Purple Passion Fruit Peel Research Articles

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, Flavonoid and Phenolic Contents of 70% Methanol Extract from Purple and Yellow Passion Fruit Peel

Peel of purple and yellow passion fruit has the potential to be an antioxidant. The flavonoid and total phenol compound groups are two examples of natural antioxidant compounds that can potentially be antioxidants. Many studies have used 70% methanol solvent to extract flavonoids and total phenolics from plants. The aim of this study is to analyze the potential of 70% methanol extract from the peel of purple and yellow passion fruit as an in vitro antioxidant using the DPPH method, total flavonoid, and phenolic levels. The passion fruit peel powder was macerated with 70% methanol for four days. The total flavonoid contents were determined using quercetin, and total phenols were determined using gallic acid. The 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used for in vitro antioxidant activity by determining the percent inhibition of DPPH radicals. The flavonoid content in the 70% methanol extract of purple and yellow passion fruit peel is 1.2824 and 1.9775 mg QE/g extract, respectively. In contrast, the total phenolic content in 70% methanol extract of purple and yellow passion fruit peel is 15.8 and 3.6 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The 70% methanol extract of purple passion fruit peel at a concentration of 80 mg/L resulted in a more significant percent inhibition of DPPH free radicals (72.80 %) than yellow passion fruit (64.91 %). In conclusion, the results suggest that 70 % methanol extract from purple and yellow passion fruit peel can decrease free radicals and be a natural antioxidant.Keyword: Antioxidant activity, Flavonoid, Methanol extract, Passion fruit peel, Total phenol

Total Flavonoid, Total Phenolic contents and Antioxidant activity of Methanol and n-hexane extract from purple passion fruit peel

The utilization of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) is still focused on the fruit, while the passion fruit peel is still not widely applied. The passion fruit peel has the potential as an antioxidant. The polarity of solvents used in the extraction process can affect the antioxidant activity of a medicinal plant. This study aims to determine in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH and total flavonoid and phenol content of methanol and n-hexane extract from purple passion fruit peel. The powder of purple passion fruit peel was extracted using the maceration method with methanol and n-hexane solvent and a ratio of 1:12. The total flavonoids and phenols from each extract were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The in vitro antioxidant activity was performed using the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method by determining inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. The results showed that methanol and n-hexane extract yields were 4.53% and 0.76%, respectively. Furthermore, the total phenolic content of 35.95mg GA E/g extract in purple passion fruit peel was higher than the total flavonoid content of 3.25mg QE/g extract. There was an absence of total flavonoids and total phenols in n-hexane extracts. The antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH method based on IC50 values showed that methanol extract (14.63mg/L) had better antioxidant activity than n-hexane extract (37.39mg/L). In conclusion, the results suggest that methanol and n-hexane extract from Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims can decrease free radicals and could be used as a natural antioxidant.

Effects of purple passion fruit peel extracts on characteristics of Pouteria campechiana seed starch films and the application in discernible detection of shrimp freshness

In this work, the film-forming potential of Pouteria campechiana seed starch (PCSS) and the effects of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) peel extracts (PPPAEs) on the properties of films were examined for the first time. The structural analyses showed that PPPAEs had great compatibility with PCSS without altering the chemical structure of PCSS films. The addition of PPPAEs meaningfully enhanced the ultraviolet–visible light barrier properties. The mechanical properties of the PCSS films were also remarkably influenced due to the introduction of PPPAEs, as confirmed by the increased elongation at break and decreased tensile strength. Moreover, the introduction of PPPAEs endowed the PCSS films with great antioxidant properties, as well as noticeable color change when subjected to the ammonia environment and pH alternation. The PCSS/9 PPPAEs films were utilized to monitor shrimp freshness, and obvious color changes from light pinkish brown to green could be observed as shrimp freshness was reduced during storage. The PCSS-based films presented great biodegradability, as confirmed by the test result that all systems have wholly integrated into the soil and nearly disappeared after 14 days of burial. In summary, PPPAEs were capable of bestowing PCSS films with desirable properties, and the fabricated PCSS/PPPAEs composite films could potentially be used for the visible detection of the freshness of meat and aquatic products rich in proteins.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol 96 % Kulit Buah Markisa Ungu dan Kuning secara In-Vitro

