing 98.5%. And the co-metabolism reactors had much better pyridine-N removal performance. Batch experiments revealed that glucose supplementation bolstered nitrogen assimilation, thereby promoting the breakdown of pyridine, and resulting in the highest pyridine removal rate and pyridine-N removal efficiency. The high abundance of Saccharibacteria (15.54%) and the enrichment of GLU and glnA substantiated this finding. On the contrary, phenol delayed pyridine oxidation, potentially due to its higher affinity for phenol hydroxylase. Nevertheless, phenol proved valuable as a carbon source for denitrification, augmenting the elimination of pyridine-N. This was underscored by the abundant Thauera (30.77%) and Parcubacteria (7.21%) and the enriched denitrification enzymes (narH, narG, norB, norC, and nosZ, etc.). This study demonstrated that co-metabolic degradation can bolster the simultaneous conversion of pyridine and pyridine-N, and shed light on the underling mechanism.

Daylight-driven catalytic removal of pyridine over Ag-embedded ZnO porous nanosheets

Structure of heterogeneous photocatalyst with adequate coupling interface has an important effect on energy transfer and photoinduced electron-hole pairs separation. In this work, Ag-embedded ZnO heterogeneous porous nanosheets (PNSs) have been synthesized by thermal pyrolyzing of Ag2CO3-modified Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 nanosheets at 400 °C. Photoelectron spectra and X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate that there exists an adequate coupling between Ag and ZnO phase. Ag-embedded ZnO PNSs, in contrast to bare ZnO PNSs, performs 6-fold enhancement in natural-daylight-driven degradation of pyridine which requires participation of ·OH radicals. This result demonstrates that the adequate coupling interface between Ag and ZnO for Ag-embedded ZnO PNSs promotes an energy transfer from local surface plasma resonance of Ag nanoparticles to bound excitons in ZnO region, activating them to dissociate into free photoinduced carriers. In addition, external control experiments indicate that the best photocatalytic degradation is obtained in the 7–10 pH range of 10 mg/L pyridine solution in presence of 0.5 g/L photocatalyst dosage. The optimal Ag-embedded ZnO PNSs under outdoor daylight irradiation also performs an efficiently photocatalytic degradability for pyridine present in ground water. Our work provides a new approach to fabricate ZnO-based photocatalyst with efficient energy transfer for treating stubborn organics present in polluted water.

Microbial degradation of pyridine: a proposed nitrogen metabolism pathway deciphered in marine mangrove Bacillus aryabhattai strain NM1-A2

BackgroundDiverse microbes, such as bacteria, are of immense worth to mangrove ecosystems due to their adaptability to salinity and variable environmental characteristics conditions. Pyridine and its derivatives compose most heterocyclic aromatic compounds largely produced by human activities that lead to environmental pollution. Bacteria have a crucial role in the nutrient cycling of carbon and nitrogen etc., to understand their functional involvement with environmental factors or ecosystem functioning as well as the species invasion and domestic or agriculture pyridine degradation pollution activities that threaten the mangrove ecosystem.MethodsThis work established the genetic-based molecular degradation of organic compounds in the mangrove ecosystem, which ultimately makes the availability of nutrients. As well as the effects of various abiotic factors on pyridine degradation to discover the pyridine degradation and the removal of ammonia nitrogen and the proposed nitrogen metabolism pathway.ResultsThe novel bacterial strain NM1-A2 was isolated from mangrove sediments and, after 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified as Bacillus aryabhattai. NM1-A2 completely degraded pyridine within a 100 h incubation period at a temperature of 35 °C, an initial pH of 7.0, glucose and a pyridine concentration of 500 mg/L. The pseudo-first-order kinetics model described the pyridine biodegradation profile of NM1-A2 well. Interestingly, within 96 h the strain achieved almost complete pyridine degradation with a total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 87.9% ± 0.19% (from 377.52 ± 6.9 mg/L to 45.65 ± 0.14 mg/L). Within 96 h, the pyridine ring in the total nitrogen (TN) fraction at the maximum concentration of 55.31 ± 0.17 mg/L, furtherly 51.3% ± 2.39% of (TN) converted into Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N). Furthermore, NM1-A2 exhibited its pyridine biodegradation activity decreased by only 4% after three consecutive cycles (48 h each). Moreover, NM1-A2 possessed nrt-ABCD nitrate transport family and gltABCD operons that participate in the activities of glutamine and glutamate synthetase in NH4+ conversion in the nitrogen cycle. Furthermore, the nitrogen metabolism genes (nrtA, nrtB, nrtC, nirB, nirD, gltB, gltD, glnA) exhibited expression in NM1-A2.ConclusionThis research offers a potential treatment strategy for pyridine degradation in the mangrove ecosystem.Graphical

