Pure Materials Research Articles

Microsatellite markers development and molecular fingerprinting of cashew cultivars.

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a widely cultivated tree with great economic significance. In cashew, several elite cultivars have been developed for commercial cultivation, which form the underpinning for the cashew-based industries and the several billion-dollar world trade. However, frequently the genetic purity of the planting material is not maintained, resulting in great economic losses. Therefore, there is a need to develop a reliable method for the identification of cultivars to avoid economic losses to the cultivators and the protection of cultivars by the breeders. In this study, 35 new microsatellite/simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, and a set of 20 highly polymorphic and reproducible markers were used for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis in 32 cashew cultivars. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of newly developed markers varied from 0.19 to 0.67, with an average of 0.44. The probability of identifying any two genotypes with identical fingerprints using the 20 SSR markers used for fingerprinting here in cashew cultivars was less than 2.8 × 10-11. Of the set of 20 markers, eight were sufficient for uniquely fingerprinting all the cultivars. Genetic diversity analysis by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method grouped 32 cultivars into three main clusters, and the grouping had no relationship to the geographic regions or the pedigree. The findings of this study are useful for the conservation and protection of cultivars under the PVP Act for ensuring the trading of quality planting material and are also useful for cashew breeding programs.

Fabrication of a Composite Paper-Based Material for Fog Collection and Purification Enabled by Passive Radiative Cooling and Wettability Regulation.

Obtaining clean freshwater resources with high efficiency is a global concern and plays a vital role in the sustainable development of human society. In this study, purified freshwater was obtained via condensation and collection of water and organic fog using a composite paper-based material with spectral selectivity and proper wettability. By reflecting ∼91% of sunlight and radiating >96% of thermal infrared rays, the composite paper-based material can reach a daytime maximum temperature drop of 5.2 °C compared to pristine paper and 6.7 °C compared to environmental temperature. Furthermore, surface wettability can be easily adjusted by optimizing the wettability of the nanoparticles. Under the combined effect of excellent passive daytime radiative cooling performance and an appropriate wettability range, a maximum water collection rate of 332.09 mg/cm2·h under dynamic vapor atmosphere and 245.10 mg/cm2·h under static vapor atmosphere were obtained. Even for mixed organic fogs, purified water can be collected after organic fog condensation because of its high selectivity for different liquids. In addition, the composite paper-based material exhibited excellent abrasion resistance and has great potential for long-term use and reuse. This composite paper-based material can obtain freshwater via water and organic fog condensation and collection under direct sunlight, which is helpful in alleviating freshwater shortages.

Enhanced Thermoelectric Generator Power Output Based on Electrodeposited Bi2Te3 Nanocomposites with Pt NPs-CNTs Through Multiphysics Simulation

Thermoelectric generators (TEG) possess the potential to transform unused heat into electrical energy, making thermoelectricity a viable alternative for addressing the energy issue. This study provides insight into the enhanced power density of a TEG device when embedded with bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanocomposite. The TEG power density has been analysed under the fluid flow simulation condition by utilizing several Bi2Te3 nanocomposite materials with Pt NPs-CNTs inclusion. The impact of static and steady air flow conditions has been studied using a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) parameter, with flow velocities of 0.01 m/s and 1 m/s. As a main part of the work, the power density of nanocomposites embedded as N-type legs was compared to that of pure material. The Bi2Te3 with hybrid nanocomposite produces the highest power density, precisely combining Bi2Te3 with platinum nanoparticles (Pt Nps) and single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) materials (Bi2Te3/Pt-SWCNTs). At velocity of 1 m/s, the power density was calculated to be 156.85μW/cm2, which increased to 158.86 μW/cm2 at a fluid velocity of 1 m/s, marking an 88% increment compared to the TEG model using pristine Bi2Te3 and higher than that of the previous work about 4 times of increment.

