Punishment Of Children Research Articles

MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA HÀNH VI TRỪNG PHẠT THỂ CHẤT CỦA CHA MẸ VÀ HÀNH VI GÂY HẤN CỦA VỊ THÀNH NIÊN: VAI TRÒ TRUNG GIAN CỦA SỰ GẮN BÓ KHÔNG AN TOÀN

This study examines the relationship between prior parental physical punishment and future aggressive behavior in children, as well as the mediating role of anxious and avoidant attachment in the relationships. Using an 8-month longitudinal study design, data were collected at 3 waves, with a 4-month interval across waves. 762 students participated at Wave 1 (Mage = 12.1 (SD = 1.14), 48% female). The number decreased to 484 at Wave 2 and 368 at Wave 3. The Harsh Punishment was used to measure physical punishment at Wave 1, the Experiences of Close Relationship (short version) was used to measure avoidant and anxious attachment at Wave 2, and the Aggression Scale was used to measure aggressive behavior at Wave 3. Results showed that parents' physical punishment behavior significantly predicted the development of future aggressive behavior, and that anxious attachment played a mediation role in the relationship. These findings suggest the urgent need for developing measures to treat physical punishment and parent-child attachment as a solution to effectively address the prevalence of school violence in Vietnam.

“Stay in a Child’s Place”: Adult Authority in Schooling in the Louisiana Delta

It is well documented that Black children are disproportionately suspended and expelled in schools, but less explored is the importance of place in shaping disciplinary decision-making and student experiences of punishment. Drawing on over a year of ethnographic work at Abundance Junior High School (AJHS), a predominantly Black school of 150 students, I argue that school discipline in the rural northeast Louisiana Delta is shaped by racial, spatial, and social dimensions of place. Specifically, I argue that treatment and punishment of Black children in schools is shaped by (1) cultural expectations that they remain in “a child’s place,” a social position characterized by obedience and deference, and (2) socialization reinforcing respectability and compliance with authority informed by historical and contemporary threats of racial violence and Louisiana’s carceral logics. I conclude by discussing how these disciplinary and socialization practices, while motivated in part by the desire to protect Black children, ultimately reproduce forms of social control and harm students.

Corporal Punishment of Young Children: Parents’ Perceptions and Family Practices

ABSTRACT Our study aim was to examine the perceptions and experiences of parents regarding corporal punishment of children during early childhood within the context of traditional families. Participants of this qualitative phenomenological study were parental pairings of 11 preschool-aged children living in Eyyübiye district of Şanlıurfa, Türkiye. Data were collected through participant interviews during home visits and content analysis was followed for data analysis. It was revealed through the findings that parents used various forms of corporal punishment as a means of protecting family dignity as well as disciplining their children. It was also pointed out those traditional and cultural elements including parental respect, patriarchal structure, parental responsibilities of children, religious beliefs, and intergenerational transmission, which shaped how parents utilized and perceived corporal punishment. Finally, our study results were discussed in light of the relevant literature.

Beyond the discipline gap: the role of spectacular state violence in the discipline and punishment of Black and Indigenous children in US public schools

ABSTRACT Education research frequently measures and calls for an end to racial disparities in rates of US school discipline practices such as office referrals, suspension, and expulsion. This paper asks what a more expansive understanding of discipline can demonstrate about how schools discipline different students differently. Tracing the history of corporal punishment from Native boarding schools, through Ingraham v. Wright, to violent school policing and arrests today, the author finds that, because Black and Indigenous children can never be ‘normalized’ within white supremacist US schooling, the shift in disciplinary tactics that Foucault described never took place for these students and in fact, the functioning of normalizing school discipline for all depends on extraordinary, spectacular violence against the most marginalized. Rather than focusing on the discipline gap, education research must attend to the violence inherent in US schooling and seek to abolish it.

Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Behavioral Problems among Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Maternal Perceptions

OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify environmental risk factors associated with behavioral problems in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS A case-control study was conducted in children aged 4-15 years comprising 92 children diagnosed with ADHD and 92 controls without ADHD. Stratified sampling was used to select 184 participants residing in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces, Thailand. Data were collected from the mothers of the participants using a self-report questionnaire between May and August 2022. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: child characteristics (gender, age, underlying diseases, past illness history), mother’s characteristics (age, income, occupational status, history of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking), and maternal perceptions about caring for the child and the child’s behavioral problems (exposure to chemicals/toxicants, frequent punishment, excessive use of digital media and games). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression using SPSS version 21. RESULTS Most of participants were males (86.96%) while 13.04% were females. The results showed that the ADHD cases were significantly more likely than the controls to have underlying diseases such as G6PD, allergy, and asthma (p = 0.006). There was also a statistically significant correlation with smoking history in the mothers of ADHD cases (OR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.36-5.13 p = 0.004). In terms of maternal perceptions, the mothers of ADHD children were significantly more likely than the controls to have frequently punished the child (OR = 6.26; 95% CI: 3.24-12.07; p < 0.001), to have children who were exposed to chemicals (pesticides and fertilizer) or toxicants (passive smoking) (OR = 4.14; 95%CI: 1.76-9.73; p = 0.001), and to have allowed their child to use digital media and play video games excessively (OR = 2.82; 95% CI: 1.55-5.16; p = 0.001). After adjustment for other environmental risk factors, frequent child punishment (ORadj = 4.32; 95% CI: 2.13-8.78; p < 0.001) and exposure of the child to chemicals/toxicants (ORadj = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.00-7.02; p = 0.049) were found to be significantly related with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Frequent child punishment was the most significant environmental risk factor related to behavioral problems among children with ADHD. This indicates the importance of healthcare providers developing strategies and/or interventions to enhance knowledge and awareness in mothers of ADHD which can improve treatment outcomes. KEYWORDS ADHD, risk factors, behavioral problems, maternal percep- tions

Parent-child conflicts, and punishment of children during the three-week COVID-19 lockdown in Ghana

The study examined the factors contributing to children’s conflicts with their parents, the causes of parental punishment, and the underlying reasons for such punishment during the three-week lockdown enforced in Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional mixed-methods approach was used to obtain data from a sample of 385 children aged 10–17 in the Ghanaian cities of Accra and Tema. Approximately 58% of the participants reported experiencing parental conflict during the three-week lockdown period. Also, parent-child conflicts were more prevalent among older children than younger children, as well as among female children than male children. According to the findings, parental punishment was administered to two out of every ten children for misbehaviour that occurred during the lockdown. The pandemic increased financial hardships, placing many parents under pressure, and driving them to subject their children to many forms of punishment at home. It is recommended that extensive family support and psychosocial measures be put in place in the case of a pandemic lockdown to prevent excessive punishment that can lead to the abuse of children. The Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection (MoGCSP), which oversees child-related matters in the country must lead this.

Guest editors' introduction to special issue on corporal punishment of children in Australia

Guest editors' introduction to special issue on corporal punishment of children in Australia

The Relationship between Grandparents' Violent Discipline and School Bullying Behavior among Left-behind Children.

Most left-behind children in rural China are raised by their grandparents, whose parenting style significantly impacts children's development. This study examined the association between grandparents' violent discipline and left-behind children's school bullying. This cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 462 left-behind children aged 10 to 15 years old (Age Mean = 12.372, 49.351% girls) from four rural primary and junior high schools in Chongqing, China. There was a significant positive association between corporal punishment (β = .236, p < .001) and psychological aggression (β = .272, p < .001) of grandparents and children's school bullying. Empathy and moral disengagement mediate the above association. Cross-gender comparisons indicated that corporal punishment had a greater positive relationship with school bullying in boys than girls (βgirls = .154, p < .01; βboys = .250, p < .001). At the same time, boys' moral disengagement was also more likely to lead to school bullying (βgirls = .233, p < .001; βboys = .337, p < .001). We discuss the implications of these findings for preventing bullying in schools for children left behind.