A novel pbd gene cluster responsible for pyrrole and pyridine ring cleavage in Rhodococcus ruber A5

Pyridine and pyrrole, which are regarded as recalcitrant chemicals, are released into the environment as a result of industrial manufacturing processes, posing serious hazards to both the environment and human health. However, the pyrrole degradation mechanism and the pyridine-degrading gene in Rhodococcus are unknown. Herein, a highly efficient pyridine and pyrrole degradation strain Rhodococcus ruber A5 was isolated. Strain A5 completely degraded 1000 mg/L pyridine in a mineral salt medium within 24 h. The pyridine degradation of strain A5 was optimized using the BoxBehnken design. The optimum degradation conditions were found to be pH 7.15, temperature 28.06 ℃, and inoculation amount 1290.94 mg/L. The pbd gene clusters involved in pyridine degradation were discovered via proteomic analysis. The initial ring cleavage of pyridine and pyrrole in strain A5 was carried out by the two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase PbdA/PbdE. The degradation pathways of pyridine and pyrrole were proposed by the identification of metabolites and comparisons of homologous genes. Additionally, homologous pbd gene clusters were found to exist in different bacterial genomes. Our study revealed the ring cleavage mechanisms of pyrrole and pyridine, and strain A5 was identified as a promising resource for pyridine bioremediation.

Effects of biochar, granular activated carbon, and magnetite on the electron transfer of microbials during the anaerobic digestion process: Insights into nitrogen heterocyclic compounds degradation

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of the hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase is often inhibited by high levels of nitrogen heterocyclics, which hinder its valorization. Despite the potential benefits of conductive materials in promoting the degradation of toxic compounds through the establishment of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), there is still a gap in the understanding of their role and related mechanisms in nitrogen heterocyclic degradation. In this study, the AD process was improved by the addition of conductive materials. Subsequently, the cumulative methane production increased by 7.2% (with biochar), 15.4% (with granular activated carbon), and 24.3% (with magnetite). Besides, The addition of conductive materials significantly improved the complexity and stability of the microbial communities, especially the DIET potential microorganisms—Methanosaetaceae and Syntrophobacteraceae, Anaerolineaceae, Clostridiaceae, Geobacteraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae. Thermodynamic analysis and pyridine degradation pathways further supported enhanced pyridine degradation via the addition of conductive materials.

Efficient pyridine biodegradation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia J2: Degradation performance, mechanism, and immobilized application for wastewater

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia J2, a highly efficient pyridine-degrading bacterium, was isolated from the aerobic tank of a pesticide-contaminated wastewater treatment plant. The strain J2 demonstrated an impressive pyridine degradation rate of 98.34% ± 0.49% within 72 h, at a pyridine concentration of 1100 mg·L-1, a temperature of 30 °C, a pH of 8.0, and a NaCl concentration of 0.5%. Notably, two new pyridine metabolic intermediates, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and butyric acid, were discovered, indicating that J2 may degrade pyridine through two distinct metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the immobilized strain J2 was obtained by immobilizing J2 with biochar derived from the stem of Solidago canadensis L. In the pyridine-contaminated wastewater bioremediation experiment, the immobilized strain J2 was able to remove 2000 mg·L-1 pyridine with a 98.66% ± 0.47% degradation rate in 24 h, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.17% ± 1.24%), and remained above 90% in subsequent cycles until the 27th cycle. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the J2 +B group had an elevated relative abundance of bacteria and functional genes that could be associated with the degradation of pyridine. The results offer a foundation for the effective use of immobilized strain in the treatment of recalcitrant pyridine-contaminated wastewater.

