PV Value Research Articles

Wafer chamfering grinding wheels dressing via dynamic deflection laser beam

Wafer chamfering forming grinding wheels (WCF) is a kind of V-shaped circular groove forming wheel with a large diameter and small grooves. In this study, a dynamic deflection laser beam method is presented to improve the dressing quality of WCF. The compensation effect of deflected laser on the surface laser energy density of materials was analyzed, and the blocking effect caused by oversized deflection angle of laser beam was analyzed. A C-W model was proposed for laser dressing of WCF. Based on C-W model, trajectory planning for laser dressing was carried out, and dressing experiments were completed. The results show that the contour transition of the grinding wheel is more smooth. Compared to single direct laser beam dressing method and static deflection laser dressing method, the contour exhibits better roundness and the PV values reduced to 5.1μm. Surface observation revealed strip-shaped patterns and some flocculent metamorphic layer. The SEM result shows that there are no obvious crack defects on the surface.

Optimizing Bleaching Process Parameters of Distillers Corn Oil for edible applications using a response surface methodology

The bleaching process is aimed at removing pigments, traces of metals, and residual phospholipids to improve the color, stability, and quality of the oil. Distillers corn oil (DCO) contains lots of β-carotene that are beneficial but no study has focused on optimizing the removal of pigments while minimizing the loss of β-carotene. Hence, a response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design was used to study the effect of the process parameters during bleaching. The process parameters were dosage of bleaching clay (1 − 3%), time (5 − 25 min), and temperature (90 − 110 °C) for neutralized DCO on the laboratory scale. The optimal parameters were bleaching clay dosage of 1.2%, time of 23.2 min, and temperature of 99.1 °C. The β-carotene reduced from 0.2% to 36%, red color reduced from 27% to 88%, and yellow color reduced from 0% to 83%. The PV values of the bleached oil sample ranged from 1.7 to 9.4 meq O2/kg. The quality of DCO at the optimal bleaching level was compared with conventional edible corn oil. The models developed was used to identify the precise balance between enhancing color removal and maintaining beneficial nutritional values.

FUZZY LOGIC-BASED POWER MANAGEMENT IN GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS

With the ever-increasing application of photovoltaic systems on the power grid, energy flow management and grid stability have become a key factor, especially under varying conditions like variable cloud cover and fluctuating load demands. The paper looks forward to proposing a fuzzy logic approach to the management of energy regarding a solar energy system connected to a grid, aiming at obtaining an optimised power distribution among PV generation, the grid, and battery storage. The proposed system will be driven by five input parameters, PV value, grid availability, load demand, battery state of charge, and tariff rate, to regulate the energy flow activity within different scenarios. The simulation results developed in the MATLAB Simulink environment proved the effectiveness of the applied controller in maintaining energy stability and fulfilling the requirements of a load within seven case studies for a 24-hour duration. The work points out the potential of fuzzy logic, besides reliability, in enhancing the efficiency of various renewable energy systems integrated with conventional energy supply grids.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0799/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Improvement of wire marks on the surface of Si3N4 ceramics cut by diamond wire saw

The presence of wavy wire marks on the cut surface of silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics reduces the mechanical properties of the slices and increases the workload of subsequent grinding and polishing processes. To improve the wire marks, a workpiece reciprocating movement-assisted diamond wire sawing (RMA-DWS) technology is proposed in this paper. While diamond wire sawing the Si3N4 ceramics, the workpiece is moved back and forth in the direction of the saw wire movement to assist in sawing. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were carried out to analyze the characteristics of the surface created by this sawing technology. The effects of workpiece reciprocating movement distance, workpiece reciprocating movement speed, saw wire speed and feed speed on the sawn surface morphology, surface roughness Ra and wire marks PV value, as well as the primary and secondary relationships of the effects, were investigated. And the optimal parameter combinations were explored. The results show that within the range of process parameters studied in this paper, the surface morphology of Si3N4 ceramics slices shows a comprehensive effect of material ductility and brittleness removal, the RMA-DWS technology can improve wire marks on the slice surface. Surface wire marks PV value can be reduced by increasing the workpiece reciprocating movement distance and saw wire speed, reducing the feed speed, while increasing the reciprocating movement speed of the workpiece, the PV value shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The variation amplitude of surface roughness Ra value is not significant, and the variation trend is roughly similar to the change trend of PV value. It was determined that the experiment with the process parameters combination of 0.1 m/min feed speed, 90 mm workpiece reciprocating distance, 15 mm/s workpiece reciprocating speed and 1400 m/min saw wire speed yielded the optimal result, significantly improving the wire marks of the sliced surface. The results of this paper provide ideas for the development of sawing wire marks improvement technology.

