Pylorus Ligation Induced Ulcer Model Research Articles

Evaluation of the phytochemical Constituent, acute toxicity and antiulcer activity of Duranta erecta fruit extracts

ABSTRACT The phytochemical constituents, acute toxicity, and antiulcer activity of Duranta erecta fruit extracts were determined in rodents. The antiulcer activity was tested utilizing a pylorus ligation. For the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, positive controls received ranitidine 10 mg kg−1. The negative controls were given ethanol (1 mL). The hydroethanolic fruit extracts of D. erecta demonstrated no mortality or notable behavioral effects up to 5000 mg kg−1. The crude ethanol fruit extract of D. erecta demonstrated antiulcer effects on pyloric ligation in rats at 500 and 1000 mg kg−1 doses. The values obtained at 1000 mg kg−1 dose are equivalent to those obtained with ranitidine.

Evaluation of Antiulcer activity of Alcoholic stem extract of Epipremnum aureum (Linden andre) G.S. Bunting

Plants kingdom provides rich source of bioactive phytochemicals which are effective resources that are screened for deve. This plant is native to South eastern Asia and New Guinea. The plant is popular as traditional anticancer preparation in Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, this plant also finds its application in the treatment of ascites, cancer and skin diseases. The current study was carried out to investigate the anti-ulcer activity of the ethanolic stem extract of Epipremnum aureum in Wister rats. Investigation of antiulcer activity of the ethanolic stem extract of Epipremnum aureum was carried out on pylorus ligated and ethanol induced gastric ulcer models by oral administration of extract at the dose of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight. Parameters such as percentage of inhibition of ulcer, ulcer indices were evaluated in ethanol induced ulcer model using Sucralfate (100mg/kg) as the standard drug, while volume of gastric secretion, free acidity, total acidity, pH were assessed in pylorus ligated ulcer model using Omeprazole (30mg/kg) as standard. The extract showed significant (p<0.05) dose dependant reduction in ulcer indices in ethanol induced ulcer model at the tested doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg, exhibiting maximum gastroprotection of 73.94% at the dose of 400mg/kg which were comparable with that of sucralfate which showed gastroprotection of 87.9%. In pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, in comparison with the vehicle control group there was significant decrease in total acidity, free acidity, ulcer index, gastric volume and rise in gastric pH were observed in the animals treated with extract at the doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. The plant extract showed highest gastroprotectivity of 71.3% at the dose of 400mg/kg whereas standard drug Omeprazole showed 81.5%. This study showed that ethanolic stem extract of Epipremnum aureum exhibits gastroprotective and antiulcer activity. Therefore, not only confirmed the traditional usage in the treatment of gastric ulcers, also provided the proof that this plant extract can be incorporated in the development of phytoformulations for the treatment of ulcers of the stomach.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessment and evaluation of the gastro-protective activity of polyherbal formulation \u201cMystomate4\xae\u201d against gastric ulcer in experimental laboratory animal

BackgroundUlcer remains a health challenge worldwide with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors as major management therapy. The study investigated the acute, sub-chronic toxicity and gastrointestinal protective activity of a polyherbal formulation (Mystomate4®) used locally in Nigeria.MethodsOral LD50 and the sub-chronic toxicity test were determined in mice and rats. Mice were grouped into 8 groups of 8 mice each. They were dosed a graded concentration of the formulation (1.28, 2.56; 5.12; 10.24; 20.48; 40.96; 81.92; 163.84 g/kg body weight). The graded dose used was arrived at after an initial pilot study. Thereafter doses were chosen around the dose obtained from the pilot study. Animal were dosed orally and observed for sign of toxicity and number of death recorded after 24 h. The sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out for 3 months in rats at a dose of 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg body weight arrived at by titrating down the LD50 value after which some vital tissues were harvested and assessed for toxicity using relevant biomarkers. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated in rats using ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models. Data were analysed with Graph Pad Prism version 5.0 using appropriate statistical method and significant level placed at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe acute toxicity study showed an LD50 result of 22,837.21 g/kg. The sub-chronic toxicity study resulted in a significant reduction in body weight due to significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in feed consumption. Biochemical analyses of the blood samples showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in creatinine and albumin level in the 2.5 mg/kg female group. ALT was significantly increased in all the treated rats except in 2 mg/kg female rats. Alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in high dosed male (HM) group while blood urea:creatinine ratio was significantly lowered in all the treated groups. There was a significant increase in serum TGL in all rats while LDL was significantly increased and decreased in HM and high dosed female (HF) respectively.ConclusionMystomate4® showed significant protection against ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models but did not modify the gastric parameters in pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model. The polyherbal formulation is nontoxic with promising potentials for treating experimental peptic ulcer.

