Punched Cards Research Articles

A Study on the Problem of Employee Punch Card Substitution in Enterprise Management: The Case of Jingdong Enterprise

With economic progress and the continuous advancement of science and technology, the issue of employees substituting punch cards has gradually become a significant challenge in enterprise management. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the causes, effects, and countermeasures of the employee punch card phenomenon, with the aim of providing effective management recommendations for Chinese enterprises. In practice, enterprises should flexibly apply the countermeasures proposed in this paper according to their specific circumstances to prevent substitute punch card incidents and improve overall management efficiency.

Élő method based mobile TV recommendation system

AbstractStreaming services spread rapidly. Among these services there are the linear TV, video library or program review system, while the online platform offering these contents is called mobile TV. A recommendation system may not only keep existing clients, but may also generate further turnover, should it introduce new content to the users. In this paper a recommendation system based on the Élő point calculation method is addressed. It is detailed how the programs should be grouped into different dimensions and what type of categories should be considered. Further, the idea of punch cards is introduced. Besides, the user profiles are set. The match system introduced by Élő is applied to the present situation. The system is introduced at a local mobile TV provider with 20,000 users.

A standardized physician-modified endograft workflow utilizing the punch card technique and the Hungaroring reinforcement to treat complex abdominal aortic aneurysms

The physician-modified endograft technique is getting widely accepted as an alternative to standard fenestrated endovascular aortic repair. We report a streamlined workflow based on a bifurcation endograft, utilizing the punch card and the Hungaroring reinforcement, two novel additions to the armamentarium that might contribute to the safety and durability of such repairs.A cohort of eleven patients was treated with 43 vessels incorporated. Clinical success rate was 100%. No major adverse event or death was recorded at 30 days.The punch card and the novel reinforcement technique might improve the safety and durability of such repairs.

TROPIC: A program for calculating reduced transition probabilities

Measurements of level lifetimes and the extracted transition probabilities are one of the cornerstones of nuclear structure physics. The reduced transition probabilities, B(πλ;Ji→Jf) yield information about the structure, wavefunctions, and matrix elements of excited states connected by electromagnetic transitions in a given nucleus. The arsenal of techniques for measuring lifetimes continues to expand and presently includes a wide range of values from femtoseconds to microseconds. While lifetime measurement techniques vary, the extraction of transition probabilities remains the same. RULER is the program used by the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) and ENDSF evaluations, while TRANSNUCLEAR was developed at the University of Cologne and modified by a variety of groups. This paper presents a new program TROPIC (TRansitiOn ProbabIlity Calculator), which is the most modern and efficient way to extract transition probabilities B(πλ). TROPIC is a program written in Python 3 with the NumPy and SciPy libraries. This is in line with the advances that ENSDF and NNDC are making in moving away from the 80-character card punch input formats. Several design features were implemented to provide a streamlined process for the user and mitigate drawbacks that were present in other programs. The results from TROPIC have been compared with TRANSNUCLEAR and RULER. The answers are as expected identical, but the investment of input to output time is significantly reduced. TROPIC will be made available for public domain use, along with a user guide and example files. Program summaryProgram Title: TROPICCPC Library link to program files:https://doi.org/10.17632/958ygp2sb4.1Developer's repository link:https://github.com/ND-fIREBall/TROPICLicensing provisions: GPLv3Programming language: Python 3Nature of problem: An efficient way to calculate multiple reduced transition probabilities with minimal effort invested from the user.Solution method: A Python 3 script has been developed to read in a CSV file containing all necessary input parameters, calculate the transition probabilities listed in the CSV file, and export the results in three different output formats.