Effects of adding copper to bismuth titanate for photocatalytic hydrogen production

In this work, pure and copper-doped bismuth titanate perovskites were synthesized using the modified amorphous citrate method to evaluate the influence of the dopant on the material's structure and its efficiency as a catalyst. X-ray diffraction method has been employed for the analysis of the crystal structure while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were used to examine the material's morphology. Electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) was also employed to confirm the doping of the material. The doped material exhibited a bandgap within the visible region calculated using the Tauc plot from UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The dopant influenced the emergence of secondary bandgaps with considerably lower values than the pure materials, directly impacting the photocatalytic performance of hydrogen gas (H2) production. The highest H2 gas production occurred in the doped and more crystalline sample. Comparing these results with other studies, it can be concluded that copper is a metal with great potential as a dopant for the development of bismuth titanate-based catalysts.

Application of aluminum diethyl hypophosphite, iron-based metal organic framework-NH2-MIL-53(Fe), and expandable graphite complexes as flame retardants for high-density polyethylene

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites are made by melt blending HDPE with MIL-53(Fe), amino-functionalized NH2-MIL-53(Fe), aluminum diethyl hypophosphite (ADP), and expandable graphite (EG). The experimental disclosed showed that the aminated NH2-MIL-53(Fe) could improve residual carbon quality and exert a better flame retardant effect than MIL-53(Fe). When 25 wt% of EG/ADP/NH2-MIL-53(Fe) was added and the ratio of EG to ADP/ NH2-MIL-53(Fe) was 1:1, HDPE/EG/ADP/NH2-MIL-53(Fe) composites could achieve a limiting oxygen index of 31.1 %, which passed UL-94 testing and was rated V-0. This results in a considerable improvement in flame retardant efficiency as the peak heat release rate was lowered by 83.4 % and the total heat release was reduced by 35.8 % when compared to the pure HDPE material. Therefore, NH2-MIL-53(Fe)/ADP/EG synergistic flame retardancy can lead to high flame retardancy efficiency in HDPE. This provided a new potential direction for the preparation of highly efficient flame retardants.

The design, experimental and numerical study on a novel double-skin glass ventilation wall with PV blind integrated with thermal catalytic materials for synergistic energy generation and air purification

The application of photovoltaic (PV) technology on double-skin glass ventilation wall can increase its functionality and solar utilization efficiency. However, PV modules don't make multi-effect use of heat while generating electricity. Considering that the combination of thermal catalytic (TC) and PV blinds can solve this problem and achieve synergy effect, a novel double-skin glass ventilation wall with PV blind integrated with thermal catalytic materials (PV&TC-blind DSF) that realized power generation, heating and air purification was proposed. In this paper, the PV&TC blinds were designed. Then electrical, thermal and purification performances were comprehensively investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The main results are: (1) The optimal average electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and formaldehyde single-through conversion were 9.80 %, 56.98 % and 30.89 %, respectively. (2) The established model well fitted experimental data with the maximum RSMD of 7.2 %. (3) The blind angle affected significantly on the thermal and purification performance of the wall, but had relatively small impact on the electrical performance. (4) When the system operated at optimal turning angles, the total reduced heating/cooling loads by the system were 440.6 MJ/m2 and 395.1 MJ/m2, respectively. The annual electricity generation and generated clean air volume were 264542.8 kWh/m2 and 23947.1 m3/m2, respectively.

Photothermal-photocatalytic bifunctional highly porous hydrogel for efficient coherent sewage purification-clean water generation

Solar interfacial water evaporation based on photothermal materials presents great potential in tackling global water scarcity and environmental pollution. However, existing photothermal materials still suffer from performance deficiencies like insufficient evaporation rate and unreliable long-term stability, as well as single-function limitations leading to incomplete removal of contaminants from wastewater, severely hindering their practical applications. Herein, we develop a novel, cost-effective, highly porous hydrogel composite integrated with synchronous photothermal and photocatalytic effects by a facile two-step immobilization approach. This method involves an initial sonication-induced pre-polymerization of acrylamide to produce a viscous solution that uniformly disperses TiO2 nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), followed by a secondary in-situ free radical polymerization to achieve stable homogeneous TiO2/SWCNTs/polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel composite with an ultrahigh porosity of 88.40 %. Remarkably, the resultant hydrogel composite simultaneously exhibits excellent bifunctional photothermal and photocatalytic performances, including exceptional sunlight absorption of 99.35 %, high evaporation rate of 3.53 kg m−2 h−1, and high photodegradation efficiency of 84.27 % for methylene blue. Furthermore, the water evaporator fabricated with such hydrogel demonstrates consistent desalination performance over 40-day continuous monitoring with salt ion removal rates over 95 %, positioning it as a promising bifunctional material for coherent sewage purification and clean water generation.