Preliminary Study of Gastroprotective Effect of Aloe perryi and Date Palm Extracts on Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Experimental Rats.

Objective The present study was aimed at investigating the possible antiulcer activities of some natural phytochemicals Aloe perryi leaf extract (APLE) and flower extract (APFE) in addition to the date palm seed extract (DPSE) and the oily samples of DPSE in a pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model using ranitidine as a standard antiulcer drug. Background Peptic ulcer is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder due to hypersecretion of gastric acid. It affects four million people worldwide, and 2-10% of these ulcers are perforated and cause bleeding. This increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. So we aimed to introduce a primary study alternatively safe method for treating peptic ulcer. Materials and Methods Forty-two Wistar Albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into seven groups (6/each). The pylorus ligation was done to induce ulcer in pretreated albino rats. The antiulcer activities of extracts were estimated at different dose levels (250 and 500 mg/kg) using ranitidine as a standard drug (50 mg/kg). Gastric volume, pH, and total and free acidity as well as ulcer index and percentage of ulcer inhibition were measured to elucidate the antiulcerogenic effects. Histological examination of gastric ulcer was also performed. Statistical analysis for the results was done where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Pylorus ligation for 6 h in control rats resulted in gastric ulcer which was indicated by the accumulation of gastric secretion and increased total acidity and decreased pH. The pretreatment of rats with APLE, APFE, and DPSE in addition to the oily samples of DPSE significantly inhibited the ulcers induced by pylorus ligation. These effects were attributed to significant reductions in total and free acidity, ulcer index, and gastric volume while there is a marked decrease in gastric pH (the antisecretory) as well as mucosal strengthening properties of these phytochemicals. Conclusion These findings give these extracts the potential to be a promising tool for the management of gastric ulcer after performing further clinical and experimental studies. Our study demonstrated the promising antiulcer activity of extracts and oils in pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the antiulcer activity of these extracts; however, further investigations may be recommended for full details about this antiulcerogenic capacity.

Antiulcerogenic effect of Methanolic Root Extract of Berberis lycium Linn by Pylorus ligation and Ethanol induced Ulceration

Background: Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately 5-10% of people during their life. In recent years, abundant work has been carried out on herbal medicine to clarify their potential efficacy in gastric ulcer prevention or management. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the methanolic root extract of Berberis lycium in albino rats.&#x0D; Method: The methanolic root extract of Berberis lycium was prepared by hot extraction method. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated and method employed was pylorus ligation and ethanol induced in albino rats. Preliminary methanolic extract of Berberis lycium was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD guideline no. 425. Animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. The animals of Group I served as normal control (vehicle) which received distilled water. Group II and III received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of methanolic root extract, respectively. In pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, various parameters were studied viz. gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index. Ulcer index and percentage inhibition of ulceration was determined for ethanol induced ulcer model. Group IV received Ranitidine at 50 mg/kg was used as the standard drug. Pretreatment of methanol root extract of Berberis lycium showed significant (P˂0.05) decrease in the gastric volume, total acidity and free acidity. However, pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased only at higher dose 500 mg/kg. It showed also significant (P˂0.05) decrease in number of ulcers and ulcer score index in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulceration models.&#x0D; Results: The methanol root extract of Berberis lycium showed a significant reduction in the total acidity, free acidity and acid volume. The efficacy of plant extract at high dose was comparable with the standard drug Ranitidine.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study results support the ethnomedical use of root of Berberis lycium.&#x0D; Keywords: Antiulcer activity, Berberis lycium, Pylorus ligation, Ranitidine, Ulcer Index.

