Purna River Research Articles

Rainfall prediction using soft computing techniques: a case study of Purna River Basin

Rainfall prediction using soft computing techniques: a case study of Purna River Basin

Critiques: On the first sighting report of Mugger Crocodile from Purna River, South Gujarat, India.

Critiques: On the first sighting report of Mugger Crocodile from Purna River, South Gujarat, India.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Different DEMs for Application in Flood Frequency and Risk Mapping of the Indian Coastal River Basin

Floods are among the most occurring natural hazards that cause severe damage to infrastructure and loss of life. In India, southern Gujarat is affected during the monsoon season, facing multiple flood events in the Damanganga basin. As the basin is one of the data-scarce regions, evaluating the globally available dataset for flood risk mitigation studies in the Damanganga basin is crucial. In the present study, we compared four open-source digital elevation models (DEMs) (SRTM, Cartosat-1, ALOS-PALSAR, and TanDEMX) for hydrodynamic (HD) modeling and flood risk mapping. The simulated HD models for multiple flood events using HEC-RAS v6.3 were calibrated by adopting different roughness coefficients based on land-use land cover, observed water levels at gauge sites, and peak flood depths in the flood plain. In contrast to the previous studies on the Purna river basin (the neighboring basin of Damanganga), the present study shows that Cartosat-1 DEM provides reliable results with the observed flood depth. Furthermore, the calibrated HD model was used to determine the flood risk corresponding to 10, 25, 50, and 100-year return period floods calculated using Gumbel’s extreme value (GEV) and log-Pearson type III (LP-III) distribution techniques. Comparing the obtained peak floods corresponding to different return periods with the observed peak floods revealed that the LP-III method gives more reliable estimates of flood peaks for lower return periods, while the GEV method gives comparatively more reliable estimates for higher return period floods. The study shows that evaluating different open-source data and techniques is crucial for developing reliable flood mitigation plans with practical implications.

Diversity of molluscs from Purna River at Parbhani district Maharashtra, India

Diversity of molluscs from Purna River at Parbhani district Maharashtra, India

Seasonal Changes in Biochemical Composition of Freshwater Bivalve Mollusc Lamellidens marginalis (Lamark) from Purna River Near Jafrabad (M.S.) India

Seasonal Changes in Biochemical Composition of Freshwater Bivalve Mollusc Lamellidens marginalis (Lamark) from Purna River Near Jafrabad (M.S.) India

First confirmed record of Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) from the Purna River, Tapi District, Gujarat

First confirmed record of Mugger Crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) from the Purna River, Tapi District, Gujarat

Integrated Flood Risk Management Approach Using Mesh Grid Stability and Hydrodynamic Model

Today, inhabitants residing in floodplains face a serious and perpetual threat of flooding. Flooding causes fatalities and considerable property damage in metropolitan areas. Therefore, robust structural measures need to be adopted to eliminate flood catastrophe. Structural measures in the floodplain are the most promising solutions. However, there are cost-associated factors for proposing a flood retention plan. Navsari city (98.36 km2, area extent) of Gujarat was used as a case study to investigate the impact of mesh grid structures (100 m, 90 m, and 50 m) along with structural measures for the preparation of a flood retention plan. The HEC-RAS 2D hydrodynamic model was performed for the Purna River. The output of the model was characterized by four different scenarios: (i) Without weir and levees (WOWL), (ii) With weir (WW), (iii) With levees (WL), and (iv) With weir and levees (WWL). The statistical parameters (R2, RMSE, NSE, inundation time, and inundation area) were determined to evaluate model accuracy. The outcome of the model revealed that a 50 m size mesh grid exhibited more accurate results, yielding high NSE and R2 values (0.982 and 0.9855), a low RMSE value (0.450 m), and a smaller inundation area (114.61 km2). The results further revealed that the WW scenario was the most effective flood retention measure as it delayed the flood water for up to 16 h, and managed the flood with the WOWL case. Moreover, the mean error (WW scenario) estimated from profiles 1 and 2 ranged from (−0.7 to 0.62) and from (−0.1 to 0.02 m), respectively, which were evaluated as very low when compared with other scenarios. The novel scenario-based flood retention plan emphasizing the stability of mesh grid structures using the hydrodynamic model can be applied to any other region around the globe to recommend efficacious structural flood measures for flood decision making systems.