IgG-Binding Peptidomimetic Mixed-Charge Polymer-Modified Resins for Chromatographic Purification of Antibodies.

The process of antibody purification using Fc affinity ligands such as protein A, G, and L faces several challenges including high cost, low stability, and loss of antibody activity due to harsh elution conditions. Here, we describe a chromatographic purification of antibodies utilizing a pH-responsive mixed-charge polymer that mimics the IgG-binding peptide (Z34C) derived from the B domain of protein A. The protein A mimetic resins were prepared by modifying the surface of a TOYOPEARL, methacrylate resin with a polymer that mimics the amino acid sequence of Z34C and the functions of histidine and acidic and neutral amino acids using histamine methacrylamide (HisMA), methacrylic acid, and neutral monomers. The therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab, was retained on the column at pH 7 and eluted under mildly acidic conditions at pH 5 using a protein A mimetic resin (HisMA20-EEMA) optimized for antibody interaction. The injected antibodies were selectively captured on the column by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions with the protein A mimetic polymer under neutral conditions and eluted by electrostatic repulsion under acidic conditions. The HisMA20-EEMA column successfully purified mAbs from mixtures with BSA, mouse ascites fluid, and hybridoma cell culture supernatant. In addition, the HisMA20-EEMA column consistently achieved 90% antibody recovery in 100 consecutive purifications from cell culture supernatant. The antibody purification method presented in this study is low cost, highly durable, easy to synthesize, and allows for mild elution conditions. The results demonstrate that the approach of mimicking IgG-binding peptides with mixed-charge polymers is useful for the development of column packing materials for antibody purification.

Deformation and fracture of lithosphere-inspired polymeric multi-layer composites

Inspired by the diversity of structures and patterns inherent in the earth's lithosphere, this study endeavors to enhance the interplay between stiffness and toughness through the introduction of a new class of polymeric multi-layer composite materials termed by the authors as "lithomers". Structured single-edge notched bending specimens were fabricated using a combination of additive manufacturing and casting, employing two different methacrylate-thiol resins. The outer layers exhibit a stiff and brittle characteristic, while the layer in between is compliant in nature. Three types of lithomers with wave-like structures and one with a rectilinear structure were investigated regarding their stiffness and toughness in a 3-point bending setup. The results were compared with those of a pure stiff matrix material. The findings revealed that fracture toughness increased regardless of the interlayer's shape compared to the pure matrix material. Correspondingly, this enhancement in fracture toughness correlated with a reduction in stiffness. The most balanced results in terms of stiffness and fracture toughness were achieved, with the lithomer having a wave-like structure in its initial stage. It exhibited a roughly 27 times improvement in fracture toughness with a moderate decrease in stiffness of approx. 1/5 compared to the pure matrix material.

Highly responsive and stable room temperature acetic acid gas sensor based on nano-composite of MXene Ti3C2TX-NiCo2O4-MnO2

Designing novel acetic acid gas sensors is highly imperative for human health. Two-dimensional (2D) layered MXene Ti3C2Tx is becoming an emerging and promising material in gas sensing. In this manuscript, the hydrothermal method was used to synthesize MXenes Ti3C2Tx/Nb2CTx supported NiCo2O4-MnO2 composites and pure materials. The structure, chemical composition and morphology of the samples were studied by SEM, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, XRD, BET, FTIR, UV–visible, XPS and Raman, justifying the successful synthesis of products. The layered structure of Ti3C2Tx enhanced the BET surface area and provided sufficient sites, which assisted the gas sensing improvement. The gas sensors were fabricated from synthesized products and were tested for different kinds of VOCs deeply. The results exposed that the gas sensor of Ti3C2Tx-NiCo2O4-MnO2 (5 % of Ti3C2Tx = NCO-Mn-Ti-5) was highly sensitive to 20 ppm acetic acid and very less responsive to all other VOCs (acetone, TMA, ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetylene and xylene) at room temperature. The response (Rg/Ra) to 20 ppm acetic acid was 12.5 and the lowest detection limit was 0.05 ppm. Additionally, the sensor of NCO-Mn-Ti-5 revealed great stability/reproducibility, short response/recovery times and linearity between acetic acid concentration and response. The idea of the novel sensor (NCO-Mn-Ti-5) could be potentially useful in the field of sensors.