Hydromethanolic Crude Extract of the Leaf of Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A. Rich. (Urticaceae) Acquires Appreciable Antiulcer Effect: Validation for In Vivo Antiulcer Activity.

Background Urtica simensis has been used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease in Ethiopian folkloric medicine by drinking its juice after boiling the semicrushed leaf. To our latest understanding, no in vivo study was available regarding its antiulcer activity. The present study was done to appraise the ulcer-protective and ulcer healing activity of hydromethanolic crude extract of leaf of U. simensis in rats. Methods Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity were carried out using a standard protocol. To validate U. simensis in vivo antiulcer potential pyloric ligature, cold restraint stress and acetic acid-induced ulcer models were employed. The extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg per kg of body weight per day), standard treatment (omeprazole 20 mg/kg/day), and vehicle (distilled water 10 ml/kg/day) were given to treatment, positive, and negative controls by oral gavage, respectively. Parameters were then evaluated accordingly after the humane scarification of rats. Results Any sign of toxicity was not observed in the oral acute toxicity test. The crude extracts exerted a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of ulcer risk compared to the negative control. In the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, its antisecretory activity was in a dose-dependent manner. The highest gastroprotective effect (67.68%) was exhibited by the 400 mg/kg/day dose of 80% methanolic crude extract. Regarding the chronic ulcer model, treatment at a dosage of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day cures ulcers by 33.54%, 58.33%, and 67.07%, respectively, as compared to the negative control groups remarkably. Conclusion The findings of the present study confirmed the safety and a promising in vivo ulcer healing and antiulcerogenic activity of U. simensis, thus supporting the traditional claim. In-depth investigations on the plant, however, are highly recommended.

Phytochemical and Antiulcer potential of Ethanolic leaf extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn.

In the present study Phytochemical, Pharmacological studies were performed. Heliotropium indicum Linn. belongs to family Boraginaceae and commonly known as Leihenbi, Hatisur, devil weed. The leaves have been used as asthma, urticaria, amenorrhea, high blood pressure, fevers, ulcers, and cough etc. The present study includes ethanolic leaves extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn. were investigated for phytochemical screening. The leaves of Heliotropium indicum Linn. were collected from different part of Meghalaya and Assam and cut into small pieces and shade dried. The dried powdered leaves (100gm) were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus by using different solvent by increasing polarity order. Phytochemical screening has been done by standard procedure and showed the presence of alkaloids, glycoside, carbohydrate, flavonoids, and saponins. Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately 5-10% of people during their life. In recent years, abundant work has been carried out on herbal medicine to clarify their potential efficacy in gastric ulcer prevention or management. Here, the present study was carried out to investigate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn. in aspirin plus pylorus ligated ulceration in the albino rats. Two dose levels of the extracts i.e. 250 and 500mg/kg were selected for the further study. In Aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, various parameters were studied viz. gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index. Ranitidine at 50mg/kg was used as the standard drug. Pre-treatment of ethanol extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn. leaves showed a significant decrease in the gastric volume, total acidity, and free acidity. However, pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased only at a higher dose, 500 mg/kg. It showed also a significant decrease in a number of ulcers and ulcer score index in aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced ulceration models. The ethanol extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn. leaves possess significant antiulcer properties in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the antiulcer properties of the extract may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins present in the plant extract with various biological activities. Present work justifies the traditional use of Heliotropium indicum Linn. in treatment of the diverse condition and also indicated its future importance as therapeutic substances.

Evaluation of the Anti-Ulcer Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root of Rumex nepalensis in Rats.