A Comparative study of Operating System for Internet of Things

Internet Of Things is nowadays one of the most advanced and in trend technology. Internet Of Things basically means the network which internally connects all hardware and software devices. All these devices connected through Internet Of Things can be controlled by the user. One of the core components of Internet Of Things is Operating System which is a kind of software written through which the use of punch cards and magnetic tapes were replaced and programs can be run by a single user with less efforts and less time consumption. Review paper is basically about how the Internet Of Things and Operating System operates, there pros and cons, features, core components, their cause of origin and how the Operating System is crucial component of Internet Of Things. The most renowned companies serving Internet Of Things as well as Operating System services are also listed, when and how they started, their products which were made specifically for the Internet Of Things purpose or were afterwards made to be used for Internet Of Things purpose. Not only the information about Internet Of Things and Operating System technologies are listed but also how these two are related to each other is also mentioned review paper. What was the past and present of the Internet Of Things and Operating System technology is listed here but what can be the future of the Internet Of Things and Operating System is also tried to be predicted on the basis of facts and figures. As a conclusion Operating System itself is a powerful technology but Internet Of Things needs Operating System to be implemented otherwise without Operating System Internet Of Things is just some hardware machines which needs to be operated in same old way though knobs and switches or Operating System can be said as a core of Internet Of Things world to some extent. Keywords- Internet Of Things, Operating System, Kernel, UI, GUI, NLI, CLI, API, Blockchain.

Design Method of Cam Steering Mechanism Based on Path Fitting

In order to improve the accuracy of a solar-powered punch card car’s movement on a designated route and reduce positional deviations during its operation, a solar-powered punch card car with a single cam as the steering guidance mechanism was designed. The car adopts a three-wheel structure. The transmission mechanism, steering mechanism, driving mechanism, and regulating mechanism of the car were analyzed. The kinematics model of the car was established and the motion characteristics of the car were obtained. By analyzing the relationship between the steering angle of the car and the curvature radius of its travel route, the front wheel angle of the car at each position was calculated using MATLAB R2020a. This allowed us to establish the relationship between the front wheel angle and the displacement of the steering push rod, which was further converted into the theoretical contour line of the cam. Subsequently, the theoretical contour line of the cam was completed and envelope correction was performed. Finally, through mechanical analysis and experimental verification using a prototype, the results indicated that the single-cam steering guidance mechanism calculated using this fast path fitting method exhibited excellent mechanical performance and a smooth and accurate trajectory, and the traveling path of the theoretical cam contour curve was basically consistent with the actual trajectory route.

Celestial Mechanics Leading up to the AAS Division on Dynamical Astronomy

This talk reviewed key developments leading to the establishment of the AAS Division on Dynamical Astronomy. In the 1890s, Simon Newcomb calculated astronomical constants and ephemerides for solar system bodies that were internationally adopted and used for 80 yr. The introduction of punch card equipment in the 1940s and computers in the 50s allowed much faster computations. Launches of Sputnik, Explorer, Vanguard, and Mercury satellites led to computing the orbits of satellites around the Earth and the field of astrodynamics. Dirk Brouwer's death in 1966 resulted in the celestial mechanics faculty at Yale spreading across the country. The space program, radar observations, and faster computers propelled advances in celestial mechanics. Teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed solar system ephemerides using numerical integrations fit to optical observations and radar ranging measurements. It was time for the AAS Division on Dynamical Astronomy.

Preliminary MELCOR Input Deck for Steady State and Turbine Trip Analysis of the NuScale US600 SMR

This paper models NuScale’s SMR using MELCOR by relying on specifications in the latest Final Safety Assessment Report (FSAR) submitted to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC). The input deck was crafted from scratch using only publicly available data and reasonable assumptions. Benchmark results for steady state and a turbine trip transient are presented, with the former showing excellent agreement with the reference values, while the latter produces shows slight deviations in the mass flow rates. As a preliminary study, the results are within acceptable limits and encourage further refinement to the model for use in other accident progression cases.

Reducing the user burden when running MELCOR for accident analysis for a tokamak

MELCOR is a software tool for accident analysis with a long history in the fission sector. A model has been developed for use in MELCOR, using proposed layouts of EU DEMO and assumptions based on current design choices, to facilitate safety design and development for fusion power plants.There seems however to be a misconception that MELCOR is difficult to run and that the tasks must be executed sequentially. Accident analysis also requires reruns of multiple slightly different scripts. We have streamlined the running of MELCOR tasks to allow simultaneous execution on a computing cluster. The input decks are version controlled within UKAEA's internal GitLab repository, and shell scripts wrap the separate MELCOR invocations, embed specific job parameters, and keep separate the inputs and outputs of multiple separate instances.We illustrate the streamlined running using two examples: a matrix representing potential responses to an incident by different valves, and a parameter sweep across a range of response times for a single valve. The new technique is shown to be a much faster method of carrying out sensitivity studies and allowing further investigations into specific areas of concern in more detail.