Humidity-independent gas sensor based on Pt/SnO2/NiO with advanced CO sensing capabilities

Aimed at realizing the sensors capable of functioning effectively in high-humidity environments, the Pt/SnO2/NiO ternary composite materials featuring noble metal and p-n heterojunction structures was synthesized. The dispersion of SnO2 and Pt nanoparticles on NiO nanosheets was found to be excellent, resulting in a nearly twofold increase (99.45 m2g−1 of Pt/SnO2/NiO) in specific surface area compared to pure NiO materials (51.977 m2g−1). The CO sensitivity tests revealed that, in contrast to pure NiO sensors (with an optimal operating temperature of 290°C), Pt/SnO2/NiO ternary composites exhibited an optimal operating temperature (OOT) of 270℃, a decrease of 20℃ for CO detection at a relative humidity of 22 %. At this OOT, Pt/SnO2/NiO sensors consistently displayed high responsiveness (2.5 times higher than that of the pure NiO sensor), good selectivity, and rapid response-recovery times (the recovery time is reduced by nearly half compared to that of the pure NiO sensor). Furthermore, the sensors' responses to CO under different humidity conditions (from 22 % to 91 %) at 270℃ were investigated. The results demonstrated that Pt/SnO2/NiO sensors exhibited minimal variation in their response to CO at a range of relative humidity levels (41.5 % at 91 %, 39.5 % at 22 %, respectively). These results highlight that the enhancement of CO gas sensitivity in the sensors primarily results from the high catalytic activity of noble metal Pt and the p-n heterojunction interaction.

Improved Graphitization of Lignin by Templating Using Graphene Oxide Additives.

Techniques to improve the graphitization of lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer, are in great demand as a viable means to obtain cost-effective and less energy-intensive graphite for various applications. In this work, we report the effects of two-dimensional nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) and its derivative, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), used as templating agents for the graphitization of alkali-derived lignin. The hypothesis is that during heat temperature treatment, the GO additives act as a template that allows the lignin matrix to align on its basal planes through π-π interactions. In addition, possible chemical bonding between the GO additives and lignin may extend the two planar frameworks. Results from X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed improved graphitic quality in the lignin-GO and lignin-RGO samples compared to pure lignin at 2500 °C. Transmission electron microscopy images and selected area electron diffraction patterns also revealed ordered nanostructures and defined polycrystalline patterns in the lignin-GO and lignin-RGO samples. This work presents a method to synthesize graphitic-like materials using carbon-based templates with the advantage that there is no need for further purification of the final material as in the case of transition metal catalysts.

Investigation of thermochemical energy storage materials for building heating applications: Desorption behaviors of MgSO4·7H2O–silica gel composite

MgSO4-silica gel composites have a large potential for application in large-scale long-term energy storage systems, but the theoretical research on materials is not yet sufficiently thorough, and the reaction mechanism is still unclear, especially the lack of relevant experimental investigation and validation. Therefore, in order to better understand the nature and behavior of the desorption process, the reaction mechanism of monomer MgSO4·7H2O and MgSO4·7H2O-silica gel composites were investigated in this paper. The experimental results presented the desorption process of both the pure salt and the composites can be divided into six stages, and at 150 °C, the two can desorb 40.42 %–44.14 %, accounting for 79 %–86 % of the total desorption, so it is more appropriate to take 150 °C as the temperature of desorption in the energy storage system. The desorption mechanisms of pure salt and composite materials can be described by the same model in the same temperature range, and the desorption curve types and reaction mechanism models corresponding to different desorption temperatures were obtained, which were S-shape-A2 (110 °C and 120 °C), accelerated-R2 (130 °C), and decelerated-F1 (140 °C and 150 °C), respectively, which revealed the kinetics and control mechanisms of desorption process. The control mechanism, which was an important guideline for optimizing the heat and mass transfer process inside the salt particles. Compared with the pure salt, the activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the composites were lower, 48.55 kJ/mol (58.05 kJ/mol for the pure salt) and 3.31 × 104 s−1 (1.88 × 105 s−1 for the pure salt), respectively, indicating the number of active sites in the composites was higher and the reaction rate was faster; The lower the activation energy, the smaller the effect of temperature on the reaction rate constant. It can be seen the composite material is more advantageous in the process of practical application. After 60 cycles, the decay rate of adsorption/desorption performance of SM20 was only 5 %-8 %, indicating that the composite material had good cycling stability and can be used as a candidate material for large-scale long-term seasonal energy storage.