This study aimed to find the best combination of 96% ethanol extract from purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) peel and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg) peel as in vitro antioxidants using the DPPH method. The 96% ethanol extract of purple and yellow passion fruit peel was obtained by the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The combination treatment of purple and yellow passion fruit peel extracts was made with three comparisons of namely 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2, respectively. In vitro, antioxidant activity was assayed using the DPPH method to obtain the IC 50 value. The results showed that the best combination of extracts as in vitro antioxidants was the combination of 96% ethanol extract from purple and yellow passion fruit peel with ratio (1:1) of 12.45 mg/L followed by the combination of extracts 1:2 (51.31 mg/L) and 2:1 (66.23 mg/L). In conclusion, the results suggest that the extracts combination of purple and yellow passion fruit peel with a ratio (1:1) can increase in vitro antioxidant activity.

Determination of flavonoid content of ethanol and ethyl acetate extract from purple passion fruit peel

Purple passion fruit is a fruit that is widely cultivated in Indonesia for syrup and juice making. Purple passion fruit has a high nutritional value, such as antioxidants. Passion fruit contains vitamin A, vitamin C, β-carotene, flavonoid, and fiber components. However, passion fruit peel is a waste that can not be appropriately facilitated, so it becomes a waste that can pollute the environment. In addition, the passion fruit peel contains flavonoids that can be used as antidiabetic drugs. This study aimed to determine the difference in flavonoid levels in the peel extract of purple passion fruit by using ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. The total flavonoid test using the AlCl3 method is then read on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed total flavonoid levels of passion fruit peel extract with ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents of 15.01 mg QE/g samples and 1.27 mg QE/g extract. The highest total flavonoid levels were obtained in ethanol extract of 15.01 mg QE/g extract.

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Markisa Ungu (Passiflora Edulis Sims) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes

Propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that causes acne. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of purple passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis Sims) against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The method used to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of passion fruit peel was a paper disc (Kirby-Bauer test). Based on the results of phytochemical screening, the purple passion fruit peel simplicia powder contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids that function as antimicrobials. Based on the antibacterial activity test, the purple passion fruit peel ethanol extract at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% effectively inhibited the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. This can be proven from the results of the diameter of the inhibition zone that there was an increase in antibacterial effectiveness along with the increase in the concentration of purple passion fruit peel extract in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, namely at a concentration of 5%, the average diameter of the inhibition zone was 14.9 mm, then at a concentration of 10% the average diameter of the inhibition zone is 15.3 mm, then at a concentration of 15% the average diameter of the inhibition zone is 17.2 mm, while at a maximum concentration of 20% the average diameter of the inhibition zone is 20.1 mm. The research results conclude that the purple passion fruit rind ethanol extract effectively inhibits the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria at a concentration of 20% with an inhibition zone diameter of 20.1 mm.

Determination of percentage yield and total phenolic content of ethanol extract from purple passion (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) fruit peel

Free radicals can trigger various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, arthritis, diabetes, neurological disorders, and aging. Thus, antioxidants are needed to reduce these free radicals. The peel of the purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) has many phenolic compounds that indicate antioxidant capacity. This study aims to determine the percentage yield and total phenolic contents in the ethanol extract of purple passion fruit peel. Extraction of purple passion fruit peel using the method of maceration with ethanol solvent. Measurement of total phenolic levels in ethanol extract from purple passion fruit peel using the UV–Vis Spectrophototometry method with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The principle of this method is based on the reagent between gallic acid and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent that will produce a molybdenum-tungsten complex. Furthermore, the addition of Na2CO3 solution will change the color of the solution to blue, and its absorbance can be measured at a wavelength of 765 nm. The results showed that the ethanol extract from purple passion fruit peel yielded 1.363% and total phenolic levels of 30.758 mg of gallic acid equivalent per the gram of extract. The existence of the total phenolic content proves that the ethanol extract from purple passion fruit peel has the potential to be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidants.