Punishment of Children as Perpetrators of Maltreatment Based on Restorative Justice

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the application of criminal sanctions against children as perpetrators of restorative justice-based persecution in Semarang District Court Decision Number 5/Pid.Sus/Anak/2018/PN Smg. The method of approach in this writing is normative juridical. The specification of this research uses analytical descriptive. The data source uses secondary data. Data collection techniques using document studies. To analyze the data, researchers used qualitative analysis methods. The judge in deciding the case of maltreatment committed by a child against a child resulting in serious injury with a restorative justice approach in the Semarang District Court Decision Number 5/Pid.Sus/Anak/ 2018/PN Smg which states that the Defendant ARNES POLINUS SILALAHI alias ARPOL BIN J. SILALAHI is legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing the crime of "Participating in violence against children resulting in injury" as regulated and punishable in Article 80 paragraph (2) of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection is correct. This is in accordance with the charges of the Public Prosecutor and has been based on the facts in the trial, as well as the evidence submitted by the Public Prosecutor in the form of testimony from witnesses that are in accordance with the results of the Visum Et Repertum. And the defendant is considered physically and mentally healthy so that he is considered capable of taking responsibility for his actions. In addition, the legal considerations of the Judge in imposing punishment against the defendant of the crime of violence against children which resulted in serious injury were also appropriate. The judge sentenced the defendant ARNES POLINUS SILALAHI alias ARPOL BIN J. SILALAHI to 5 (five) months imprisonment. The judge has considered both from a juridical point of view, the facts in the trial, the testimony of witnesses, existing evidence, and based on the conviction of the judge.

Juridicial Review of Diversion Application Against Theft by Children

In juvenile criminal law, children are also involved in criminal acts. Children under 10 are usually not punished, while children aged 10-16 can be punished. However, in the enforcement of punishment for children, it is important to pay attention to their stage of development. The method in this study is normative way. The result showed that is is reflected in Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the juvenile criminal justice system, where diversion is used as an alternative to settlement outside of Justice. However, in certain cases such a number: 10/Pid.Sus.Child/2020 / Fr. Sgm, diversion is not applied because it only applies to child offenders who first make mistakes. In this case, the offender has committed a repeated criminal offense, so the judge decides to give a criminal sentence.

Children's third-party punishment does not change depending on the prospect of future interaction.

Children pay a cost to punish third parties for unfairness. However, theoretical debates highlight that such behaviors could reflect a strategic attempt to manipulate others in future interactions. The personal deterrence hypothesis claims that punishment is motivated to deter future unfairness toward punishers. Here we tested this hypothesis with a total of n = 248 five- to 10-year-olds. In two experiments, participants witnessed that a divider shared resources either fairly or selfishly with a third party. Participants learned that the same divider (same divider condition) or a new divider (different divider condition) would subsequently decide how to share resources with the participant. If children's punishment is motivated by personal deterrence, they should punish unfairness more often in the same divider condition (vs. different divider). Conversely, if children fear retaliation from dividers, they should punish dividers less often in the same divider condition (vs. different divider). Children intervened by taking resources away from the divider (Experiment 1) or by sending a disapproving or an approving verbal message (Experiment 2). Children were more likely to punish unfair than fair allocations through material punishment and disapproving messages, while being more likely to reward fair than unfair allocations by sending approving messages. However, children did so at the same level regardless of their future divider's identity. We discuss how these results speak to a children's emerging concern with fairness and how it challenges the notion that children punish for self-oriented reasons as suggested by the personal deterrence hypothesis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Attitudes Toward Violence and Cyberstalking: Gender’s Moderating Role