BackgroundRumex nepalensis(RN) Spreng has been used to treat ulcer disease in Ethiopian folk medicine. This study aimed to determine the anti-ulcer activity of hydroalcoholic root crude extract and solvent fractions of R. nepalensis in rats.MethodsThe effect of R. nepalensis crude hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions at doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day) and repeated dosing (200 mg/kg/day for 10 and 20 days) was examined on ulcers in rats in pyloric ligation-, cold restraint stress-, and acetic acid-induced ulcer models. Cimetidine (100 mg/kg/day) and/or Omeprazole (20 mg/kg/day) were used as standard drugs and served as a positive control. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA post hoc followed by a Tukey HSD test with SPSS software version 24.0, and P≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsIn the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, pretreatment with the crude extract significantly reduced the degree of gastric secretions, pH, total acidity, and ulcerations in a dose-dependent manner. Gastroprotection offered by the R. nepalensis 400 mg/kg test extract was comparable to that of the standard. Among fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction at 400 mg/kg had the highest protection of ulcer but the chloroform fraction was ineffective. In the cold restraint stress-induced ulcer model, R. nepalensis at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced the lesion index significantly (P<0.01). With relevant chronic ulcer model treatment, a dose of R. nepalensis at 200 and 400 mg/kg healed ulcers significantly with a curative ratio of 53.22% and 54.59%, respectively.ConclusionFrom this study, it is concluded that hydromethanolic crude extract and solvent fractions of R. nepalensis root showed promising anti-ulcer activity. This upholds its folkloric use. Thus, it is considered as a possible source to develop a new anti-ulcer agent.

BACOSIDE A, WITHANOLIDE A, AND SHATAVARIN IV ARE BENEFICIAL ULCER AND ULCER HEALING ACTIVITY BY MODULATING INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN RATS

In addition to providing effective antiulcer medicines, their suboptimum safety and efficacy also stirs the search for alternative therapies. Repositioning of drugs is an attractive, convenient, and low risk strategy. The Phytoconstituents Bacoside A, Withanolide A and shatavarin IV obtained from the medicinal plants. The purpose of this analysis was to look at the mechanism of action underling the ulcer protective and ulcer healing capability of these phytoconstituents. The acute toxicity experiment was performed to look for the toxicity of the phytoconstituents, gastro protective effect determined using pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, connection of NO, SH and PGE2 were also tested. Peptic ulcer induced by acetic acid model, Western blotting assay (COX-1 and COX-2) was also performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of Phytoconstituents. No mortality was detected at given dosage in the acute toxicity study. In ulcer protective activity the phytoconstituents, Bacoside A and Shatavarin IV at the dose of 200µg/ml/kg, Withanolide A at the dose of 20µg/ml/kg appreciably reduced the ulcer index and ulcer severity in pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, the antiulcer ability involves several mechanisms like, non participation of NO and SH compounds. Improvement of PGE2 range and the up regulation of COX-2 seems to be directly related to the phytoconstituents antisecretory, ulcer-protective effects. These findings accentuate the gastro protective and gastric healing potency of the Phytoconstituents were mediated via concerted multi-pronged actions, including promotion of gastric protection, augmentation of PGE2, up regulation of COX-II.

Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root of Croton macrostachyus Hocsht: Ex Del. (Euphorbiaceae) in Rodents.

Background Peptic ulcer disease causes significant mortality and morbidity. Plant kingdom provides a useful source for the development of new antiulcer agents. Croton macrostachyus is traditionally used to treat peptic ulcer in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate the antiulcer activity of C. macrostachyus root extracts in rodents using different models. Methods The crude extract was obtained by cold maceration in 80% methanol and fractionated with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The antiulcer activity was evaluated using pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model in Sprague Dawley rats and acidified ethanol-induced ulcer model in Swiss albino mice. The test groups received three doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the crude extract and fractions for 7 days before induction of ulcer. Positive controls received omeprazole 30 mg/kg for the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model and sucralfate 100 mg/kg for the acidified ethanol-induced ulcer model. Negative controls received vehicle (2% tween 80). Results The crude hydromethanolic extract of C. macrostachyus showed significant (p < 0.05) antiulcer activity on both pyloric ligation and HCl/ethanol-induced ulcer in rats and mice. It has antisecretary effect (p < 0.001) as well. All three administered doses of chloroform fraction (p < 0.05) and only higher doses of ethyl acetate fraction (p < 0.05) possessed significant antiulcer activity. In contrast, the aqueous fraction did not have significant antiulcer effect at all tested doses. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the crude extract, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions possessed significant dose-dependent antiulcer activity.