Chemical structure, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of two novel pectin polysaccharides from purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulia Sims) peel

Two novel pectin polysaccharides were extracted from purple passion fruits (Passiflora edulia Sims) peel by hot-water extraction (PFSP60) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UPFSP60), their structural characteristics, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were preliminary investigated. The results revealed that the monosaccharide compositions of both polysaccharides mainly include galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and rhamnose. Methylation analysis indicated that the main linkage types of PFSP60 included 1,4-linked-GalA, 1,4-linked-Glc, 1,4-linked-Xyl and 1-linked-Gal in a molar ratio of 1.02:1.00:0.36:0.13. The glycosidic linkage types of UPFSP60 included 1,4-linked-GalA, 1,4-linked-Glc, 1,2-linked-Rha, 1,4-linked-Xyl and 1,3,6-linked-Gal in a molar ratio of 4.03:1.00:0.32:0.31:0.29. The DPPH radical, ABTS radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activities of PFSP60 and UPFSP60 enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, PFSP60 and UPFSP60 could inhibit secretion amounts of pro-inflammatory factors (NO, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) and down-regulated gene expressions. However, the polysaccharides extracted with the assistance of ultrasonication showed stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The results suggested that ultrasound treatment might be an effective approach to obtain pectin polysaccharides with lower molecular weight and stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These results also indicated that passion fruit peel polysaccharides have potential application prospect in functional foods and medicine industry.

Antiaging Activity of Gel Preparation Containing Three Varieties of Passion Fruit Peel Ethanolic Extract

BACKGROUND: Antiaging cosmetics are cosmetics that can prevent or correct the signs of premature aging. Passion fruit (Passiflora sp.) peel is an agricultural waste contains polyphenol compounds and flavonoids which are a source of natural antioxidants to prevent premature aging. The passion fruit peel extract formulated into gel preparations which can increase the economic value of the passion fruit peel waste.
 OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to test the antiaging activity of gel preparations containing ethanolic extracts of purple, red, and yellow passion fruit on experimental animal skins with several parameters (wrinkle, melanin, pore, moisture, and elasticity).
 METHODS: Gel was made by adding passion fruit peel extract with several concentrations (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.25%) in gel base. The blank used is a gel base without extracts. Measurement of wrinkle, black pigment (melanin), pore size, moisture content, and elasticity was performed using a skin analyzer. The use of gel is done 2 times a day for 28 days.
 RESULTS: Gel with purple, red, and yellow passion fruit peel extract can be formulated into gel preparations. The higher concentration of passion fruit peel extract shows a higher antiaging activity. Gel preparations with purple, red, and yellow passion fruit peel extract, respectively, show the recovery of wrinkle 16.16%, 8.73%, and 6.49%; recovery of melanin 20.11%, 10.75%, and 8.06%; recovery of pore 18.78%, 10.15%, and 7.69%; recovery of moisture 32.74%, 17.70%, and 13.04%; and recovery of elasticity 30.08%, 16.13%, and 12.30%.
 CONCLUSIONS: The highest antiaging activity was given by gel preparations containing purple passion fruit peel extract and the lowest antiaging activity was given by gel preparations with yellow passion fruit peel extracts.