Pyridine degradation characteristics of Rhodococcus sp. LV4 under high salinity conditions

Biodegradation of pyridine pollutant by microorganisms is one of the economical and effective methods to solve the environmental pollution of pyridine under high salinity conditions. To this end, screening of microorganisms with pyridine degradation capability and high salinity tolerance is an important prerequisite. In this paper, a salt-resistant pyridine degradation bacterium was isolated from the activated sludge of Shanxi coking wastewater treatment plant, and identified as a bacterium belonging to Rhodococcus on the basis of colony morphology and 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic analysis. Salt tolerance experiment showed that strain LV4 could grow and degrade pyridine with the initial concentration of 500 mg/L completely in 0%-6% saline environment. However, when the salinity was higher than 4%, strain LV4 grew slowly and the degradation time of pyridine by strain LV4 was significantly prolonged. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cell division of strain LV4 became slower, and more granular extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was induced to secrete in high salinity environment. When the salinity was not higher than 4%, strain LV4 responded to the high salinity environment mainly through increasing the protein content in EPS. The optimum conditions for pyridine degradation by strain LV4 at 4% salinity were 30 ℃, pH 7.0 and 120 r/min (DO 10.30 mg/L). Under these optimal conditions, strain LV4 could completely degrade pyridine with an initial concentration of 500 mg/L at a maximum rate of (29.10±0.18) mg/(L·h) after 12 h adaptation period, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency reached 88.36%, indicating that stain LV4 has a good mineralization effect on pyridine. By analyzing the intermediate products in pyridine degradation process, it was speculated that strain LV4 achieved pyridine ring opening and degradation mainly through two metabolic pathways: pyridine-ring hydroxylation and pyridine-ring hydrogenation. The rapid degradation of pyridine by strain LV4 in high salinity environment indicates its application potential in the pollution control of high salinity pyridine environment.

Enhancing Biodegradation of Pyridine with Trehalose Lipid in Rhodococcus pyridinivorans sp. Strain HR-1-Inoculated Microbial Fuel Cell

A Gram-positive exoelectrogen Rhodococcus pyridinivorans sp. strain HR-1 was cultivated from leachate-fed microbial fuel cell (MFC) to study the biodegradation effect of pyridine. In the comparison with mixed cultured MFC, HR-1 presented a remarkable electrical capacity with a maximum output of 4.33 W/m3 under 30 °C in neutral anolyte with 1 g/L acetate as a substrate. Further, HR-1 demonstrated the environmental resistance as a Gram-positive strain. Microbial metabolism was evident at pH between 5–9 and temperature in the range of 20–40 °C, whereas optimal condition for pyridine degradation was observed at 30 °C. This is the first study reporting the degradation of pyridine in the bio-electrochemical system that achieved a 42% ± 5% degradation rate in a full operation cycle at 2 g/L of the concentration. Considering the nonnegligible internal resistance of HR-1-inoculated MFC, trehalose lipid was also introduced as a bio-surfactant to reduce the charge transfer obstacle between the microbes and the electrodes. The surface morphology illustrated that the strain had a plump shape with a high specific area. Accordingly, bio-surfactant addition promoted the anode biomass (1.2 ± 0.1 mg/cm2 to 1.7 ± 0.2 mg/cm2) and achieved a higher degradation rate (68% ± 4%). The feasibility of electrochemical disposal on pyridine and eminent adaptability of strain sp. HR-1 as a Gram-positive exoelectrogen makes MFC a practical approach for real application.