The 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project: Problem Definition

Summary This article contains the description of, and call for participation in, the 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project (the 11th SPE CSP, https://spe.org/csp). It is motivated by the simulation challenges associated with CO2 storage operations in geological settings of realistic complexity. The 11th SPE CSP contains three versions: Version 11A is a 2D geometry at the laboratory scale, inspired by a recent CO2 storage forecasting and validation study. For Version 11B, the 2D geometry and operational conditions from 11A are rescaled to field conditions characteristic of the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Finally, for Version 11C, the geometry of Version 11B is extruded to a full 3D field model. The CSP has a two-year timeline, being launched at the 2023 SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference and culminating at the 2025 SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. A community effort is run in parallel to develop utility scripts and input files for common simulators to lower the threshold of participation; see the link to supplementary material on the CSP website. At the time of writing, complete input decks for one simulator are already ready for all three versions.

Analysis of main steam line break accident on a BWR test facility using TRACE

PUMA-E is an integral test facility, which is used for extensive experimental investigations to study the behavior of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) plants under accident conditions. The TRACE code is the best estimate thermal hydraulic system code developed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for performing nuclear power plant safety analysis. The aim of the present work is to conduct a short validation study of the TRACE code applied to the PUMA-E facility. Firstly, a TRACE model of the PUMA-E facility was developed based on the existing RELAP5 input deck. Then, an additional facility TRACE model with reactor pressure vessel modeled by three dimensional “VESSEL” component was also established. After that, a Main Steam Line Break accident test was simulated, and the calculation results were compared with experimental data and RELAP5 simulation results. The TRACE simulation capability to predict the accident phenomenon of BWR test facility was evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative methods. On the basis of the above research, the base case accompanying with one Gravity Driven Cooling System tank failure accident was carried out based on the three facility models. The validity and reliability of the simulation results of the different facility numerical models were mutually verified through a qualitative comparison of the simulation results.

Modeling Dam Break Events Using Shallow Water Model

Estimation of the potential consequences from events occurring downstream of a dam is part of the risk assessment needed during the installation phase of a new dam. In the case of specific natural or man-made ongoing or prospected events, it may also be important to carry out fast computations that can provide information on the areas at risk either because the original design analyses are not available or because the parameters needed are different. This study aimed to develop a procedure that strongly facilitates the preparation of the input deck and the derivation of the output quantities to allow a fast analysis of a dam break event using a shallow water model, NAMI DANCE, as the analysis tool. The analysis shows that in a few minutes, it is possible to obtain the input deck for a new case. This makes it possible to include the prospected methods into automatic routines in analytical tools such as the Global Disasters Alerts and Coordination System (GDACS) to have a quick overview of the expected flood due to a dam break event.

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the ASTEC simulations results of a MBLOCA scenario in a generic KONVOI plant using the FSTC tool

This paper presents the results of uncertainty and sensitivity (U&S) analysis of Medium Break Loss-of-Coolant (MBLOCA) severe accident (SA) scenario simulations performed with the ASTEC code with a generic input deck prepared for a KONVOI-1300 nuclear power plant (NPP). The analysis was done with the in-house Fast Source Term Calculation Tool (FSTC) (currently: KArlsruhe Tool for Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis (KATUSA)). Part of the presented here results – analysis of MBLOCA scenario simulations up to the basemat rupture - were already shown at the ERMSAR conference in 2022. Here an extension related to the analysis of shorter MBLOCA simulations (up to 6000 s after lower head vessel failure (LHVF)) and investigation of the influence from adding correlations between uncertain input parameters is given. The analysis allows to identify which uncertain input parameters influence the release of fission products (FPs) in the containment and environment at the different stages of SA progression.