Optimizing the extraction of anthocyanins from purple passion fruit peel using response surface methodology

Purple passion fruit peel (PPFP) is a waste with high antioxidant capacity. Therefore, in this work, the conditions for solvent extraction of anthocyanins from that peel were studied according to the following variables: temperature, pH, solvent: raw material ratio and time, using the response surface methodology. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of the extract was characterized, and its respective anthocyanin degradation kinetics were performed at three storage temperatures. The best conditions were pH 2.0, 52.03 °C, 29.79 g of solvent per g of raw material and 180 min, which gave an anthocyanins extraction yield of 577.59 mg of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside per 100 g of dry raw material. The extract also showed 490.12 ± 2.57 and 528.85 ± 27.17 µmol Trolox per 100 g of antioxidant capacity by DPPH and FRAP essays respectively, a low content of vitamin C, as well as activation energy of 41.4 kJ per mole. Consequently, this study shows PPFP as a potential raw material in anthocyanins and antioxidants extracts, which have a great value in the food industry with their stability under refrigeration. Above mentioned displays an alternative strategy for using this waste as a source of high-value products.

Pectic polysaccharides from purple passion fruit peel: A comprehensive study in macromolecular and conformational characterizations

A polysaccharide (PFPP) from purple passion fruit peel was optimally extracted, with the highest yield (10.05%, w/w) obtained under 35 °C extraction temperature, 240 W ultrasonic power, 65:1 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, 0.6% (w/v) ammonium oxalate, 30 min extraction time and pH 2.0. According to composition analyses, pectic PFPP and its fractions (PFPP-10, -15 and -20) were revealed as linear homogalacturonans interrupted by rhamnogalacturonan I in different lengths and extensities, where low esterification degrees (35.35–39.66%) were indicated via FT-IR. Furthermore, based on macromolecular models, comprehensive analyses on macromolecular and conformational characterizations of PFPP fractions were conducted quantitatively through, e.g., shape factor (1.42–1.79), Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.55–0.74), conformational power-law exponent (0.52–0.58), fractal dimension (1.72–1.94) and persistence length (6.73–13.47 nm). Therefore, different semi-flexible coil conformations were proposed schematically, where lower molecular-weight PFPP fractions were less flexible. This could provide a molecular basis for precise re-utilizations of PFPP in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Passion Fruit Peel (Passiflora Edulis Sims) on Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli

North Sumatera is one of the central areas of purple passion fruit production in Indonesia. Processing passion fruit into beverage products (passion fruit juice) produces peel has not been utilized. The use of passion fruit skin needs to be studied so that it can be useful as a raw material for antibacterial drug preparations. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituent screening and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of purple passion fruit peel against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Simplicia and ethyl acetate fraction were determinated its phytochemical properties. The extraction process by percolation method using ethanol 96% and continue to fractionation process by liquid liquid extraction method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activity were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion method with paper discs. The result showed that the simplicia characteristic of passion fruit peel were water content of 8.64%, water soluble extract of 31.69%, ethanol soluble extract of 13.02%, ash total of 7.89%, and insoluble ash in acid of 0.816%. The phytochemical screening simplicia and ethyl acetate fraction showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and tannins. The antibacterial activity test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction has an effective inhibition at the concentration of 100 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, it showed dose dependent manner. The ethyl acetate fraction of passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis Sims) has an antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Hepatoprotective Activity and Nephroprotective Activity of Peel Extract from Three Varieties of the Passion Fruit (Passiflora Sp.) in the Albino Rat.

BACKGROUND:The Passion Fruit (Passiflora sp.) that grows in the Indonesian region generally has three varieties, namely purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.), red passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss.), and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora verrucifera Lindl.). The passion fruit peel is an economic waste that has not been utilised optimally, but has many efficacious phytochemical contents.AIM:The objectives of this research are to examine scientifically hepatoprotective activity (with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic) and nephroprotective activity (with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic) from three varieties of the passion fruit (purple passion fruit peel extract, red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract) in the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus).METHODS:Three varieties of passion fruit peels were extracted by maceration method. The experimental animals used were the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). Hepatoprotective activity was done by the liver biochemical (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase) analysis with paracetamol (hepatotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract. Nephroprotective activity was done by the kidney biochemical (urea and creatinine) analysis with gentamicin (nephrotoxic compound) induced after 10 days of treatment with extract.RESULTS:The hepatoprotective activity for positive control was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 250 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight. The nephroprotective activity for positive control (50 mg of silymarin per kg of body weight) was similar to the 250 mg of purple passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, 500 mg of red passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight, and 500 mg of yellow passion fruit peel extract per kg of body weight.CONCLUSIONS:The extracts were shown hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity with a dose-dependent activity. The hepatoprotective activity and nephroprotective activity of purple passion fruit peel extract were the best compared to red passion fruit peel extract and yellow passion fruit peel extract.