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of gender in the relationship between attitudes toward violence and cyberstalking. A total of 393 Brazilian’s volunteers composed the sample (Age mean = 29.3, SD = 8.54, EP = 0.43, 71.2% female). Overall, the results showed that a positive correlation between all four factors that compose the scale of attitudes toward violence with cyberstalking. Gender moderated this relationship (war: b = –0.45, t = –3.30, p<0.01, corporal punishment of children: b = – 0.40, t = –2.62, p < 0.01, penal code violence: b = –0.34, t = –3.20, p < 0.01, intimate violence: b = –0.74, t = –1.93, p = 0.05). Specifically, data indicated that the attitudes x cyberstalking relation only was significant in women. A possible explanation is that attitudes can function as a psychological mechanism to justify problematic behavior, increasing the probability of cyberstalking engagement. However, more studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Thus, it is concluded that the objectives were met, highlighting the role of attitudes in the perpetration of specific aggressive behaviors that are more prevalent among women, assisting in the study of online violence and its specificities.

Peculiarities of the formation and application of the institute of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice in the Kyrgyz Republic

Ensuring the rights and interests of juveniles involved in criminal activities is one of the priority tasks of the criminal justice system, but deprivation of liberty continues to be the most common punishment for children. The purpose of the study presented in this article is to determine the specifics of diversion (diverting) of juveniles from criminal justice and to consider the peculiarities of this legal institution in the justice system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The research employed both general scientific and specific legal methodologies, including logical-semantic, dialectical, abstract-logical, system-functional, historical, system-structural, comparative legal, and information legal methods. The study included consideration of the concept of diversion (diverting) of children from criminal justice, its difference from similar institutions (probation). The factors that determine the need for the earliest possible diversion (diverting) of a child from criminal justice, due to his or her age-related psychophysiological characteristics, were identified. International standards in the field of protecting children, particularly those related to the practice of diverting children from the criminal justice system, are considered. The main aspects of implementing international law on diversion of children within Kyrgyzstanʼs legal framework are identified and analyzed, alongside an examination of relevant provisions in national legislation. Drawing from the experiences of countries like Poland and Georgia, which have successfully implemented this legal mechanism, areas for potential improvement in the regulatory framework are identified. These include defining characteristics of the diversion process such as applicable stages, eligible offenses and age criteria for offenders, as well as the integration of mediation alongside diversion practices. Based on the results of the study, amendments to the national legislation of Kyrgyzstan are proposed, which can be used in the process of drafting bills to improve national legislation on juvenile justice and justice for

The Effects of Perception and Childhood History on the Likelihood of Using Corporal Punishment on Children in Southwest Nigeria

Purpose: Despite its prohibition in some countries, corporal punishment persists globally, with parents using it for preventive, corrective, or punitive reasons. However, factors contributing to its persistent use in many developing countries lack comprehensive understanding. This study explores some of these factors—perceptions of physical abuse, childhood history of corporal punishment, and perceived efficacy—associated with the corporal punishment of children in Nigeria, practiced in diverse settings such as home, school, and community.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to obtain a sample of 187 respondents from southwest Nigeria who participated in a survey exploring their perceptions, childhood history of corporal punishment, and likelihood of using such methods on children. They consist of 65.8% males (n = 123) and 34.2% females (n=64) with an average age of 26.60 years (SD = 5.91). Descriptive analysis was used to describe the demographic characteristics, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations.&#x0D; Results: The results reveal that the majority of respondents (n = 174, 93%) had experienced corporal punishment during their childhood and perceived it as effective in modifying a child’s behavior (n = 139, 74.3%). Weaker perceptions of physically abusive behaviors, a history of childhood corporal punishment, and support for the efficacy of such punishment were all correlated with an increased likelihood of using corporal punishment on children, although the positive and negative correlations were low.&#x0D; Conclusion: Findings emphasize the role of perceptions and childhood experiences in understanding parental use of corporal punishment. Addressing misconceptions about its effectiveness can reveal negative impacts, discourage use, and break the cycle of intergenerational transmission. The influence of weaker perceptions and support for corporal punishment suggests intervention potential, including parental awareness campaigns and educational programs to promote alternative disciplinary strategies for managing children's behavior.