Research on the Magnetorheological Finishing Technology of a High-Steepness Optical Element Based on the Virtual-Axis and Spiral Scanning Path.

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) of aspherical optical elements usually requires the coordination between the translational axes and the oscillating axes of the machine tool to realize the processing. For aspheric optical elements whose steepness exceeds the machining stroke of the equipment, there is still no better method to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency error convergence. To solve this problem, an MRF method combining virtual-axis technology and a spiral scanning path is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the distribution law of the magnetic induction intensity inside the polishing wheel is analyzed by simulation, the stability of the removal efficiency of the removal function within the ±7∘ angle of the normal angle of the polishing wheel is determined, and MRF is expanded from traditional single-point processing to circular arc segment processing. Secondly, the spiral scanning path is proposed for aspherical rotational symmetric optical elements, which can reduce the requirements of the number of machine tool axes and the dynamic performance of machine tools. Finally, an aspherical fused silica optical element with a curvature radius of 400 mm, K value of -1, and aperture of 100 mm is processed. The PV value of this optical element converges from 189.2 nm to 24.85 nm, and the RMS value converges from 24.85 nm to 5.74 nm. The experimental results show that the proposed combined process has the ability to modify curved optical elements and can be applied to ultra-precision machining of high-steepness optical elements.

Comparative evaluation of pore volume compressibility of carbonate reservoir rocks: different laboratory measurement approaches

The pore volume compressibility (C PV) of a reservoir plays an essential role in estimating the reserve oil and recovery factor. Therefore, selecting an appropriate laboratory measurement approach for determining the C PV is crucial. This study aims to compare three different routine approaches to C PV measurement. Fifty-eight carbonate core plug samples with diverse porosity from the Sarvak Formation in the Southwest of Iran were selected. The measurements were performed at different saturation, pressure, and temperature conditions in triaxial core holders. Results show that samples with the lowest porosity have the highest compressibility value, and samples with the highest porosity have the lowest value. Furthermore, the compressibility measured on brine-saturated cores at pressure and temperature conditions was higher than only brine-saturated, and consequently higher than dry core plugs. Hence, the measurement methods and approaches severely affect the resultant compressibility. The values obtained at representative reservoir conditions are advised to be utilized in simulation and modeling studies. A novel reciprocal model was also proposed to appropriately correlate the data with porosity. The results of this work give insight into the selection of the best laboratory measurement approach to estimate the actual C PV value in reservoir conditions, especially at varying pore pressure and temperature.

Effect of pv factor on carbo-graphite and copper impregnated carbo-graphite material under dry conditions

This study investigates the tribological behaviour of copper-impregnated carbo-graphite (ICG) compared to plain carbo-graphite (CG) under various parameter-product (PV) values and temperatures. Impregnation significantly enhanced ICG's hardness (70%) and reduced porosity (98.6%) compared to CG. The CoF for CG was lower than that for ICG attributed to the formation of a lubricating graphite-rich tribo-film that facilitated easy shearing at the contact interface. The wear mechanisms for CG at elevated temperatures were identified as adhesion, oxidation and delamination, likely exacerbated by the material's softening. In contrast, ICG exhibited superior wear resistance, attributed to its higher hardness and the formation of a protective tribo-layer containing copper and graphite. This tribo-layer offered a low-shear interface at lower PV values, reducing friction. However, at higher PV values, ICG wear increased due to abrasion and adhesion. Overall, copper impregnation offers a promising strategy to improve the wear resistance of carbo-graphite, particularly at elevated temperatures.