Antibacterial activity of Ethanol Extract of Purple Passion Fruit Peel (Passiflora edulis Sims) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Abstract.North Sumatera is the central production of purple passion fruit in Indonesia. Passion fruit was processing into beverage product that produced passion fruit peel waste. The passion fruit peel has potential effect as a sources of medicine which is need to be examined such as its antibacterial effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the characterization of simplicia, phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of purple passion fruit peel against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The simplicia powder was examined its characteristic include water content, water soluble extract, ethanol soluble extract, total ash and acid insoluble ash assay. The extraction was process by percolation method using ethanol 96% , then tested antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion method with paper discs.The result showed that the simplicia characteristic of passion fruit peel were water content of 8.64%, water soluble extract of 31.69%, ethanol soluble extract of 13.02%, ash total of 7.89%, and insoluble ash in acid of 0.816%. The phytochemical screening simplicia and ethanol extract showed the presence of flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, tannin and steroid/triterpenoid.The antibacterial activity test showed that the ethanol extract has an effective inhibition at the concentration of 300 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, it showed dose dependent manner.
 
 Keywords: Passiflora edulis Sims, antibacterial, passion fruit peel, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
 
 
 

Optimization of green extraction of anthocyanins from purple passion fruit peels by response surface methodology

This study describes the extraction of anthocyanins from purple passion fruit peels by ultrasonic cell grinder extraction (UCGE) technology, where water was selected as the solvent. Extraction conditions were further optimized by response surface methodology, and the details were as follows: a solution-to-solid ratio of 25:1 mL/g, an extraction power of 780 W, a buffer time of 2.3 s, and an extraction time of 50 min. The yield of the UCGE was higher than that of a conventional solvent extraction. The result indicated that this technique was a green, economic, and efficient method. Practical applications Purple passion fruit peel, as a waste material, can currently be used as an anthocyanin source. Ultrasonic cell grinder extraction (UCGE) is one green extraction technology that has been successfully applied to extract active ingredients in the food industry. Response surface methodology (RSM) can reduce the number of experiments and optimize complex systems and therefore has been widely used in various research fields. In this study, we have developed the method of UCGE of anthocyanins from peels by RSM. The result provides useful information for the potential industrial application of this extraction method to purple passion fruit peels.

PENGARUH WAKTU DAN SUHU PEMBAKARAN DALAM PEMBUATAN ABU DARI KULIT BUAH MARKISA SEBAGAI SUMBER ALKALI

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum of combustion time and temperature of ash production from purple passion fruit peel (Parcilora idollis Sims f edulis Deg.). The experiment was begun to dry passion fruit peel, then combustion to obtaine the ash from passion fruit peel. The combustion was done by muffle furnace which time variables were from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours and burning temperature variables were from 400 oC, 500 oC, 600 oC, 700 oC. The potassium that contained in ash have been extracted by distilled water with volume comparison was 1 : 10 for 24 hours. Observed responses were ash content, normality, pH, conductivity and potassium oxide content (% K2O). The best result of ash was in 5 hours with temperature 500 oC. The ash was analyzed by using AAS Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and 39,95 % of potassium oxide (K2O) content was obtained as maximum result.

