Pumpkin Seed Oil Research Articles

Protective Effects of Carotenoid-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Against Ochratoxin-A-Induced Cytotoxicity.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceous and various Penicillium species, which are known for contaminating agricultural products and posing significant health risks, which include immunotoxicity. This study aims to evaluate the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with a carotenoid-enriched extract from pumpkin peel (Cucurbita maxima L.) in mitigating the toxic effects of OTA. To address the poor bioavailability and instability of carotenoids, nanoencapsulation techniques were employed to enhance their delivery and efficacy. NLCs were formulated using hydrogenated sunflower oil, pumpkin oil, and soy lecithin using hot high-pressure homogenization. The in vitro study involved co-digesting OTA-contaminated bread with an NLC formulation and assessing the impact of the encapsulated carotenoid on OTA bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and cellular toxicity using Caco-2 and Jurkat T cells. Even though no significant influence was observed on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of OTA, carotenoid-loaded NLCs exhibited cytoprotective effects by improving cell viability and mitigating OTA-induced toxicity in both Caco-2 and Jurkat T cells. Particularly, the flow cytometry analysis highlighted the ability of carotenoids to mitigate OTA-induced cellular damage by decreasing ROS production and limiting mitochondrial mass changes. The study suggests that the encapsulation of carotenoids in NLCs represents a promising strategy to enhance their protective effects against OTA toxicity, potentially offering a novel approach to food safety and public health protection. The study underscores the potential of nanotechnology in improving the bioavailability and efficacy of natural antioxidants to mitigate mycotoxin-induced damage.

Pumpkin seed oil lessens the colchicine-induced altered sex male hormone balance, testicular oxidative status, sperm abnormalities, and collagen deposition in male rats via Caspase3/Desmin/PCNA modulation

This study examined the efficiency of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) to rescue the colchicine (CHC)-induced adverse impacts on sperm characteristics, male sex hormones, testicular architecture, oxidative status, DNA content, collagen deposition, and immune expression of desmin and PCNA. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 each): control (distilled water), CHC (0.6 mg/kg b.wt), PSO (4 mL/kg b.wt), and CHC + PSO. After 60 days of dosing, CHC significantly reduced sperm motility (19%), sperm concentration (38%), estradiol (52%), testosterone (37%), luteinizing hormone (54%), and follicle-stimulating hormone (29%) compared to the control. Yet, the testicular tissues of CHC-administered rats exhibited elevated abnormal sperms (156%), malondialdehyde (354%), lactate dehydrogenase (73%), Caspase-3 (66%), and 8-hydroxyguanosine (65%) but lower reduced glutathione (74%), catalase (73%), and superoxide dismutase (78%) compared to the control group. Moreover, CHC induced testicular degeneration, distorted seminiferous tubules, apoptotic cells, exfoliated spermatogenic cells, reduced DNA content, decreased PCNA and desmin immune-expression, and increased collagen deposition. PSO effectively reversed the CHC-induced alterations in sperm quality and testicular function and architecture, likely through its antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-apoptotic, and DNA-protective properties. These results suggest that PSO may be a beneficial intervention for long-term CHC users and may protect against CHC-induced male reproductive toxicity.

Pumpkin seed oil: unveiling its potential in controlling inflammation and pathogenicity during experimental trichinellosis

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory potential of pumpkin seed oil in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis by demonstrating its impact on MMP-9 expression and pathogenesis during the intestinal and muscular phases.ResultsIn this study, 100 mice were divided into five groups: an infected group, a pumpkin seed oil-treated group (1.5 mg/kg BW, administered three times per week), an albendazole-treated group, a native control group, and a pumpkin oil control group. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the pumpkin seed oil revealed a broad spectrum of biologically active compounds. The pumpkin seed oil treatment led to a significant reduction in the parasite burden, with a 75% decrease in adult worms and a 66% decrease in encysted larvae. Additionally, the infected animals treated with pumpkin oil exhibited a marked reduction in intestinal inflammation, characterized by a progressive increase in goblet cells. The number of encysted larvae in the diaphragm and muscle tissues was also significantly decreased. Furthermore, pumpkin seed oil treatment significantly reduced MMP-9 levels in both intestinal and muscular tissues, highlighting its potential to attenuate inflammation.ConclusionThese findings underscore the effectiveness of pumpkin seed oil as anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic agent.