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaus vannamei) treated with chitooligosaccharide-catechin conjugate with the aid of prior pulse electric field and vacuum impregnation: Quality and microbial diversity during refrigerated storage

Quality of Pacific white shrimp (PWS) soaked in chitooligosaccharide-catechin (CHOS-CAT) conjugate at varying concentrations (1.0 and 2.0%, w/v) and those treated with CHOS-CAT conjugate at aforementioned concentrations with the aid of pulsed electric field (PEF) and vacuum impregnation (VI) was studied when stored at 4 °C for 15 days. Among all treatments, a lower melanosis score of 7 was found in the samples when pre-treated with PEF, followed by soaking in CHOS-CAT conjugate at 2% (w/v) with VI (CC-PV-2) than other samples after 15 days of storage (p < 0.05). Total viable bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, presumptive Pseudomonas, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, other Vibrio sp., H2S-producing bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae counts of CC-PV-2 were lower than other samples at the end of storage (day 15). CC-PV-2 exhibited the lowest TVB-N and TMA-N contents, PV, and TBARS value when compared to the control and other treated samples throughout the storage (p < 0.05). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were retained at a substantial amount in the CC-PV-2 at the end of storage. In addition, next generation sequencing revealed a low percentage of spoilage bacteria such as Shewanella and Pseudomonas and pathogenic bacteria namely Vibrio sp. in the CC-PV-2. Also, CHOS-CAT conjugate showed hydrogen bonding with various targeted proteins of bacteria, as elucidated using molecular docking, verifying its bacterial inhibitory potential. CC-PV-2 had a shelf-life of at least 12 days, while the control could be kept only for 3 days. Overall, the application of CHOS-CAT conjugate with the aid of PEF and VI led to the enhanced quality and extended shelf-life of refrigerated PWS.

Study on the polishing performance and mechanism of sapphire wafers by different types of degradable surfactants

Traditional chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) slurry suffers from significant environmental pollution, and easy reaggregation of ultra-fine abrasives, all of which hinder its further application. In this study, the processing performance and mechanism of three different degradable surfactants to sapphire wafers were investigated, utilizing degradable aminomethylpropanol and xylitol as pH regulator and complexing agent of polishing slurry, respectively, which is aimed at solving the problem of the easy agglomeration of ultra-fine abrasives while achieving the super-precision and pollution-free process of sapphire wafers. After polishing, the surface roughness (Sa) of sapphire wafers decreases from 7.240 nm to 0.396 nm, which is 44.8 % lower than that without surfactant. Only <1 nm is the PV value, and there is a 12.9 % increase in the material removal rate. The action mechanism of biodegradable surfactants during CMP was revealed through TEM, XPS, electrochemical testing, contact angle measurement, and particle size analysis. The results showed that surfactants can effectively improve the wettability of the polishing slurry on the wafer and the dispersity of the ultra-fine abrasives in the slurry, thus facilitating the interfacial reaction between the sapphire surface and polishing slurry and the homogeneity of the material removal. This work truly realizes a green and pollution-free process that meets the requirements of ultra-smooth and efficient polishing of sapphire wafers.

Phytochemical, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition and sensory properties of roasted coffee mixed with various quantities of pomposia fruit (Syzygium cumini L.) powder

PurposeThis study aims to find out how pomposia fruit powder (Syzygium cumini L.) mixed with roasted coffee (RCO) affected antioxidants, phytochemicals, lipid peroxidation inhibition and sensory attributes.Design/methodology/approachPomposia fruits (Syzygium cumini L.) powder (PFP) was integrated with RCO at levels of 0.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0%. RCO, PFP and binary mixtures containing RCO: PFP were evaluated for their total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), anthocyanin content (AC), antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds fractionation. The oxidative indices of coffee oil samples were measured throughout different storage intervals. Additionally, sensory characteristics of RCO enriched with different PFP doses were evaluated.FindingsPFP samples exhibited the greatest TP content (1910 mg/100 g), whereas RCO samples had the lowest concentration (1090 mg/100 g). As more PFP was added, the corresponding coffee blends’ concentrations of TP, TF and AC were improved significantly. PFP possesses a radical-scavenging activity that is about 1.20 times more than RCO’s. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity jumped significantly from 74.13% in control (untreated) samples to 77.64%, 78.39% and 80.15% for samples enriched with 10.0%, 15.0% and 20% PFP, respectively. Significant increases in gallic acid, hesperidine, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, hispertin, catechol, quercetin, pyrogallol and rutin were detected when RCO was mixed with different quantities of PFP. At the end of storage trial, the coffee oil treated with 20% PFP had AV, PV and TBA values that were about 1.70, 1.95 and 1.66 times lower, respectively, than those of the control sample that had not had PFP addition. The RCO with 5.0% PFP achieved the greatest over acceptability grades.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study was the first study to evaluate the effect of incorporating various level of pomposia fruit powder into RCO. The findings shows that adding different concentrations of pomposia fruit powder into RCO can indeed enhance the radical-scavenging activity of the coffee and potentially extend its shelf life.