Fluorine-doped cobalt ferrite integrated into 2D MXene with extended solar spectrum response and boosted charge separation for the removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants

In investigating sustainable methodologies for removing recalcitrant organic pollutants from wastewater, visible-light-responsive photocatalysis has drawn considerable interest. Therefore, intentionally engineered photocatalysts with enhanced solar-light-absorption capacity and boosted charge carrier’s separation are highly demanded. In the present attempt, pure cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and its fluorine-doped counterpart (F-CoFe2O4) were fabricated via co-precipitation. The fluorine-doped material was integrated into the 2D MXene to design the composite (F-CoFe2O4@MXene) by the ultrasonication method. The structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties of the as-prepared catalysts were characterized by various techniques, including powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, UV–vis absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic potential was estimated by degrading crystal violet (CV) dye and benzoic acid (BA), which were selected as model pollutants. The composite material showcases significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency relative to the pure and doped materials. Under solar light exposure for 140 min, 91 % (0.0138 min−1) and 87 % (0.0133 min−1) of CV and BA degradation were achieved, respectively. The remarkable catalytic potential of the composite material corresponds to the fluorine doping and integration to the 2D MXene, which has enhanced its visible-light absorption and lowered the rapid recombination rate of the separated charges (e-/h+). Systematic studies, including reaction kinetics, dominating catalytic species in photodegradation, and stability of the catalyst, were followed through to disclose the photocatalytic potential of the designed F-CoFe2O4@MXene. Furthermore, the real-time applicability of the catalyst has been explored.

Modulating Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Phenothiazine Dioxide via External Heavy Atoms

Developing pure organic materials with ultralong lifetimes and balanced quantum efficiency is attractive but challenging. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to investigate external heavy atoms by linking molecular emitters with halogen through a flexible alkyl chain. X‐ray crystal analysis clearly reveal the halogen C‐X‐π interactions, which can be tuned by halogen donors, as well as the distance and geometry between them. Impressively, DOPTZ‐C3Cl featuring a chloride atom as donor, exhibits a balanced long phosphorescence lifetime of 1351 ms and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 10.1%. We also first demonstrate that Cl can induce more positive effect than heavier halogens (Br and I) on prolonging the lifetime. We envisage that the present study will expedite new molecular design to manipulate the room temperature phosphorescence via external heavy atom effect, and highlight a special C‐Cl··π interaction for the development of ultralong phosphorescent materials.

Modulating Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Phenothiazine Dioxide via External Heavy Atoms.

Developing pure organic materials with ultralong lifetimes and balanced quantum efficiency is attractive but challenging. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to investigate external heavy atoms by linking molecular emitters with halogen through a flexible alkyl chain. X-ray crystal analysis clearly reveal the halogen C-X-π interactions, which can be tuned by halogen donors, as well as the distance and geometry between them. Impressively, DOPTZ-C3Cl featuring a chloride atom as donor, exhibits a balanced long phosphorescence lifetime of 1351 ms and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 10.1 %. We also first demonstrate that Cl can induce more positive effect than heavier halogens (Br and I) on prolonging the lifetime. We envisage that the present study will expedite new molecular design to manipulate the room temperature phosphorescence via external heavy atom effect, and highlight a special C-Cl⋅⋅⋅π interaction for the development of ultralong phosphorescent materials.