Application of pumpkin oil as a new feed additive in Cobb Avian 48 broilers: its effect on performance, carcasses, digestive enzyme, blood metabolites and cecal bacterial load

Application of pumpkin oil as a new feed additive in Cobb Avian 48 broilers: its effect on performance, carcasses, digestive enzyme, blood metabolites and cecal bacterial load

Evaluation of Pumpkin seed oil and its chitosan-Arabic gum nanoparticles on the viability of Aspergillus flavus and inhibition of total aflatoxin in beef sausage

Aflatoxins are one of the most harmful fungal metabolites that represent a greater concern to food safety due to their socio-economic and adverse effect. Aspergillus flavus is considered one of the important fungi producing aflatoxins. A more frequent development of aflatoxins in the feed and food chain is obviously predicted as a result of the most recent extreme weather conditions documented globally. Novel strategies are necessity to mitigate the health and economic effects that associated with fungal and mycotoxin contamination in food without any impact on public health. Given its nutritional value and potential health benefits, pumpkin seed oil has the potential to be used in food products on a larger scale. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) and its nanoparticles as antifungal against A. flavus and aflatoxin inhibition and investigate their potential role to be used in beef sausage. In the present study, pumpkin seed oil nanoparticles (PSO-NPs) were prepared. Morphology of PSO-NPs were analysed with transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results indicated that PSO-NPs having a size of 220 nm and PDI 0.432. The antifungal activity between PSO and PSO-NPs were evaluated by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). It was observed that MIC against A. flavus was 6.25 and 1.5 μl/ml for PSO and PSO-NPs, respectively. Furthermore, depending on MIC results, PSO and PSO-NPs were used in beef sausage to inhibit A. flavus and inhibit the total aflatoxins. Moreover, the sensory evaluation was evaluated. Regarding aflatoxins, PSO and its nanoparticles exhibited a reduction in aflatoxin levels to 66.6%) and 32.2 % respectively, as determined by the ELISA technique. In conclusion, this study confirmed the inhibitory role of PSO and PSO-NPs to be used in food product to control A. flavus growth with a potential reduction in aflatoxin levels. The results open a promising avenue for their use as a safe, bioactive natural preservative in the food industry.

Potential Role of Pomegranate Peel Extract Versus Pumpkin Seed Oil in Prevention of Tongue Cytotoxicity Induced by Methotrexate in Male Albino Rats:Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Potential Role of Pomegranate Peel Extract Versus Pumpkin Seed Oil in Prevention of Tongue Cytotoxicity Induced by Methotrexate in Male Albino Rats:Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Sustainable hydrothermal co-carbonization of residues from the vegetable oil industry and sewage sludge: Hydrochar production and liquid fraction valorisation

In this study, the hydrothermal co-carbonization (co-HTC) of residues from the vegetable oil industry (pumpkin oil cake – PC, hemp oil cake – HC) and sewage sludge (SS) was investigated for the first time. The co-HTC was performed at 250 °C and a treatment time of 5 h. The effects of the mass ratio of the feedstocks (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) on the properties of the HTC products were investigated using various analytical methods (NMR, XRD, 3D-EEM, FTIR, etc.).The co-HTC of SS with oil cakes resulted in improved fuel properties of the hydrochar and an increase in C content from 36.9 to 53.7 wt%, and an increase in the higher heating value (HHV) from 14.8 to 23.6 MJ/kg. The combination with HC gave hydrochars with a higher HHV and higher C content than the combination with PC. The hydrochar yield varied in the range of 39.4–55.3 wt%. NMR analysis revealed a higher proportion of aliphatic (∼60 %) than aromatic compounds (∼35 %) in the hydrochars, as well as a high content of orthophosphate and unsaturated fatty acids. The liquid fractions were rich in nutrients and organic compounds, but toxic to aquatic organisms. The hydrochars and liquid fractions performed well in the germination test with plant species.