Effect of low-dose irradiation on lipid quality and fatty acid composition in vacuum-packed hot smoked trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets during cold storage

The effects of gamma irradiation at different doses (0, 3 and 5 kGy) on lipid quality and fatty acid composition in vacuum-packed hot smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets during cold storage (2 °C) were investigated. The major fatty acids were identified as palmitic, oleic, linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA). The fatty acid compositions were not affected by the irradiation process initially. However, the increase on the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) of irradiated fillets was higher than the control group at the end of the storage. While a significant decrease was observed in the control group of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), no change was observed in the groups irradiated with 3 and 5 kGy doses at the end of the storage. The TBA values of 0, 3 and 5 kGy irradiated groups were 1.27, 1.46 and 1.58 mg MA / kg, respectively, the PV values were 6.12, 9.18 and 9.97 meq / kg and the FFA values were 5.36%, 5.67% and 6.10%, respectively, at the end of the storage. Using a combination of techniques to various processed or fresh seafood products will likely play a significant role in enhancing the manufacture of safe meals with extended shelf lives.

Precision glass molding technology for XY polynomial freeform optical elements with simulations and experiments.

Precision glass molding (PGM) technology, as an effective method for mass-producing glass lenses, is relatively mature in the molding process of aspheric lenses, but the glass molding technology for freeform optical elements is still in its infancy. For freeform optical elements, processing by conventional ultra-precision methods requires multiple processes and the resulting costs are high, while processing by PGM is efficient and inexpensive. Therefore, this paper investigates the molding technology of freeform lenses, the pre-compensation model of the freeform mold core is established, and predicts the residual stresses of freeform lenses after molding by the finite element method. Three different process parameters, molding temperature, molding rate and molding force, are verified. Experimental and simulation results show that the trends of residual stresses for the three process parameters are consistent. The optimal process parameters of the molding process are determined, under which the PV value of the molding lens is around 1.5µm. The experimental results show that the PV value of the molded lens is reduced to less than 1µm after using the pre-compensated mold core, which proves the validity of the pre-compensated model.

Investigation of antioxidant edible coating and modified atmosphere packaging for enhancing storability of hazelnut kernels

This study investigated the effects of antioxidant edible coating and modified atmosphere packaging for improving storability of dried hazelnut kernels by delaying lipid oxidation and color degradation. Hazelnut kernels were coated with different coating matrix (methylcellulose and chitosan) that contain different antioxidant substances (DL-α-tocopherol acetate, cinnamon essential oil, rosemary essential oil and hazelnut oil) and subjected to an accelerated storage condition at 35 °C for 270 days. Hazelnut kernels were also packed under modified atmosphere (MAP) with 100 % N2 in mylar bags and stored at 35 °C for 180 days. Lipid oxidation (free fatty acids, K232 and K270, peroxide values) and color (browning index) were measured for investigating quality changes during the storage. The free fatty acids of kernels from two packaging experiments remained stable during storage. K232 value of MAP kernels was significantly lower (2.20) than that of control (2.90) at the end of the storage, showing delayed production of conjugated dienes. The chitosan based edible coating with encapsulated cinnamon essential oil and oleic acid (CH/ECO/OA) resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower PV values (0.53 meq/kg oil), and all the coated samples had the positive effect on reducing browning index with 12–25 compared with control. K270 (0.04–0.18) remained relatively low throughout the long-term storage. As a result, modified atmosphere packaging performed better than edible coatings. This study demonstrated the importance of implicating proper postharvest technology for reducing lipid oxidation and quality deteriorations of hazelnut kernels during prolonged storage.

