Push Down Research Articles

Comparative Study between Ear Lobe Push Down Versus Ear Lobe Transposition in Microtia Reconstruction

Comparative Study between Ear Lobe Push Down Versus Ear Lobe Transposition in Microtia Reconstruction

Exploring the Resurgence of the Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Literature Review.

The underlying principles of preservation rhinoplasty (PR) center around maintaining the soft tissue envelope, dorsum, and alar cartilage through surgical manipulations and tip suture techniques. In particular, the let-down (LD) and push-down (PD) techniques have been described, although reports of indications and outcomes in the literature are sparse. A systematic review of the literature was performed using search terms "preservation" OR "let down" OR "push down" AND "rhinoplasty" on PubMed, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases. Patient demographic information, operative details, and surgical outcomes were recorded. Sub-cohorts for patients who underwent LD and PD techniques were analyzed utilizing Fischer's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t test for continuous variables. Overall, there were 5967 PR patients in 30 studies in the final analysis, with 307 patients in the PD cohort and 529 patients in the LD cohort. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation Questionnaire showed a significant increase of patient satisfaction after PR compared to before PR (62.13 vs 91.14; p < 0.001). There was a significantly lower rate of residual dorsal hump or recurrence of 1.3% (n = 4) in the PD when compared to 4.6% (n = 23) in LD cohorts (p = 0.02). The revision rate of PD (0%, n = 0) was also significantly lower than that of LD (5.0%, n = 25) (p < 0.001). Based on these published articles, it seems that preservation rhinoplasty is safe and efficacious procedure with improved dorsal aesthetic lines, reduced dorsal contour irregularities, and claimed excellent patient satisfaction. In particular, the PD technique has fewer reported complications and revisions than LD approach, although PD is often indicated in patients with smaller dorsal humps. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Development of a Tuber Planter to Plant and Push Down Sweetpotato Seed Tubers

Development of a Tuber Planter to Plant and Push Down Sweetpotato Seed Tubers

Commentary on: Expanding Indications for Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty With Cartilage Conversion Techniques.

After the “Revolution Rhinoplasty” 1 editorial published together with the “Push Down Reassessed” article,2 clarifying the respective indications of rhinoplasty procedures dedicated to aesthetic profile lines, surgical achievement took an important step. The former article was analyzing the main author’s experience in dorsum preservation procedures, reminding the rhinoplasty surgeons that, besides structure rhinoplasty and dorsum resection following Joseph, there were other options in lowering and fine-tuning the dorsum lines, known as preservation rhinoplasty (PR). Many articles are currently published on this topic, and it is also discussed at many organization meetings and webinars. A few surgeons are publishing their experience, thus enriching the literature.3-9 However, the enthusiasm that has been ignited by this publication may have sometimes led to overdoing procedures associated with inherent risk related to inexperienced surgeons performing a new rhinoplasty technique. The combination of these events would inevitably lead to an excess of indications and...

Reducing Dorsal Hump Recurrence Following Push Down-Let Down Rhinoplasty.

Hump recurrence is a commonly encountered problem following dorsal preservation (DP) rhinoplasty when surgeons are learning the procedure. The aim of this paper was to compare the different methods for the prevention and treatment of dorsal problems following DP surgery. One hundred and fifty primary rhinoplasty patients were included in our study. Their noses were classified in terms of both hump shape (V- or S-shaped) and height. All patients had a DP rhinoplasty by either a push-down (PD) or a let-down (LD) technique. The PD method was used for humps <4 mm and the LD for humps >4 mm. Follow-up evaluations were made with physical examination and photographs at 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months. Mean follow-up was 12.68 [1.78] months. Seventy-eight humps were V-shaped and 72 were S-shaped. PD was used for 67 cases, LD for 83 cases. Eight patients (5.3%, 8/150) had a visible dorsal hump problem after DP surgery. Based on their preoperative hump shape, 3 cases were V-shaped and 5 were S-shaped. All recurrent cases had a preoperative hump deformity >4 mm. The revision procedures were as follows: 4 patients had a PD procedure, 3 had a LD procedure, and 1 patient was treated by classic open resection rhinoplasty. There is a correlation between preoperative hump height and eventual hump recurrence. The complication rate can be decreased with additional technical maneuvers and proper patient selection.