Impact assessment of natural and anthropogenic activities using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Upper Purna River basin, Maharashtra, India

Impact assessment of natural and anthropogenic activities using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the Upper Purna River basin, Maharashtra, India

HEALTH ASSESSMENT MODELING OF MANGROVES: A CASE STUDY OF PURNA ESTUARY, GUJARAT, INDIA

This paper quantifies the present status of Mangrove covers in the estuarine region of Purna River, Gujarat. Mangroves health assessment and change detection is modelled after contemplation of important health indicators such as canopy cover, drainage density, erosion and accretion, reclamation activities, and natural regeneration. The weightage of each parameter is given based on its relative importance in mangrove’s health. The entire study area is overlaid with a uniform grid of 1 × 1 hectare, where each parameter is calculated and mapped using multispectral LISS-IV satellite imageries of different time frames between 2008 and 2018 along with the in-situ field measurements. Our analysis showed that the mangrove area of approximately 0.094 sq.km has been degraded from 2008 to 2018 and about 0.126 sq.km has undergone degradation. Whereas the mangroves present on island patches are showing an improvement especially observed along the creek. The area under the pristine health condition of mangroves has been reduced to 0.336 sq. km. One of the major reasons was the construction of aquaculture ponds, which was increased from 2.937 sq.km in 2014 to 7.659 sq.km in 2018. The secondary factor is the wave activity near the mouth of the estuary, which is causing severe erosion along the coast and thereby affecting the mangrove trees.

Mesh grid stability and its impact on flood inundation through (2D) hydrodynamic HEC-RAS model with special use of Big Data platform—a study on Purna River of Navsari city

Mesh grid stability and its impact on flood inundation through (2D) hydrodynamic HEC-RAS model with special use of Big Data platform—a study on Purna River of Navsari city

Effect of Purna River Basin Water on ConcreteA case study of Akola District

Effect of Purna River Basin Water on ConcreteA case study of Akola District

Rhizosphere: A fascinating paleovegetational and paleoclimatic new intermediary in the Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine set-up of the Purna alluvial basin, central India

The rhizosphere, a fascinating vegetational and climatic negotiator, has been discovered and being reported from widespread Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine sediments of the Purna alluvial basin, central India. These organo-sedimentary structures representing diversified morphologies i.e., rounded to sub-rounded, spherical to sub-spherical, small to large surfaced, calcretized bodies of 7–20 cm diameter, are confined principally within the constraints of paleosol horizons belonging to the Early Pleistocene period, uncovered at the lower reaches of the Purna river course. These structures, developed in the lower niches/specialities around plant roots, are formed due to the mutual exercises of soil and fungi. Based on morphological criteria and surficial feature demonstrations, four distinctive morphotypes of the same have been categorized i.e., i) concentric, ii) rimmed, iii) concentric disrupted, and iv) nodular or mottled. The initial two sorts are conceived to be formed by fungi associated with living trees, whereas, last two are created by contagious exercise with rotting plant roots. A model portrayed shows their development in open spaces having a close relationship of plant roots belonging to both forests (C3) and grassland (C4) categories with microbial communities underneath the ground. Consequently, the spaces made by plant roots and microbial community are occupied by the calcium carbonate leached out from the encompassing soils during arid to semi-arid climate.

Study of morphology of scale in three teleost species from Purna river basin in part of Parbhani Districts, Maharashtra India

Study of morphology of scale in three teleost species from Purna river basin in part of Parbhani Districts, Maharashtra India

Study of morphology of scale in three teleost species from Purna river basin in part of Parbhani Districts, Maharashtra India

Study of morphology of scale in three teleost species from Purna river basin in part of Parbhani Districts, Maharashtra India

Habitat ecology of Burrowing crab Barytelphusa cunicularis in the tributaries of Purna river Parbhani (MS), India

Habitat ecology of Burrowing crab Barytelphusa cunicularis in the tributaries of Purna river Parbhani (MS), India

Application of new HEC-RAS version 5 for 1D hydrodynamic flood modeling with special reference through geospatial techniques: a case of River Purna at Navsari, Gujarat, India

Floods are among the extreme natural events which result in catastrophic damage to properties and adversely effects communities. To curb and manage the effects of such events, the decision-makers and disaster management authorities require dependable data in terms of flood depth, discharge, magnitude, and special datasets. The low lying areas of Navsari city was inundated in the floods of 2002 and 2003. This study aims to use the latest version of HEC-RAS for 1D hydrodynamic flood modelling of Purna river in Navasari city, Gujarat, India, with special reference to geospatial techniques. This study is aimed to demonstrate the geospatial analyzing capabilities of HEC-RAS v5. For the purpose of flood modeling, the river data such as bank lines, flow path lines, cross-section cut lines are extracted from Cartosat-1 DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Steady flow analysis is carried out for the simulation of a 1D hydrodynamic model. The outcome obtained from the model is in the form of water depth, which can be observed in the geospatial HEC-RAS mapper window. The flood depth maps for the 2002 and 2004 flood events are generated, which indicate that the low lying areas of Navsari city near Jalalpore and Viraval are susceptible to flooding when the discharge in the river exceeds 8836 m3/s. The accuracy of the model is calculated by comparing the simulated data with the observed data for the above-mentioned flood events. The results obtained from the 1D models are promising and accurate.