The One-Away Effect: The Pursuit of Mere Completion

Abstract A series of controlled studies found that consumers counter-normatively prefer something nearly complete over something complete. We call this phenomenon the “one-away effect” because we find that when consumers are, for example, one stamp away from completing a punch card loyalty program, they value the card more than a completed card. This is because their valuation of the one-away card is influenced by their anticipation of merely completing the card, which generates its own utility, apart from the card’s end-reward (a free coffee). To wit, the prospective utility of performing the final action that fulfills completion increases consumers’ valuation of the one-away card. Our findings suggest that consumers are motivated to complete goals, tasks, and sets not only to obtain their end-rewards, but also because merely completing things is intrinsically motivating and can be a goal in and of itself. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the one-away effect, as well as the general notion of mere completion.

Impact of PSI-KIT Nitriding model on hypothetical Spent Fuel Pool accident simulation

In past years the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Switzerland) and the Karlsruhe Institue of Technology (KIT, Germany)) collaborated to develop a model to account for the active role of nitrogen in the air oxidation of a Zircalloy cladding. The “PSI-KIT Nitriding Model for Zirconium based Fuel Cladding” model was implemented at PSI into PSI-MELCOR 1.8.6.In order to make a preliminary evaluation of the effect of the new model on the evolution of full-scale spent fuel pool accidents, one spent fuel pool event was analyzed using the PSI research version of PSI-MELCOR 1.8.6, which includes the nitriding model. To adapt an existing input deck for the calculations, a sensitivity study was conducted to find an optimal nodalization for the analyses. The nitriding model results were compared to those calculated with the MELCOR 1.8.6-PSI without the new nitriding model.The results demonstrate the effect of the nitriding reactions in spent fuel pool accident progression. Moreover, they confirm the impact of ZrN formation during cladding oxidation in air when the oxidation reactions lead to oxygen starvation inside the fuel assemblies. The nitriding reaction led to higher chemical heat generation during the accident and to an earlier failure of the cladding than when the effect of nitrogen reactions was not considered.It should be noted that the nitriding model, as implemented in the PSI version of MELCOR 1.8.6 has not yet been conclusively validated. Thereby the results presented in this paper should be treated as a preliminary demonstration of the capabilities of the model.

Solid-State MoS2 Nanopore Membranes for Discriminating among the Lengths of RNA Tails on a Double-Stranded DNA: A New Simulation-Based Differentiating Algorithm

A robust and reliable detection scheme of RNA tails grown on a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) can pave the way to a denser encoding of DNA-based storage systems that use the punch card mechanism. Here, we develop a systematic algorithmic approach based on signal processing to detect the presence of RNA tails on dsDNA as well as to differentiate the tail lengths from the transverse conductance signal of MoS2 membrane nanopores. Combining all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with electronic transport modeling, we suggest a method to detect RNA tails with lengths of 10, 15, and 20 nucleotides separated by 10 base pairs. Modified dwell times obtained by using normalized DNA velocity provide an easy and intuitive way to distinguish the lengths of the RNA tails. We show that this technique can be extended for multiple tails, separation distances, and substrate DNA lengths.

Safety-oriented SFR core design: Methodology and application to transient bifurcations and stability maps analyses

Within the framework of the Generation IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) R&D program of CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission), a methodology is proposed to early consider safety requirement in the undergoing reactor design process. Before the use of mechanistic tools (CATHARE, SIMMER, EUROPLEXUS, etc.) whose input deck elaboration requires an advanced knowledge of the reactor design, the methodology proposed in this article involves several physical tools simulating phenomena likely to govern the choice of design parameters. These tools are mostly based on reduced order models (ROM), meaning that they mainly involve low-dimensional modelings (mostly 0D and 1D) that are validated versus experimental results. They are gathered in a platform that covers all kind of accidental phenomenology, from the initiator (pump trip, reactivity insertion, local flow blockages, etc.) until the reach of a stable and coolable state after corium relocation. Thus, enabling a large number of simulations in a reasonable computational time, this fast-running platform makes possible the characterization of some major accident transient bifurcations (such as boiling onset, boiling stabilization, primary power excursion, molten fuel vaporization, corium axial relocation in transfer tubes, etc.), in terms of probability of occurrence and of consequences on the transient evolution. It also enables to identify the main physical parameters causing the bifurcations in order to allow a straight feedback on the core design and to give some orientations for future R&D studies. In this article, a focus is firstly made on some scenario bifurcations to illustrate the platform capabilities. The boiling onset and possible reactor state stabilization are studied. The possibility of primary power excursion depending on the core design and the fuel vaporization possibilities are assessed. This platform is also of great help in order to rapidly compare several core designs when facing accidental transients. An example is given by comparing a CADOR core design to an ASTRID-like core design through flow stability maps in natural circulation conditions obtained by the fast-running tool platform. These applications demonstrate the efficiency of the presented methodology integrating safety at the very first design stages, and at facilitating the safety-oriented design of SFRs.