Analysis of AgNPs@AuNPs/GO’s Impact on Water-Based Drilling Muds and Comparison with Graphane, GO, AuNPs/GO’s Effects: Labs Research

We investigateed the effect of AgNPs@AuNPs/GO on the rheological and filtration properties of sodium-bentonite water based drilling muds (Na-bentonite WBDM) and compared the possible effects of graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene oxide functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/GO) on Na-bentonite WBDM. Graphene, AuNPs, AgNPs, GO, AuNPs/GO, and AgNPs@AuNPs/GO were initially synthesized, and subsequently subjected to scanning electron microscopy, tranmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, reflection absoprtion infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization. At a rate of 0.0005% to 0.01% (w/v), synthesized and described nanoparticles were added to Na-bentonite WBDM. Rheological and filtration loss analyses of the nanomaterial-containing Na-bentonite WBDM were then performed following American Petroleum Institute Standards. According to the study’s findings, adding graphene and AgNPs/GO to drilling mud at varying rates did not have any influence on PV values when compared to spud mud; however, adding GO and AgNPs@AuNPs/GO had a positive effect of 67% and 33%. Furthermore, the addition of graphene, GO, AuNPs/GO, and AgNPs@AuNPs/GO increased the AV values by 17.6%, 44%, 18.75%, 26%, YP values; by 44.4%, 44%, 30%, 22%, 10 s values; by 55.5%, 33%, 30%, 66.6%, 10 min values; by 30.7%, 43%, 42%, 46%, filtration loss values; by 10%, 9.52%, 8.4%, 3.84%.

Novel Tools for Single Comparative and Unified Evaluation of Qualitative and Quantitative Bioassays: SS/PV-ROC and SS-J/PV-PSI Index-ROC Curves with Integrated Concentration Distributions, and SS-J/PV-PSI Index Cut-Off Diagrams.

Background: This investigation is both a study of potential non-invasive diagnostic approaches for the bladder cancer biomarker UBC® Rapid test and a study including novel comparative methods for bioassay evaluation and comparison that uses bladder cancer as a useful example. The objective of the paper is not to investigate specific data. It is used only for demonstration, partially to compare ROC methodologies and also to show how both sensitivity/specificity and predictive values can be used in clinical diagnostics and decision making. This study includes ROC curves with integrated cut-off distribution curves for a comparison of sensitivity/specificity (SS) and positive/negative predictive values (PPV/NPV or PV), as well as SS-J index/PV-PSI index-ROC curves and SS-J/PV-PSI index cut-off diagrams (J = Youden, PSI = Predictive Summary Index) for the unified direct comparison of SS-J/PV results achieved via quantitative and/or qualitative bioassays and an identification of optimal separate or unified index cut-off points. Patients and Methods: According to the routine diagnostics, there were 91 patients with confirmed bladder cancer and 1152 patients with no evidence of bladder cancer, leading to a prevalence value of 0.073. This study performed a quantitative investigation of used-up test cassettes from the visual UBC® Rapid qualitative point-of-care assay, which had already been applied in routine diagnostics. Using a photometric reader, quantitative data could also be obtained from the test line of the used cassettes. Interrelations between SS and PV values were evaluated using cumulative distribution analysis (CAD), SS/PV-ROC curves, SS-J/PV-PSI index-ROC curves, and the SS-J/PV-PSI index cut-off diagram. The maximum unified SS-J/PV-PSI index value and its corresponding cut-off value were determined and calculated with the SS-J/PV-PSI index cut-off diagram. Results: The use of SS/PV-ROC curves with integrated cut-off concentration distribution curves provides improved diagnostic information compared to "traditional" ROC curves. The threshold distributions integrated as curves into SS/PV-ROC curves and SS-J/PV-PSI index-ROC curves run in opposite directions. In contrast to the SS-ROC curves, the PV-ROC and the novel PV-PSI index-ROC curves had neither an area under the curve (AUC) nor a range from 0% to 100%. The cut-off level of the qualitative assay was 7.5 µg/L, with a sensitivity of 65.9% and a specificity of 63.3%, and the PPV was 12.4% and the NPV was 95.9%, at a threshold value of 12.5 µg/L. Based on these set concentrations, the reader-based evaluation revealed a graphically estimated 5% increase in sensitivity and a 13% increase in specificity, as compared to the visual qualitative POC test. In the case of predictive values, there was a gain of 8% for PPV and 10% for NPV. The index values and cut-offs were as follows: visual SS-J index, 0.328 and 35 µg/L; visual PV-PSI index, 0.083 and 5.4 µg/L; maximal reader Youden index, 0.0558 and 250 µg/L; and maximal PV-PSI index, 0.459 and 250 µg/L, respectively. The maximum unified SS-J/PV-PSI index value was 0.32, and the cut-off was 43 µg/L. The reciprocal SS-J index correctly detected one out of three patients, while the reciprocal PV-PSI index gave one out of twelve patients a correct diagnosis. Conclusions: ROC curves including cut-off distribution curves supplement the information lost in "traditionally plotted" ROC curves. The novel sets of ROC and index-ROC curves and the new SS/PV index cut-off diagrams enable the simultaneous comparison of sensitivity/specificity and predictive value profiles of diagnostic tools and the identification of optimal cut-off values at maximal index values, even in a unifying SS/PV approach. Because the curves within an SS-J/PV-PSI index cut-off diagram are distributed over the complete cut-off range of a quantitative assay, this field is open for special clinical considerations, with the need to vary the mentioned clinical diagnostic parameters. Complete or partial areas over the x-axis (AOX) can be calculated for summarized quantitative or qualitative effectivity evaluations with respect to single and/or unified SS-J and PV-PSI indices and with respect to single, several, or several unified assays. The SS-J/PV-PSI index-AOX approach is a new tool providing additional joint clinical information, and the reciprocal SS-J indices can predict the number of patients with a correct diagnosis and the number of persons who need to be examined in order to correctly predict a diagnosis of the disease. These methods could be used in applications like medical or plant epidemiology, machine learning algorithms, and neural networks.