External-loop split-type dynamic membrane photobioreactor for the treatment of high-strength pyridine wastewater: Improved photosynthetic oxygenation and mitigated membrane fouling

In order to avoid pyridine volatilization in the conventional aerobic system based on bubble aeration, an algal-bacterial symbiotic system based on photosynthetic oxygenation was developed. Nonetheless, pyridine at high concentration would inhibit algal growth and photosynthetic activity, and thus decrease oxygen production efficiency. An external-loop split-type dynamic membrane photobioreactor system was proposed for treating high-strength pyridine wastewater, which consisted of a pyridine degrading reactor (R 1-1 ), and an algal-bacterial dynamic membrane bioreactor (R 1-2 ) for the photosynthetic oxygenation. The results showed that pyridine could be effectively removed at the influent concentration as high as 500 mg·L -1 at the hydraulic retention time of 48 h. Preferable algal growth and photosynthetic activity were retained in R 1-2 , with Fv/Fm maintained at 0.502±0.013 at the influent pyridine concentration of 500 mg·L -1 . The decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde level as well as the relative low catalase and superoxide dismutase activities also revealed the alleviation of oxidative stress in algae. The mitigated membrane fouling was due to reduced protein/polysaccharide ratio in the extracellular polymeric substances in the mixed liquor and fouling layer in R 1-2 . Rhodobacter and Rhodococcus were the dominant genus in R 1-1 and R 1-2 , and Chlorella was enriched in R 1-2 , responsible for pyridine degradation and oxygen production. • ESDMPBR was developed to alleviate the inhibitory effects of pyridine to algae. • Pyridine removal, nitrogen removal and oxygen production were enhanced in ESDMPBR. • Membrane fouling could be alleviated at high PS concentration and low PN/PS ratio. • Mechanism for enhanced pyridine removal involved in ESDMPBR was proposed. • Algal-bacterial symbiotic system was promising in treating high-strength pyridine.

Microbial and Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Pyridine

Microbial and Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Pyridine

Influencing Factors and Kinetics of Modified Shell Powder/La-Fe-TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Pyridine Wastewater.

Modified Shell Powder/La-Fe-TiO2 (La-Fe-TiO2@MSP) composites were fabricated using the sol-gel method and characterized by SEM, XRD, UV-vis DRS and photocurrent techniques, and their physicochemical and optical properties were analyzed. The effects of various factors on the photocatalytic degradation of pyridine and its reaction kinetics were investigated by batch experiments using pyridine, a typical nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound in coal chemical wastewater, as the target removal species. The pyridine degradation rate of 80.23% was obtained for 800 mg/L composite solution by photocatalytic oxidation of 50 mg/L pyridine wastewater for 180 min at 35 °C, pH = 8 and light intensity of 560 W. The photocatalytic degradation performance was optimal. The quenching experiments determined that the active species of photodegradation were mainly hole and hydroxyl radicals, and the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was analyzed in this way.

Cellulose-Assisted Loading to Construct a Photocatalytic Coupled Microbial System for Pyridine Removal

Pyridine is a typical nitrogen-containing organic compound, which is encountered in wastewaters. Due to their hazardous effects on ecosystems and human health, their removal is imperative. In this study, photocatalysis and biodegradation were combined to degrade pyridine. TiO2 was used as the photocatalyst. To help the catalysts coating, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was added to the catalyst dispersion system, and the performance of intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) for pyridine degradation was evaluated under visible light conditions. The effects of related parameters including carrier dosage, light intensity, initial concentration, and pH on the degradation of pyridine were investigated. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of pyridine was the highest under the optimal conditions of carrier dosage of 5%, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, the light intensity of 1000 Lux, and pH of 6. Cyclic degradation is necessary, and the cycle performance of the system will provide a more sufficient reference for a system to degrade pyridine.

Simultaneous high-concentration pyridine removal and denitrification in an electricity assisted bio-photodegradation system