In-vitro reconfigurability of native chemical automata, the inclusiveness of their hierarchy and their thermodynamics

Living systems process information using chemistry. Computations can be viewed as language recognition problems where both languages and automata recognizing them form an inclusive hierarchy. Chemical realizations, without using biochemistry, of the main classes of computing automata, Finite Automata (FA), 1-stack Push Down Automata (1-PDA) and Turing Machine (TM) have recently been presented. These use chemistry for the representation of input information, its processing and output information. The Turing machine uses the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillatory reaction to recognize a representative Context-Sensitive Language (CSL), the 1-PDA uses a pH network to recognize a Context Free Language (CFL) and a FA for a Regular Language (RL) uses a precipitation reaction. By chemically reconfiguring them to recognize representative languages in the lower classes of the Chomsky hierarchy we illustrate the inclusiveness of the hierarchy of native chemical automata. These examples open the door for chemical programming without biochemistry. Furthermore, the thermodynamic metric originally introduced to identify the accept/reject state of the chemical output for the CSL, can equally be used for recognizing CFL and RL by the automata. Finally, we point out how the chemical and thermodynamic duality of accept/reject criteria can be used in the optimization of the energetics and efficiency of computations.

Impact of Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty Versus Dorsal Hump Resection on the Internal Nasal Valve: a Quantitative Radiological Study.

This study evaluates the impact of different hump takedown techniques, namely the conventional hump resection with midvault reconstruction, the push-down (PD) and the let-down (LD) procedures, on the INV dimensions. In this cadaveric study, six heads were divided randomly into either the conventional hump resection technique (Group A; n = 6 sides) or DPR techniques (n = 6 sides). This latter group was subdivided such that initially a PD procedure was performed (Group B; n = 6 sides), followed by a LD procedure on the same heads (Group C; n = 6 sides). A validated radiological method was used to measure the INV angle and cross-sectional area (CSA) in a modified coronal plane both pre- and post-procedurally. Group A did not show significant reduction in the INV angle nor in CSA (p = 0.068 and p = 0.156, respectively). In the push-down group (B), we observed a mean change of 2.05° in the angles and 0.3cm2 in the CSA (p = 0.0163 and p < 0.001, respectively). The LD group (C) did not show significant reduction in the INV angle nor in CSA (p = 0.437 and p = 0.331, respectively). Neither the conventional hump resection nor the LD DPR technique reduced the INV dimensions. However, the PD preservation technique significantly reduced the INV dimensions. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Commentary on: Dorsal Preservation: The Push Down Technique Reassessed.

Commentary on: Dorsal Preservation: The Push Down Technique Reassessed.

Parents’ Use of Subsidiaries to “Push Down” Earnings Management: Evidence from Italy

AbstractWe find evidence consistent with Italian nonlisted subsidiaries engaging in accrual and real earnings management, so that their listed parents can meet or beat benchmarks. Thus, the parent firm drives the earnings management of the subsidiaries. We identify parents that are more likely to have managed earnings as the ones that avoid a small loss or meet or beat analyst forecast by a few cents. Cross‐sectional analysis reveals that Big 4 auditors mitigate accrual earnings management at the subsidiary level and that family‐owned firms use earnings management through nonlisted subsidiaries mainly to avoid reporting losses. Finally, we find that parent firms communicate earnings management strategies to their subsidiaries using board proximity. Our evidence shows that business groups manage earnings differently from single firms, pushing earnings management down to subsidiaries. It also supports the monitoring role of Big 4 auditors in a business group setting and contributes to understanding financial reporting decisions in family‐owned firms.

Reliability analysis of double-layer domes with stochastic geometric imperfections

This study aimed to investigate the effect of initial member length an imperfection in the load carrying capacity of double-layer domes space structures. First, for the member length imperfection of each member, a random number is generated from a normal distribution. Thereupon, the amount of the imperfection randomly varies from one member to another. Afterwards, based on the Push Down analysis, the collapse behavior and the ultimate capacity of the considered structure is determined using nonlinear analysis performed by the OpenSees software and this procedure is repeated numerous times by Monte Carlo simulation method. Finally, the reliability of structures is determined. The results show that the collapse behavior of double-layer domes space structures is highly sensitive to the random distribution of initial imperfections.