Gastroprotective Effect and Chemical Constituents of Flabellaria paniculata (Malpighiaceae)

Leaves from Flabellaria paniculata Cav (Malpighiaceae) are used in traditional medicine for wound dressing, and to treat ulcers and inflammation in Nigeria. The present study evaluates the gastroprotective activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanolic leaf extract and reports on the chemical constituents from the fraction. The methanolic crude extract and solvent fractions (100 mg/kg, PO) were screened using an ethanol-induced ulcer model. The activity of the most active EtOAc fraction (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, PO) was further evaluated in indomethacin and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models. The EtOAc fraction was chromatographed and chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The MeOH extract of F. paniculata and EtOAc fraction from this extract displayed significant gastroprotective effects. Two triterpenoids (friedelin and friedelinol), two steroids (sitosterol and sitosterol-β-d-glucoside), and a flavonoid glycoside (kaempferol-3- O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside) were identified from the EtOAc fraction. This is the first report on the isolation of these compounds from the plant. The identified compounds could be responsible in part for the observed gastroprotective effect of the EtOAc fraction.

GASTRO-PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF FLOWERS OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS (L.) IN MUCOSAL LESION ON RATS

study was conducted to evaluate the gastro-protective activity of aqueous (HAE) and ethanolic (HEE) extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. (Malvaceae) flowers in experimental animals. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were investigated for pylorus ligation and indomethacin induced ulcer models in albino wistar rats. The pH, gastric volume, ulcer index, ulcer score and free and total acidity were determined by pylorus ligation induced ulcer model and ulcer score, ulcer index and percentage protection were determined by Indomethacin induced ulcer model. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were conducted for and it showed that extracts have alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and mucilage. Both the extracts at dose of 200 and 400mg/kg showed significant (P&lt;0.05) reduction in gastric volume (1.20±0.17, 0.83±0.20, 0.90±0.12, 0.96±0.17) and ulcer index (1.50±0.19, 1.33±0.11, 2.16±0.03, 0.75±0.17, 0.92±0.22, 0.31±0.04, 0.42±0.06, 0.19±0.04) as compared to the control group (1.47±0.15, 3.00±0.21, 1.64±0.13) in both of the models. It can be concluded that both the extracts possess gastro-protective activity that might be due the presence of flavanoids, tannins and/or mucilage.

In- vivo diuretic and antiulcer activity in fruits of &lt;em&gt;Buchanania lanzan&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ethnopharmacological relevance:&lt;/strong&gt; The fruits of &lt;em&gt;Buchanania lanzan&lt;/em&gt; are used traditionally in the treatment of skin afflictions, sores, ulcers, inflammation and as diuretic (1,21,35,42). The aim of the study was to investigate the antiulcer and diuretic activity of the crude ethanolic and pet. ether extract from the fruits of &lt;em&gt;Buchanania lanzan&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The antiulcer activity of the crude extracts was evaluated in ethanol and pylorus ligation induced model for gastric lesions in Wister albino rats (2,8,12,19). Parameters such as gastric volume, pH and acidity were determined in the pylorus ligation model. Furthermore the diuretic activity was evaluated in comparison of Standard drug i.e. Furosemide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The acute toxicity studies revealed that LD50&amp;gt; 2000mg/kg for the extract.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The extract caused a significant (p&amp;lt;0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer in the ethanol and pylorus ligation induced ulcer models at the dose of 250mg/kg, respectively. And the diuretic activity of extract also found significant (p&amp;lt;0.01) dose dependent increase in urine volume. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Our data provide a rational base for the folkloric use of &lt;em&gt;Buchanania lanzan&lt;/em&gt; in the treatment of ulcers and as diuretic.&lt;/p&gt;

Alleviation of ascorbic acid-induced gastric high acidity by calcium ascorbate in vitro and in vivo.