New highly efficient perovskite solar cell with power conversion efficiency of 31% based on Ca3NI3 and an effective charge transport layer

The fascinating structural, optical, and electronic features of calcium nitrogen iodide (Ca3NI3) make it an attractive material for developing absorbers for efficient and reasonably priced applications involving solar cells. Potential applications as an absorber layer in heterostructure solar cells for the perovskite material Ca3NI3 have been thoroughly studied theoretically. For the Ca3NI3 absorber-based cell structure with CdS as the ETL layer, the best PV values were discovered using the SCAPS-1D simulator. Working temperatures, interface densities of active materials, doping densities, and layer thicknesses were all carefully considered while analyzing the PV performance. It was also possible to find the quantum efficiency (QE), generation and recombination rates, and current density-voltage (J-V). The structure composed of Al/FTO/CdS/Ca3NI3/Ni demonstrated a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.31%. With CdS serving as the electron transport layer (ETL), the high efficiency was matched by a current density (JSC) of 43.590813 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 81.68%, and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.8793 V. This work contributes to a better understanding of the potential of Ca3NI3 in heterostructure perovskite solar cells, which will facilitate the creation of more robust and efficient PSC devices.

Application of electrospinning to fabricate phycocyanin- and Spirulina extract-loaded gliadin fibers for active food packaging

This study explored the active food packaging application of phycocyanin- and Spirulina extract-loaded gliadin electrospun fibers (GPhy and GSPE5%). SEM findings confirmed that the morphology of fibers was tubular, showing the GPhy and GSPE5% as the optimum fibers. The loading efficiencies of GPhy and GSPE5% were also around 90%, which proved the well-incorporated compounds within the fibers. Simulation results of α-gliadin dissolved in acetic acid illustrated the denaturation of the protein. FTIR and TGA confirmed that after electrospinning the chemical/structural changes and enhanced thermostabilities occurred, respectively. Antibacterial and antioxidant tests detected higher bactericidal and antioxidative effects of GSPE5% than GPhy. In the application part, it was found that GPhy and GSPE5% were able to decrease PV and TBA values as the indications of walnut kernels' protection from lipid oxidation. This work shows a facile and an efficient way to fabricate active food packaging materials using electrospinning and natural compounds.

The influence of triglyceride and low-density-lipoprotein target levels on microcirculation: Is there a difference?