An Evaluative Study of Impacts of Corporal Punishment on Students’ Personality at Primary Level in District Nowshera

Corporal punishment of children is a worldwide phenomenon children are physically punished in almost all society. Two key features define corporal punishment physical violence against children and the concept of punishment in response to wrong doing. Corporal punishment has great effect on the students in their academic life. It is conducted with in school. It has both positive and negative effects. When the students go against the rules and regulation and do not allow the discipline. Different types of punishment like kicking, slapping, punching or paddling etc. are given in the schools to change their negative behavior. It is observed that corporal punishment has negative effects on the student’s personality like they may falls in depression, fear and they start hatred from going to school. It will put bad effects on their personality, behavior and academic performance. Random sampling technique will be used. Data will be collected via questionnaire and then it will be analyzed by statistical package for social science (SPSS) software. Corporal punishment in schools reflects on large gap between current education policy that bans corporal punishment and actual implementations of the policy. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of corporal punishment in schools at primary level in District Nowshera.

PEMBINAAN TERHADAP ANAK DIDIK PEMASYARAKATAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN TERJADINYA PENGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA

Children are basically the next generation of the nation who should ideally grow and develop naturally according to their age, and be under the care and protection of parents, society and the state. In reality, there are children who commit criminal acts, such as theft, sexual abuse and narcotics. Punishment of children who commit criminal acts is carried out by the Special Child Development Institute as an effort to prevent repetition of criminal acts. The problem in this research is: How is the guidance of correctional students as an effort to prevent the recurrence of criminal acts at the Class II Special Development Institution for Children in Bandar Lampung and why are there inhibiting factors in the guidance of correctional students as an effort to prevent the repetition of criminal acts at the Special Development Institution Class II children from Bandar Lampung? The problem approach used in this research is empirical juridical. The data type consists of primary data and secondary data. Data collection through literature studies and field studies. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of this research show: Guidance for correctional students as an effort to prevent repetition of criminal acts at LPKA Class II Bandar Lampung is carried out in the coaching stages, namely initial coaching, advanced coaching and final coaching. Types of coaching include personality coaching (fostering religious awareness and fostering national and state awareness, fostering legal awareness and fostering intellectual abilities) as well as fostering independence. Factors that hinder coaching consist of statutory factors, namely the absence of technical instructions regarding coaching for children. crime, law enforcement factors, namely the quantity of guidance for correctional students, facilities and facilities factors, namely the limited means and facilities needed to carry out guidance, community factors, namely the negative attitude of the community towards former criminal children who have been released and returned to public

The prevalence of corporal punishment in Australia: Findings from a nationally representative survey

AbstractCorporal punishment is associated with adverse outcomes; however, little empirical data exists about the state of corporal punishment in Australia. This paper presents the first national prevalence estimates of experiences of corporal punishment during childhood among Australians and its use as adults by Australian parents and caregivers. We also report community beliefs about the necessity of corporal punishment. Results show corporal punishment remains common in Australia. A high proportion of Australians (62.5%) experienced corporal punishment in childhood, including almost 6 in 10 (58.4%) young people aged 16–24. Approximately half of all parents surveyed (53.7%) had used corporal punishment. A quarter of Australians (26.4%) believe corporal punishment is necessary to raise children, 73.6% do not view it as necessaryThe use of corporal punishment and belief in its necessity are lower among younger people. Findings indicate the experience of corporal punishment remains unacceptably high in Australia but that the use of corporal punishment and beliefs about its necessity may be changing. These findings have significant implications for policy and practice in Australia. Changes in legislation could reduce this form of violence toward children. Relatively low rates of endorsement of the necessity of corporal punishment suggest the Australian community may be receptive to attempts for law reform in this area.