Ascorbic acid is one of the most well-known nutritional supplement and antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Calcium ascorbate has been developed to mitigate the gastric irritation caused by the acidity of ascorbic acid. The aim of this study was to compare calcium ascorbate and ascorbic acid, focusing on their antioxidant activity and effects on gastric juice pH, total acid output, and pepsin secretion in an in vivo rat model, as well as pharmacokinetic parameters. Calcium ascorbate and ascorbic acid had similar antioxidant activity. However, the gastric fluid pH was increased by calcium ascorbate, whereas total acid output was increased by ascorbic acid. In the rat pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, calcium ascorbate increased the gastric fluid pH without changing the total acid output. Administration of calcium ascorbate to rats given a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg as ascorbic acid resulted in higher plasma concentrations than that from ascorbic acid alone. The area under the curve (AUC) values of calcium ascorbate were 1.5-fold higher than those of ascorbic acid, and the Cmax value of calcium ascorbate (91.0 ng/ml) was higher than that of ascorbic acid (74.8 ng/ml). However, their Tmax values were similar. Thus, although calcium ascorbate showed equivalent antioxidant activity to ascorbic acid, it could attenuate the gastric high acidity caused by ascorbic acid, making it suitable for consideration of use to improve the side effects of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, calcium ascorbate could be an appropriate antioxidant substrate, with increased oral bioavailability, for patients with gastrointestinal disorders.

Gastroprotective effect and mode of action of methanol extract of Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir (Lamiaceae) leaves on experimental gastric ulcer models

Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C. B. Clarke) Munir, endemic to South Asia, is used by tribal for alleviation from abdominal disorders, inflammation and body pain. However, the gastroprotective properties of this species have not yet been studied. The leaves of S. involucrata were extracted by Soxhlet extraction using different solvents successively and the extracts were analyzed for antioxidant and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities using different in vitro assays. The chemical composition of methanol extract of S. involucrata (MESi) was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The gastroprotective action of the MESi at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were evaluated in absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol (EtOH/HCl) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced rat experimental models. To elucidate the mode of antiulcerogenic action, the antisecretory parameters (gastric juice volume, pH, and total acidity) and the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were evaluated in gastric ulcer tissue. Also the stomachs of the animals were subjected to histological assessment. MESi presented a high antioxidant activity in several oxidants in vitro systems (DPPH•, ABTS•+ and FRAP) and it demonstrated a good spectrum of inhibitory activity against H. pylori growth (MIC, 100 μg/mL). GC–MS analysis of MESi indicated the presence of twenty one compounds, among them phenol (21.84%), hexadecanoic acid (15.96%), (9E, 12E)-9, 12-octadecadienoyl chloride (11.15%) and palmitic acid-β-monoglyceride (8.80%) were found higher. MESi (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant reduction (p < 0.01) of lesion area in the ethanol, acidified ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models. In the pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, the treatment with MESi significantly altered the gastric secretion by decreasing total gastric juice volume and gastric acidity as well as by increasing the gastric pH. MESi pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.05) restored the depleted activity of SOD, CAT enzymes and reduced MDA levels in the gastric tissue as well as the histological analysis of the stomachs of the animals showed that the MESi also prevents local action of offensive factors. Collectively, the present study results suggest that the methanol extract of S. involucrata leaves demonstrates gastroprotective action, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat gastro-intestinal disturbances.