Histological Study on the Possible Protective Effect of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Cyclophosphamide Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Adult Male Albino Rat

Histological Study on the Possible Protective Effect of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Cyclophosphamide Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Adult Male Albino Rat

Wound Healing Efficacy of Cucurbitaceae Seed Oils in Rats: Comprehensive Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Histological Studies Tackling AGE/RAGE and Nrf2/Ho-1 Cue.

The Cucurbitaceae family includes several edible species that are consumed globally as fruits and vegetables. These species produce high volumes of seeds that are often discarded as waste. In this study, we investigate the chemical composition and biological activity of three seed oils from Cucurbitaceae plants, namely, cantaloupe, honeydew, and zucchini, in comparison to the widely used pumpkin seed oil for their ability to enhance and accelerate wound healing in rats. Our results showed that honeydew seed oil (HSO) was effective in accelerating wound closure and enhancing tissue repair, as indicated by macroscopic, histological, and biochemical analyses, as compared with pumpkin seed oil (PSO). This effect was mediated by down-regulation of the advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its receptor (RAGE) cue, activating the cytoprotective enzymes nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), suppressing the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and reducing the levels of the skin integral signaling protein connexin (CX)-43. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining for epidermal growth factor (EGF) showed the lowest expression in the skin after treatment with HSO, indicating a well-organized and complete healing process. Other seed oils from cantaloupe and zucchini exhibited favorable activity when compared with untreated rats; however, their efficacy was comparatively lower than that of PSO and HSO. Gas chromatographic analysis of the derivatized oils warranted the superior activity of HSO to its high nutraceutical content of linoleic acid, which represented 65.9% of the fatty acid content. This study's findings validate the use of honeydew seeds as a wound-healing fixed oil and encourage further investigation into the potential of Cucurbitaceae seeds as sources of medicinally valuable plant oils.

Development and Characterization of Ethylcellulose Oleogels Based on Pumpkin Seed Oil and Rapeseed Oil.

In contrast to rapeseed oil, pumpkin seed oil has yet to be well investigated in terms of oleogelation, and, to the best of our knowledge, no study related to the use of ethylcellulose (EC) in the structuring of this oil has been identified in the current scientific literature. Therefore, the present study evaluated several oleogels formulated with EC as the oleogelator in different concentrations of 7% (OG7) and 9% (OG9), based on cold-pressed pumpkin seed oil (PO) and refined rapeseed oil (RO), as well as on mixtures of the two oils in different combinations: PO:RO (3:1) (PRO) and PO:RO (1:1) (RPO). Physicochemical properties such as visual appearance, gel formation time (GFT), oil-binding capacity (OBC), oxidative and thermal stability, and textural characteristics were analyzed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) were used in the statistical analysis of the data, with a significance level of p < 0.05. EC proved to be an effective structuring agent of the mentioned edible oils; the type of oils and the concentration of oleogelator significantly influenced the characteristics of the obtained oleogels. The 9% EC oleogels exhibited a more rigid structure, with a higher OBC and a reduced GFT. Pumpkin seed oil led to more stable oleogels, while the mixture of pumpkin seed oil with rapeseed oil caused a significant reduction in their mechanical properties and decreased the OBC. After 14 days of storage, all oleogels demonstrated proper oxidative stability within the bounds set by international regulations for edible fats, regardless of the kind of oil and EC concentration. All of the oleogels showed a higher oxidative stability than the oils utilized in their formulation; however, those prepared with cold-pressed pumpkin seed oil indicated a lower level of lipid oxidation among all oleogels. The P-OG9 and PR-OG9 oleogels, which mainly included PO and contained 9% EC, demonstrated the optimum levels of quality in texture, GFT, OBC, and oxidative stability.