Parametric MELCOR 2.2 sensitivity and uncertainty study with a focus on aerosols based on Phébus test FPT1

The Phébus test FPT-1 was carried out to investigate the fission product release, transportation, and distribution in the reactor coolant system and the simulated containment during a severe accident. The test was divided into three phases: the core degradation, aerosol transport, and containment phenomena. In this work, a parametric sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the two first phases, i.e., core degradation and aerosol transport, is conducted with the focus on aerosol parameters.The study was done in a frame of WP4 of the European MUSA project whose main objective is to develop a methodology for severe accident uncertainty analysis.Due to the wide scope of the MUSA project, this study focuses not only on the UQ analysis but also on the parametric dependency and data interpretation. The main subject was investigating the uncertainty of the MELCOR 2.2 aerosol models and the relation between the chosen parameters as well as evaluating the usability of essential analytical tools available for such analyses.The calculations were carried out using the integral severe accident code MELCOR2.2 and the generic input deck of the FPT-1 experiment. The uncertainty quantification tool DAKOTA was used as a statistical tool. It was coupled with MELCOR within the SNAP environment.Fifteen uncertain parameters related with the aerosol release and transport were investigated. Two figures of merit were chosen to be the amount of deposition of Cs in the reactor coolant circuit, and the mass of air-borne aerosol in the containment. Preliminary analysis showed a significant correlation between the aerosol dynamic and agglomeration shape factors, density and minimum aerosol diameter with both FOMs. In addition to the standard uncertainty analysis, five MELCOR/DAKOTA UQ sensitivity calculations with modified parameters were performed and analyzed. Additionally, the impact of the parameters was investigated by excluding the most correlated ones from the analysis. The results confirm the strong correlation of shape factors and the importance of their ranges for overall UQ results.The authors show that by coupling the chosen analytical tools together, it is possible to carry out uncertainty quantification of severe accident analysis.Based on the study performed, the authors underline the need for further investigation of parameter distributions, the effect of the chosen number of samples on the results, and a global time-dependent UQ analysis.

WAYS TO FORM CORRECT WRITING HABITS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

The article talks about the ways of forming spelling habits in elementary school students. Written speech plays an important role in a person's life. The decisive indicator at the level of writing culture is its level of literacy. Society has always recognized the need for orthographic literacy in order to ensure mutual understanding of people in written communication. That is why the issue of teaching literate writing has been and continues to be one of the central problems at all stages of development of the national school. Formation of stable spelling habits requires numerous and varied studies aimed at mastering grammatical concepts and spelling rules. For this purpose, the efficiency of using grammatical-orthographic and etymological analyses, studies accompanied by face transfer, various types of teaching and checking spellings, lexical-orthographic studies, expressions and essays, mnemonic principles, didactic aids and organization of work with punch cards was emphasized.

Seismic analysis of a steam generator for Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes

Safety qualification of a steam generator is a crucial issue related to faulted condition design loads, including earthquake loads, and it should be ensured that the structural integrity of a steam generator does not exceed its design load. Using data from the Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes, the two most powerful recorded seismic events in Korea, seismic analyses of a typical steam generator are conducted in this study. The modal characteristics are used to develop an input deck for these analyses. With a time history analysis, the responses of the steam generator in the event of an earthquake are obtained. In particular, the displacement, velocity, and acceleration responses are obtained in the time domain, with these outcomes then used for a detailed structural analysis as part of the ensuing assessment. The response spectra are also generated to determine the response characteristics in the frequency domain, focusing on the response comparisons between the Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes. Structural integrity can be ensured by performing additional analysis using results obtained from the time history analysis considering the input excitations of various earthquakes considered in the design.