Evaluation of standardized fractions of Basella alba leaves as gastroprotective activity on ulcerated rats

Basella alba L. (Basellaceae) is an Indian spinach (English) which have extensively used in constipation, urticaria, diuretic, demulcent and antiulcers. This study was aimed to evaluate the standardized fractions with kaempferol from ethyl acetate extract of Basella alba leaves as gastroprotective, in vivo antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats. In this work the standardized fractions with kaempferol from ethyl acetate extract i.e. bioactive fraction of Basella alba leaves (BFBA) at a doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/b.w was administered orally bis in die for the treatment of acute ulcer induced by ethanol, aspirin, cold restraint stress and pylorus ligation. The in vivo antioxidant enzymes estimation were carried out in cold restraint stress induced ulcer whereas, gastric secretion and mucosal parameters were estimated in pylorus ligation induced ulcer models. BFBA produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by ethanol (22.82–66.30 %), aspirin (33.16–64.79 %), cold restraint stress (14.55–70.89 %) and pylorus ligation (32.89–69.73 %) respectively as compared to ulcerated control groups. The levels of antioxidant enzymes such as lipid peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were decreases, whereas increases in catalase and glutathione peroxidase values were observed. The results of our studied shown that BFBA possess a significant antiulcer and antisecretory activities probably by reducing the secretion of acids and offering antioxidant protection against oxidative stress-induced gastric damage and by enhancing glycoprotein secretion.

Evaluation of Antiulcer and Antioxidant Activity of Barleria gibsoniDalz. Leaves.

Background:Peptic ulcer is a digestive disorder most commonly found in clinical practice. Given the many side effects of modern medicine, the initial acquisition of fewer side effects, and medication of indigenous drugs, it should be considered as a better alternative for the treatment of peptic ulcer.Objective:To assess antiulcer and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Barleria gibsoni (EBG) Dalz. leaves in ulcer-induced rats and in vitro antioxidants method, respectively.Materials and Methods:Ethanol EBG was screened for antiulcer activity in pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models in Wistar rats. In vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity. Total phenol and flavonoid content in the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically.Results:Oral administration of ethanol extract of leaves at doses of 250, 500 mg/kg p.o. reduced significant gastric lesions induced by pylorus ligation-induced ulcer as compared to standard omeprazole (20 mg/kg p.o.). The IC50 values were found to be 150 μg/mL in leaves extract. The ethanol extracts showed good antioxidant capacity in DPPH radical scavenging assay and NO radical scavenging activity when compared to standard. The total phenolic content using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent estimated in 1 mg of leaves extracts was 368 μg and 481 μg with gallic acid equivalent and also the total flavonoid content found to be 240 and 410 μg, respectively, with quercetin equivalence.Conclusion:These findings suggest that the leaves of B. gibsoni possessed antiulcer potential and antioxidant compared to standard. This is the first ever report of antiulcer and antioxidant activities in B. gibsoni (Acanthaceae).SUMMARY In vivo antiulcer and in vitro antioxidant activity of Barleria gibsoni was evaluated.Soxhelt extraction was carried out and extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis. Extract obtained by Soxhlation showed higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents.EBG showed DPPH and Nitric oxide scavenging activity indicating its strong antioxidant potential.On pylorus ligation-accumulated secretions and the related ulcers confirm gastric acid output to be the basic cause of gastric ulcers. Ethanol extract of leaves attenuated the gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index thus showing the anti-secretory mechanism.The results of the histopathological investigation of Barleria gibsoni leaves for antiulcer effects using pylorus ligation induced ulcer model in rats laid credence to traditional use of the plant leaves in ulcer treatment. The ethanol extract of leaves demonstrated increase in percentage preventive index compared to omeprazole respectively. From the present study results reveals the antiulcer activity of ethanol extract leaves which is comparable to that of Omeprazole. Abbreviations Used: EBG: Ethanol extract prepared from the leaves of B. gibsoni, ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species, DPPH: 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, NO: Nitric Oxide, IC50: The half maximal inhibitory concentration, m: mg, DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, GAE: Gallic acid equivalence, AlCl3: Aluminium chloride