43 A Qualitative Study to Establish a Culture Specific Presurgical Psychological Screening for Patients with Degenerative Spinal Disease in Taiwan

Objective:Presurgical psychological screening (PPS) is a procedure for mitigating possible unfavorable outcomes after spinal surgery. Although the effectiveness of PPS on degenerative spinal diseases has been investigated in Western studies, a potential cultural influence on PPS is still unknown. This study thus aims to explore the experiences of Taiwanese people before spinal surgery and tries to establish culture-specific components of PPS in Taiwan.Participants and Methods:A total of five participants aged from 44–69 with degenerative spinal diseases were eligible in this study. All participants visited a neurosurgical outpatient clinic for potential surgical treatment, and each participant underwent an one-hour semi-structured interview before surgery. The demographical information, medical history, psychological status (e.g., personality traits and emotional disturbances) and considerations to make a surgical decision, were recorded and further analyzed following the rule of grounded theory.Results:Four major components with 21 sub-components were reported when deciding to receive a surgical treatment for their spinal diseases, including disease-related considerations, medical information, self-concept and interpersonal relations. In terms of disease-related aspects, patients concerned about etiology, symptomatology, impacts, coping strategies and rehabilitation methods. As for medical information, patients paid more attention on medical compliance, the relationship with medical system, attitude for treatment, expectation to surgical outcomes, medical decisions and medical information. As for the self-concept, patients considered more on the impacts of disease on self-concept, strategies of emotional regulations and personality traits. In terms of interpersonal relations, patients reported more on the supportive resources, patterns of interpersonal activities and impacts of interpersonal relations on medical decisions. Additionally, other specific factors, such as past negative experiences (e.g., chronic insomnia, experiences of psychological counseling), litigation, physical punishment in childhood and social roles, were also reported.Conclusions:Like previous findings, our results supported that the interpersonal relations and doctor-patient relationship in PPS were important considerations before surgery, while we further evidenced that influences of family members on medical decision is determinant and unique in this culture.

Legal Protection Of Children As Perpetrators Of Criminal Acts In The Indonesian Juvenile Justice System

Child protection is an important thing that must be done by the state and society. The forms of child protection are carried out from all aspects, starting from guidance to the family, social control of children's socialization and proper handling through regulations made by the State. Juvenile offenses are crimes committed by children. Juvenile crime can be associated with the term "Juvenile Deliquency", which in Indonesian is known by various terms, namely child delinquency, juvenile delinquency, youth delinquency, stray cadets, or child jalin quersi. Etymologically, it can be explained that "Juvenile" means "child" while "Deliquency" means "crime". Thus "Juvenile Deliquency" is "Child Crime", while when it comes to the subject or the perpetrator, then "Juvenile Deliquency" means child criminals or bad children. The research method used in this writing is the normative juridical method carried out through literature studies that examine secondary data in the form of laws and regulations related to the child punishment system, and child protection laws as well as research results, and other references. This research uses normative legal research because of the provisions regarding sanctions against children in conflict with the law. Child Crimes. Environmental factors contribute greatly to crimes committed by children. The environment of children as victims of criminal acts of decency can also be said that children's crimes are caused by the community environment.

Application of diversion in the investigation of criminal acts in the field of traffic against children

The aim of this research is to analyze the application of diversion in restorative justice in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The type of research carried out is descriptive research with a normative legal research type related to the application of diversion in restorative justice in the criminal justice system. The results of the research show that the implementation of diversion in restorative justice in the system of implementing diversion for children who are in conflict with the law in the juvenile justice system, is the implementation of a system in restorative justice to provide justice and legal protection to children who are in conflict with the law without ignoring the child's criminal responsibility. Diversion is not a peaceful effort between children in conflict with the law and their victims or families, but rather a form of punishment for children in conflict with the law in an informal way. The recommendation in this research is that law enforcement officers, in carrying out their duties of investigation, prosecution, examination and determining case decisions at court hearings, should prioritize the application of diversion as an alternative to the application of imprisonment. There needs to be massive outreach regarding diversion to the community. The government should provide diversion facilities and infrastructure in order to guarantee protection for children.