Background and aimsThis study aimed to validate the role of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and triglyceride [TG] treatment target levels on the microcirculation in a very high and high cardiovascular risk group. Methods119 patients with high or very high cardiovascular [CV] risk were included. We have registered the main co-morbidities, smoking habits, body mass index [BMI] and the lipid lowering medication. Hematocrit, whole blood viscosity [WBV] and plasma viscosity [PV], red blood cell [RBC] aggregation and deformability and fibrinogen, total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], LDL-C and TG levels were determined. ResultsThe investigation found significantly higher PV values in patients with non-target LDL-C, associated with higher fibrinogen level. Non-target TG was related to deteriorated microcirculatory parameters, as significantly higher RBC aggregation, lower RBC deformability, and higher WBV and PV. The main microcirculatory benefit in diabetes could be gained from target level of TG, in chronic coronary syndrome [CCS] patients it is more advantageous to reach both LDL-C and TG target. ConclusionThe results could highlight, that TG should play a role in failing microcirculation and cause potentially life-threatening complications, which would worsen the survival and quality of life of high or very high risk CV patients.

Differences In The Effectiveness Of Brain Exercises And Beapreation Therapy On Cognitive Function In Elderly In Bujel Village Kediri City In 2023

Elderly or old age is the final stage in the human life cycle. Those in this age range will begin to experience degenerative decline in all body systems, one of which is cognitive function. Serious treatment efforts are needed to maintain cognitive function in the elderly in society. One way is by applying complementary therapy. One of them is by applying behavioral therapy and brain exercises. Both of these therapies are able to improve the brain for calculus, memory, concentration etc. This research aims to find out the differences between brain exercises and behavioral therapy on cognitive function in the elderly in the Bujel sub-district, Kediri City in 2023. The population in this study is 45 elderly people in the Bujel sub-district. The sample in the study was 25 people in group 1 with behavioral therapy treatment and 20 people in group 2 with brain exercises using the sampling method using the total population. The research design used was pre-experiment with a two group pre-posttest and post-posttest method. The instrument used is the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Bivariate analysis uses the Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests. The results of the research. The statistics obtained are: in group 1: p 0.00 &lt; 0.05. There is an influence of beapreasi therapy on cognitive function in the elderly in Bujel sub-district, Kediri City in 2023. Before carrying out beapreasi therapy, most respondents experienced a mild decline in cognitive function. Meanwhile, after undergoing behavioral therapy, the majority of respondents had normal cognitive function. In group 2, the Pv value was obtained: 0.005 so that Pv&lt;a concluded that there was an influence of brain exercise on cognitive function in the elderly. After comparing the results in the two groups, the value Pv: 0.000 was obtained, it was concluded that Pv &lt;a. There are differences in the effect of the two therapies on cognitive function in the elderly. Appreciation therapy is better at improving cognitive function in the elderly compared to brain exercises, although the difference is very minimal. These two therapies are able to improve brain function by providing proper exercise and oxygenation patterns to the brain. It is hoped that brain exercises and behavioral therapy can be carried out regularly by elderly people in the community.

Shelf life extending of probiotic beef patties with polylactic acid-ajwain essential oil films and stress effects on Bacillus coagulans.

Meat and meat products are prone to the microbial and chemical spoilage, due to the high nutritional content. This study investigated the effect of polylactic acid (PLA) films incorporated with ajwain essential oil (AEO) on microbial (total viable count [TVC], psychrotrophic bacterial count [PTC], Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., yeast and mold (Y&M), and also Bacillus coagulans [BCG]), chemical (pH, peroxide value [PV], thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance [TBARS], and TVN values), and sensorial properties of beef patties, as well as survivability of BCG during refrigerated storage. Results showed that all microbial counts of samples were significantly increased, except BCG, during storage but the lowest TVC of samples was achieved in samples wrapped with PLA-1% AEO (8logcolony forming units per gram [CFU/g]) at 12th of storage, which is significantly lower than control treatments (10.66logCFU/g). The best results in all treatments are those wrapped by PLA-1% AEO in all evaluated characteristics. At the final day of storage, PTC (8.82logCFU/g), Enterobacteriaceae (5.05logCFU/g), Pseudomonas spp. (9.08logCFU/g), Y&M (4.69logCFU/g), and also pH (4.5), PV (5.12meq/kg), TBARS (2.92MDA/kg), and TVN (14.43mgN/100g) values of PLA-1% AEO treatments were significantly lower than control samples. AEO-PLA films reduce the survival of BCG in raw patties, which reached 6.19logCFU/g in PLA-1% AEO treatments, although increasing the concentration of AEO in packaging PLA films led to the maintenance of BCG viability during the cooking process by increasing the AEO in PLA films. Overall, results showed shelf life of beef patties is extended 3 days more (150%) by wrapping with PLA films incorporated with 1% AEO.