Gastroprotective and antioxidant potentials of ethanolic stem bark extract of Margaritaria discoidea (Euphorbiaceae) in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDecoctions prepared from the bark of Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G. L. Webster (Euphorbiaceae) are used in Nigeria and other parts of West Africa in the treatment of wounds and ulcers. The study was conducted to investigate the gastric ulcer protective effect of ethanolic stem bark extract of M. discoidea in rats. Materials and methodsAntiulcer assays were performed using ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models at the dose of 50, 100 and 150mg/kg, p.o. The antioxidant effect of the extract was evaluated in vitro and by studying its effect on antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) and lipid peroxidation in the stomach tissue of rats in ethanol-induced model. Solvent fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous) from the crude extract were investigated for antiulcerogenic effects in ethanol-induced ulcer model at the dose of 150mg/kg. GC–MS analysis of the active hexane fraction was also carried out. ResultsThe extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced gastric lesion in ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models. The extract had significant influence on in vivo antioxidant status in ethanol-induced model. In pylorus ligation-induced model, only the dose of 150mg/kg showed significant reduction (88.89%, P<0.05) of ulcer lesions. There was no significant reduction in the gastric juice volume and total acidity. The solvent fractions showed ulcer inhibition in varying degrees but significance (P<0.01) was only observed in the hexane fraction. Ethyl esters of palmitic and linoleic acids were found as the major compounds in the GC–MS analysis of the hexane fraction. ConclusionOur results suggest that M. discoidea possesses gastroprotective activity possibly mediated through antioxidant mechanism. The data obtained in this study provide some support to the traditional use of M. discoidea in the treatment of gastric ulcer.

Anti Ulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract & Fresh Juice of Aegle Marmelos Leaves In Wistar Rats.

Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately 5-10% of people during their life. In recent years, abundant work has been carried out on herbal medicine to clarify their potential efficacy in gastric ulcer prevention or management. The objective of present study is to evaluate to antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract (AMEE) & fresh juice of (AMFJ) leaves of Aegle Marmelos. (Family: Rutaceae) in pylorus ligation & Water immersion Stress induced ulceration in the wistar female rats. Pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, various parameters were studied viz. gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index. Ulcer index and percentage inhibition of ulceration was determined for both above mention ulcer models. Ranitidine at 80 mg/kg was used as the standard drug. Pretreatment of AMEE & AMFJ showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the gastric volume, total acidity and free acidity. However, pH of the gastric juice was significantly (P<0.05) increased only at higher dose, 500 mg/kg. It showed also significant (P<0.05) decrease in number of ulcers and ulcer score index in ethanol induced ulceration models. In conclusion the antiulcer properties of the extract may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids (quercetin), alkaloids and tannins present in the plant extract with various biological activities.

OA01.03. Antisecretory and antiulcer activities of eclipta alba linn. In rats

Purpose: Eclipta alba Linn. (Asteraceae) is used traditionally in Indian system of medicine as anti inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, immunomodulator, in wound healing, and as a potent hair growth promoter. The study was aimed to evaluate the antisecretory and gastroprotective effects of 50% ethanol extract of Eclipta alba. Method: Eclipta alba extract (EAE) at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days to prevent from, cold restraint stress (CRS), and pylorus ligation (PL) induced ulcers. Antioxidant studies were performed in CRS induced ulcer model. Gastric wall mucus and secretion parameters like volume of gastric juice, acid output and pH were estimated in PL induced ulcer model. Ranitidine (50mg/kg, p.o.) was used as positive control for comparison. Result: A dose dependent and significant (p <0.05) reduction in lesion index was observed in ulcer-induced rats treated with EAE at various doses when compared with control group in both the models. Gastric wall mucus production was significantly (p<0.05) elevated in EAE treated rats. Significant attenuation in lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity was observed, whereas, catalase enzyme levels were elevated in EAE treated groups. Antisecretory activity of EAE was evidenced by significant reduction in gastric volume, acid output and increase in gastric pH when compared to their control values. The findings were further supported by histopathological examination of stomach in both EAE treated and control rats. Conclusion: The results of the present investigation suggest that ethanol extract of Eclipta alba possesses potent antisecretory and gastroprotective activity. The exact mechanism to be evaluated further but in preliminary observation it was thought to be mediated through free radical scavenging activity.