Model showing influence of tectonics and energy condition of the fluvial environment on facies architecture: A case history of Quaternary alluvial deposits of Purna basin, central India

Present work includes identification of lithofacies and reconstruction of depositional environments including controls of tectonics, and energy condition of the medium on sedimentation pattern of alluvial deposits of Purna basin, central India. The basin exhibits good development of dominantly areno-argillaceous sediments along with restricted occurrences of boulder-pebbly lithounits, covering together an area of 6,522 km2. These sediments are also characterized by preservation of various calcrete morphotypes, vertebrate remains and Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) ash in certain stratigraphic units. The work is based on detailed field and lithological studies of 20 river-cut sections exposed along the course of Purna river, representing entire alluvial deposits in both vertical and lateral profiles. Three lithofacies associations have been identified, i.e., (1) gravelly facies association (FA-1), (2) sandy facies association (FA-2) and, (3) silty-clayey facies association (FA-3). These associations consist of total 10 lithofacies distributed as: (i) matrix supported massive gravelly (Gmm) facies, (ii) matrix supported gravelly (Gmg) facies, (iii) horizontally stratified gravelly (Gh) facies, (iv) planar stratified gravelly (Gp) facies (FA-1), (v) horizontal sandy (Sh) facies, (vi) planar cross stratified sandy (Sp) facies, (vii) low angle cross bedded sandy (Sl) facies, (viii) massive sandy (Sm) facies (FA-2), (ix) laminated sandy (Fl) facies, and (x) palaeosol (P) facies (FA-3). Various architectural elements have also been identified. Based on lateral and vertical profiling of the lithofacies architecture, it is interpreted that gravel dominated facies in the mountainous region of the basin area are deposited by medium to high energy debris flow,whereas sandy and silty-clayey facies in the plain area are because of saltation and suspension modes of deposition under medium to low energy condition of depositing medium. The tectonic and topographical controls are well reflected on the sedimentation pattern and the same has been illustrated by proposing a model. Discussions along with the model have also been made on the progressive development of bazada or, pediment zone along the northern margin of the basin marked by the foothills of Satpura mountain ranges.

Morphology and Field Association of Calcretes from Quaternary Sediments of Purna Alluvial Basin, Maharashtra

The Quaternary deposits of Purna alluvial basin are mainly represented by areno-argillaceous sediments with good development of calcretes in both lateral and vertical profiles. Calcretes from thirteen river cut sections, lying along the main channel of Purna River, have been studied for their morphological characteristics. Total six morphotypes, i.e., nodular calcrete, laminar calcrete, hardpan calcrete, root calcrete, rhizolith balls and vein calcrete, have been identified, of which the first was dominant. The lithological association of various calcretes reveals their development mostly in fine- to medium-grained sediments, whereas root calcretes and rhizolith balls are mostly restricted to clayey–silty units. The predominance of calcretes in entire basin indicates the presence of the pedogenic activities under arid to semiarid climatic conditions during the deposition of sediments.

Use of SWAT to determine the effects of climate and land use changes on streamflow and sediment concentration in the Purna River basin, India

A semi-distributed, physically based, basin-scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed to determine the key factors that influence streamflow and sediment concentration in Purna river basin in India and to determine the potential impacts of future climate and land use changes on these factors. A SWAT domain with a Geographical Information System (GIS) was utilized for simulating and determining monthly streamflow and sediment concentration for the period 1980–2005 with a calibration period of 1980–1994 and validation period of 1995 to 2005. Additionally, a sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI-2) method within SWAT-CUP was used for calibration and validation purpose. The overall performance of the SWAT model was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency parameter (ENS) for both calibration and validation. For the calibration period, the R2 and ENS values were determined to be 0.91 and 0.91, respectively. For the validation period, the R2 and ENS were determined to be 0.83 and 0.82, respectively. The model performed equally well with observed sediment data in the basin, with the R2 and ENS determined to be 0.80 and 0.75 for the calibration period and 0.75 and 0.65 for the validation, respectively. The projected precipitation and temperature show an increasing trend compared to the baseline condition. The study indicates that SWAT is capable of simulating long-term hydrological processes in the Purna river basin.

A total load approach to predict bed load transport of Indian alluvial river

Bed load data are scarcely measured continuously for Indian rivers. In the absence of measured bed load data, the present study tests bed load computed using selected bed load sediment transport functions. The computed bed load is compared with widely accepted thumb rule estimation of the bed load, i.e. the Maddock’s approach. To check the suitability of these bed load equations for Indian river (Purna River), the computed bed load (BLc) has been added to observed suspended load and total load of the Purna River is derived. On other hand, the total load for the Purna River is worked out using Yang’s (1973) unit stream power approach for total load prediction. The total load computed (TLc) for the Purna river is then compared with the total load predicted (TLp) using Yang’s approach. It is observed that best prediction in total load transport is obtained when bed load is computed as 10% of observed suspended load. A similar performance is obtained when bed load is computed using Recking’s bed load function.