Agricultural waste valorisation – Novel Areca catechu L. residue blended with PVA-Chitosan for removal of chromium (VI) from water – Characterization, kinetics, and isotherm studies

Arecanut, an industrial crop prevalent in tropical regions such as India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia, generates significant agricultural waste during processing. This study explores a waste-to-wealth approach by incorporating arecanut organic residue into Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - Chitosan blends via an eco-friendly continuous stirring method to develop an adsorbent film for removing chromium (VI) from water. Morphological analyses confirmed enhanced surface area, porosity, and roughness in the blended films. XRD and FTIR analyses indicated a semi-crystalline nature with a decrease in the characteristic peak intensity of PVA and chitosan, confirming the incorporation of arecanut residue. Optimal conditions identified OR-4 film, using 0.4 g of adsorbent, achieving 88.68 % removal of 173 mg/L chromium (VI) at pH 9.0, within 45 minutes at 40°C. SEM images demonstrated significant surface roughness reduction before and after adsorption, confirming chromium adsorption. Kinetic studies revealed a pseudo-second-order model and adsorption isotherms confirmed film surface heterogeneity. This research advances eco-friendly materials for water purification and offers a sustainable solution for managing agricultural residues.

Crystallization of Cathode Active Material Precursors from Tartaric Acid Solution.

In this study L-(+)-tartaric acid was used to extract metals from either pure cathode material (NMC111) or black mass from spent lithium-ion batteries. The leaching efficiencies of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn from NMC111 are > 87% at 70 °C, with an initial solid to liquid ratio of 17, and > 72.4±1.0% from black mass under corresponding conditions. The metals tend to form mixed phases in antisolvent crystallization and seeding has a minimal effect on the final solid composition. Impurities influence both crystal nucleation and growth. By controlling the antisolvent addition rate crystal growth can be promoted. The theoretical dielectric constant of the solution is shown to correlate excellently to the recovery efficiency across different antisolvents, where a value <52 results in over 95% total transition metal recovery efficiency. The correlation can be a powerful tool for quantitative prediction of optimal solvent composition for effective antisolvent crystallization.

ZnO/CuO heterojunction prepared by sol-gel: characterization and photocatalytic evaluation

ZnO, CuO and the ZnO/CuO heterojunction were prepared using zin acetate and copper acetate by sol-gel method. The materials were characterized by: TGA, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDS and UV-Vis. The heterostructure showed a synergistic effect compared to pure materials. The XPS results confirm the existence of a heterostructure. The morphology is a combination of characteristic morphologies of ZnO and CuO. The bandgap of ZnO decreases with the incorporation of CuO. The photocatalytic efficiency of the heterostructure increases; the degradation percentages were better for the heterostructures in both radiations: Ultraviolet and Visible.

The effect of single walled carbon nanotubes on conductivity and thermal properties of glass fiber reinforced composites

Abstract This paper reports on a comprehensive study of the effect of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) on the alternating current (AC) conductivity, thermal and morphological properties of the unsaturated polyester based glass fiber reinforced polymer composite (GFRPC). AC conductivity measurements were carried out using the impedance spectrum and thermal measurements were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a temperature range of 24-900 °C and heating rates of 20 °C/min. Impedance results showed that the conductivity behavior in the nanotube-loaded composite laminate obeys a Jonscher-type mechanism. At low frequencies, the conductivity value remains almost constant for the doped material and takes the value of 10-5 S/cm. It is observed that the AC conductivity starts to increase after the critical frequency value of approximately 103 Hz and increases up to 10-2 S/cm due to hopping and tunneling mechanisms caused by space charge polarization accumulated in the local regions at high frequencies. The pure material with an insulating nature also exhibited a typical insulating behavior. Thermal testing showed that nanotube reinforcement increases thermal conductivity in three different directions. DSC thermocurves analysis also revealed that the addition of carbon nanotubes increased the glass transition temperature of the material from 180°C to 190°C. The scaling and fractal analysis methods were also applied to obtain hetero morphological structure of materials. The fractal analysis results indicated that carbon nanotube doping to the standard sample increases the coating rates, scalability and heterogeneity of the solid phase surface of the sample. The coating rates of composite surfaces were calculated as 45% and 36%, respectively. Morphology analysis revealed that the probability of finding surface particles for the nanotube-doped sample decreased compared to the undoped sample, but the fractal dimension value increased. While this value was 1.83 in the pure sample, it increased to 1.92 in the nanotube material.