A verification strategy for web services composition using enhanced stacked automata model

Currently, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is becoming the most popular software architecture of contemporary enterprise applications, and one crucial technique of its implementation is web services. Individual service offered by some service providers may symbolize limited business functionality; however, by composing individual services from different service providers, a composite service describing the intact business process of an enterprise can be made. Many new standards have been defined to decipher web service composition problem namely Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). BPEL provides an initial work for forming an Extended Markup Language (XML) specification language for defining and implementing business practice workflows for web services. The problems with most realistic approaches to service composition are the verification of composed web services. It has to depend on formal verification method to ensure the correctness of composed services. A few research works has been carried out in the literature survey for verification of web services for deterministic system. Moreover the existing models did not address the verification properties like dead transition, deadlock, reachability and safetyness. In this paper, a new model to verify the composed web services using Enhanced Stacked Automata Model (ESAM) has been proposed. The correctness properties of the non-deterministic system have been evaluated based on the properties like dead transition, deadlock, safetyness, liveness and reachability.Initially web services are composed using Business Process Execution Language for Web Service (BPEL4WS) and it is converted into ESAM (combination of Muller Automata (MA) and Push Down Automata (PDA)) and it is transformed into Promela language, an input language for Simple ProMeLa Interpreter (SPIN) tool. The model is verified using SPIN tool and the results revealed better recital in terms of finding dead transition and deadlock in contrast to the existing models.

HUNTING PERNICIOUS ATTACKS IN WEB APPLICATIONS WITH XPROBER

Nowadays internet is loaded with tons of innovative web applications. This instantaneous growth has pa ved way for a number of security exposures. Cross Site Scripting attacks (XSS), SQL Injection (SQLI) and Malicious File Execution (MFE) are the foremost web related vulnerabilities reported by Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). The attackers take advantage of the vulnerabilities in the code of the web applications and engage in activities such as data breach, cookies stealing and password theft which results in severe consequences. The major cause for these glitches is that the scripts allow the user input without scanning for pernicious contents. Several s ecurity measures on server-side also available, but they are not applied in large scale, because of the depl oyment difficulty. On the Client-side, usage of sec urity software worsens the client system’s performance which in turn reduces the web surfing experience of t he user. A new tool called XProber has been presented for verifying the string manipulating programs automatically. The pre and post conditions of common string functions using Push Down Automata (PDA) are computed and used to identify the presence of v ulnerabilities. This approach is capable of finding hefty amount of pernicious attacks in web application and prevents the attacks.

Refactoring and representation independence for class hierarchies

Refactoring transformations are important for productivity and quality in software evolution. Modular reasoning about semantics preserving transformations is difficult even in typed class-based languages because transformations can change the internal representations for multiple interdependent classes and because encapsulation can be violated by pointers to mutable objects. In this paper, an existing theory of representation independence for a single class, based on a simple notion of ownership confinement, is generalized to a hierarchy of classes and used to prove refactoring rules that embody transformations of complete class trees. This allows us to formalize refactorings that inherently involve class inheritance, such as Pull Up or Push Down Field; moreover, this makes it possible to generalize refactorings previously restricted to change of data representation of private attributes (like Extract Class and Encapsulate Field) to address data refinement of protected attributes, dealing with the impact that the corresponding transformations may cause in the subclasses. The utility of the proposed rules is shown in a relatively extensive case study. Shortcomings of the theory are described as a challenge to other approaches to heap encapsulation and relational reasoning for classes.

“… And I Was Born”

“… And I Was Born”

Bear in China: Which Trades Push Down the Stock Prices?

This paper considers informed traders' trading strategy in a bear market. Known as stealth trading, one strategy of informed traders' is to use medium-size trades, thus medium-size trades tend to contain more information than small- and large-size trades and to have stronger impact on stock price movement. Using the transaction data provided by CSMAR database, we document the strong pattern of stealth trading in Chinese stock market during the period of June 1, 2004 to May 31, 2005, which is: (1) an order-driven market; (2) a market that has only limit orders; (3) a bear market. The empirical results add further evidence on the stealth trading in that informed traders tend to focus their trades into medium size. The proof is: price movements are mainly due to the medium-size trades. Unlike the existing literature, we find that the pattern in bear market is highly consistent with that in a bull market. Second, we further document that the per-transaction stock price changes in different trade-size categories exhibit a clear U-shape, and only the price changes induced by medium-size trades are consistent with the market movement direction. Third, the evidence shows that the medium-size trade have stronger impact on price change in those stocks whose price movement is highly consistent with the market (in our study, it refers to those stocks with low cumulative return in the sample period). All the evidence provides supports to the stealth trading hypothesis. We further extend the realm of stealth trading hypothesis: empirical evidence proves that informed trades tend to concentrate on both medium-size trades and medium-size stocks. This is a new form of stealth trading.

Shrinking Margins Push Down Profits

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTShrinking Margins Push Down ProfitsSales held their own last year, but chemical companies' profits stumbled over higher costs, sharper competitionCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1961, 39, 6, 33–34Publication Date (Print):February 6, 1961Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 6 February 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v039n006.p033Copyright © 1961 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (263 KB) SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Granular materials Get e-Alerts