OPTIMIZATION OF PECTIN EXTRACTION FROM FRUIT PEEL OF PURPLE PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA EDULIS SIMS) IN VIETNAM

Purple passion fruit has been grown in Vietnam since 1990 and production has increased in recent years. The pulp of passion fruit is usually used in the beverage industry, but the shell of this fruit which contain large amounts of pectin, goes to waste. Pectin is widely used in the food industry as a gelling agent and stabilizer. Utilization of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) peel for pectin extraction was studied. The peel obtained after juice extraction was blanched in boiling water (95-100°C) for 5 min, dehydrated in a cross flow hot air drier at 60°C to a moisture content of 4.2 g.100 g-1 of dried peel. The dried peel has 1.125% of reducing sugar; 0.56 g.L-1 of total acid; 21% of solvent materials and 15% of pectin. Pectin was extracted using three different acids (HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH) at different ratios (1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:30, 1:40 aicd to dried peel ratio), temperatures (70, 80, 90, 100°C), pH (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3) and extraction times (30, 45, 60, 90 min). Temperature, pH and extraction time had highly significant effects on pectin yield. The optimal conditions for maximum pectin yield (13.5 g pectin.100 g-1 of dried peel) were the use of HCl at 96°C and pH 1.96 with an extraction time of 83.5 min. Quality characteristics of pectin extract included good gel forming, high gel stability, good quality in an acid environment, and high viscosity of about 2 times more than commercial pectin.

Efficacy of Purple Passion Fruit Peel Extract in Lowering Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

The clinical efficacy of purple passion fruit peel extract (a flavonoid-rich dietary supplement) in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in adult type 2 diabetic subjects was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-one subjects were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of purple passion fruit (220 mg) or a matched placebo for 16 weeks. Body mass index, blood pressure, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile were determined at baseline and at monthly intervals. A significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose was observed following administration of purple passion fruit ( P < .05). Purple passion fruit was well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. These data suggest that purple passion fruit supplementation for 16 weeks in type 2 diabetics results in a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose, indicating that purple passion fruit is safe and well tolerated by diabetics.

Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disorder and a major cause of pain and disability. The hypothesis tested in this study was that the passion fruit peel extract (PFP), a flavonoid-rich dietary supplement, would reduce symptoms due to knee OA. Thirty-three OA patients were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with parallel-group design. Patients received either placebo or PFP pills (150 mg, daily) in a double-blinded fashion for 2 months. The OA clinical symptoms were evaluated monthly with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index. In the PFP group, there was a significant improvement in total WOMAC score and WOMAC subscale score of physical function after 30 days and pain after 60 days. At 60 days, reductions of 18.6%, 18%, 19.6%, and 19.2% in pain, stiffness, physical function, and composite WOMAC score, respectively, were self-reported in the PFP group. Whereas, in the placebo group, the self-reported WOMAC scores increased in every category. The results of this study show that PFP substantially alleviated osteoarthritis symptoms. This beneficial effect of PFP may be due to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties.

Oral administration of the purple passion fruit peel extract reduces wheeze and cough and improves shortness of breath in adults with asthma

Asthma, affecting as many as 400 million individuals worldwide, is one of the most prevalent chronic health condition in the United States. With an increasing number of patients with asthma and the frequent inability of conventional lifestyle modification and therapy to effectively control the problem, nutritional and dietary therapies are being sought. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of the purple passion fruit peel (PFP) extract, a novel mixture of bioflavonoids, on asthma symptoms. Patients with asthma were studied in a 4-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial with oral administration of PFP extract (150 mg/d) or placebo pills. The effects of PFP extract were evaluated by assessing the clinical symptoms of asthma and spirometry tests. Most clinical symptoms of asthma of the PFP extract-treated group were moderated significantly compared to the baseline. The prevalence of wheeze, cough, as well as shortness of breath was reduced significantly in group treated with PFP extract (P < .05), whereas the placebo caused no significant improvement. Purple passion fruit peel extract supplementation resulted in a marked increase in forced vital capacity (P < .05) as placebo showed no effect. However, no significant improvement was observed in the forced expiratory volume at 1 second of those supplemented with PFP extract. No adverse effect was reported by any of study participants. The PFP extract may be safely offered to asthmatic subjects as an alternative treatment option to reduce clinical symptoms.