In this study, enhanced degradation of high-concentration pyridine and simultaneous denitrification were achieved in an Electricity assisted bio-photodegradation system (EBPS) with a photoanode zone, a biocathode zone and an aerobic zone. The recombination of photoelectron-hole pairs was significantly suppressed in EBPS, which could not only improve the pyridine oxidation in photoanode zone, but also accelerate the biodegradation process in biocathode zone. NH4+ produced from pyridine degradation could be effectively nitrified into NO2- and NO3- in aerobic zone, which was recirculated into biocathode zone to serve as electron acceptor for accelerating pyridine biodegradation. When influent pyridine concentration was as high as 1250 mg L-1, pyridine was completely degraded without adding any extra electron donors, and complete denitrification was achieved in biocathode zone. Microbial community analysis confirmed the enrichment of the pyridine biodegradation species (Rhodococcus, Hydrogenophaga, Truepera and Thermovirga), denitrification species (Thiobacillus, Thioalkalispira and Rhodococcus) and electroactive species (Thiobacillus, Thermovirga, Hydrogenophaga, Thioalkalispira and Rhodococcus). Furthermore, the mechanism of pyridine metabolism, denitrification and extracellular electron transfer processes in EBPS was investigated, utilizing Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2). The results showed that the genes involved in pyridine degradation, denitrification and extracellular electron transfer were remarkably enriched in EBPS, indicating the crucial role of photoelectrical stimulation. This study provided a sustainable technical approach for simultaneous removal of pyridine and nitrogen in wastewater.

Advanced reduction process to achieve efficient degradation of pyridine

Pyridine and its derivatives are widely consumed and detected in the environment persistently, which can cause potential adverse impacts on environment and human health. Considering the fact that pyridine could absorb UV light at 254 nm to generate excited one, which could react with reductive radicals, promoting its structural changes, we proposed that one typical efficient advanced reduction process (ARP) which combines UV irradiation with sulfite could be used to eliminate pyridine quickly. Sulfite/UV process showed a higher pyridine removal rate with a pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant of 0.1439 min−1, which was 3 times of that in UV irradiation and 1.3 times in UV/H2O2 process. This was primarily due to reductive radicals (eaq–, H• and SO3•–) produced by UV irradiation. The removal rate of pyridine was highest in slightly alkaline environment. And the presence of oxygen, as well as certain concentration of humid acid just showed slight inhibition, indicating the possibility of application in practical environment. A positive impact was observed with increasing sulfite dosage, but it was gradually inhabited when the dosage was over 5 mM. The present study may provide an alternative efficient technology for the degradation of pyridine ring-containing substances.

Characterization of pyridine biodegradation by two Enterobacter sp. strains immobilized on Solidago canadensis L. stem derived biochar

In this study, two pyridine-degrading strains namely Enterobacter cloacae complex sp. BD17 and Enterobacter sp.BD19 were isolated from the aerobic tank of a pesticide wastewater treatment plant. The mixed bacteria H4 composed of BD17 and BD19 at a ratio of 1:1 was immobilized by Solidago canadensis L. stem biochar with a dosage of 2 g·L−1. The highest pyridine removal rate of 91.70% was achieved by the immobilized H4 at an initial pyridine concentration of 200 mg·L−1, pH of 7.0, temperature of 28 °C and salinity of 3.0% within 36 h. The main intermediates of pyridine degradation by BD17 were pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2-aminopropanediamide, and 2-aminoacetamide, while 2-picolinic acid, isopropyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, and acetaldehyde were identified with BD19 by adopting GC-MS technique. Interestingly, there was a possibility of totally mineralization of pyridine and the corresponding degradation pathways of BD17 and BD19 were revealed for the first time.

Synthesis and Characterization of Mn doped ZnO Nanoparticles and Degradation of Pyridine in a Batch Reactor Using: Taguchi Experimental Designing & Molecular Mechanic Simulation

In this study, the review and synthesis of ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO are discussed. ZnO is a substance that, because of its high potential in various applications such as the manufacture of solar cells, gas sensors, chemical absorbents, optical and electrical instruments, etc., is taken into consideration. ZnO and various levels of manganese (Mn) - doped ZnO were synthesized by the Sol-gel method. Characterization was carried out by XRD and SEM. Using Taguchi experimental design by software Qualitek-4. Optimum is determined, and this case was investigated by varying the time parameter. Photodegradation of Pyridine under visible light in a batch reactor by un-doped and doped ZnO. The optimal concentration of 6% Mn and calcined at 350 ° C for 3 hr was introduced. The curve map of broadened partial DOS (PDOS) and overlap DOS (OPDOS) for 6% and 10% Mn-doped ZnO have also been plotted and comprised of experimental data.