Updated Review on: Cucurbita Maxima (Pumpkin Seed) oil for acne relief patches

Acne being one of the dermatologic problems that affect people at different ages has multiple origins. The purpose of this review is to address whether or not pumpkin seed oil functions as an effective therapy for acne and could be used alongside acne patches. In the introduction, different types of acne are explained with some explanation of how such is developed. This is a crucial introduction to a detailed analysis of how Pumpkin seed oil may be useful in managing acne. The review focuses the diverse types of acne, ranging from non-inflammatory comedowns to inflammatory papules and nodules, highlighting the need for targeted and effective treatment strategies. Pumpkin seed oil, consist of essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory properties, emerges as a promising candidate for acne treatment. Review explore about acne patches as a novel and targeted delivery system form pumpkin seed oil. Different types of acne patches are discussed, each designed to address specific aspects of acne pathogenesis.

The modulation effect of green tea and pumpkin oils on hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and hematological abnormalities in an experimental multiple sclerosis rat model

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that can impair the body’s physiological functions. Although many diseases have been successfully treated with herbal treatments for a long time, the majority of the herbs utilized have unclear mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the modulation effects of green tea oil (GTO) and pumpkin oil (PO) on hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and hematological abnormalities in an experimental multiple sclerosis rat model.MethodsForty albino male Wistar rats (weighing 120–140 g) were divided into four groups of six each: group 1, the control group; group 2, the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-injected group; and groups 3 and 4, the MOG-injected groups treated with GTO and PO at 5 mg/kg b.w., respectively. At the end of the experiments, animals were anesthetized with diethyl ether inhalation, and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. A Beckman Coulter was then used to determine the differential complete blood counts. The obtained serum was rapidly collected and stored at 20 °C to assess the lipid profile and oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers.ResultsOur findings showed that GTO and PO treatment produced a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels. Furthermore, GTO and PO treatment alleviated the elevated cardiovascular risk indices 1 and 2. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration significantly decreased and glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels significantly increased in rats injected with MOG and treated with GTO and PO. Furthermore, after GTO and PO treatment, the reduced red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemoglobin content (Hb%), lymphocyte percentage, and hematocrit (HCT) of MOG-injected rats increased, while the elevated white blood cells (WBCs), platelet, and neutrophil percentage substantially declined.ConclusionCollectively, our research revealed that GTO and PO may be capable of modulating hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and hematological abnormalities in the MS rat model.

Optimization of the Process for Obtaining Antioxidant Protein Hydrolysates from Pumpkin Seed Oil Cake Using Response Surface Methodology

Pumpkin seed cake, a byproduct of cold-pressed oil production, represents a food waste material with a great potential for valorization. The objective of the present study is to optimize the papain enzymatic hydrolysis process of pumpkin seed cold-pressed oil cake (CPC) to obtain protein hydrolysates with the highest antioxidant activity. Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the simultaneous effects of an enzyme concentration of papain, a temperature, and a reaction time on the process of enzymatic hydrolysis on pumpkin seed cold-pressed oil cake (CPC). For these three input factors, different values are used—1, 2, and 3% for papain concentration, 20, 30, and 40 °C for temperature, and 60, 120, and 180 min for hydrolysis time. Thus, the design generated a total of 21 experimental runs. The aim is to obtain protein hydrolysates with the highest antioxidant activity. The responses DPPH and ABTS were calculated and the determined regression models were statistically analyzed and validated. The results revealed that optimal conditions included a papain concentration of 1.0%, a temperature of 40 °C, and a hydrolysis time of 60 min to retrieve the highest level of bioactive compounds.

Design and Evaluation of Hair Growth - Hair Fall Oil Formulation from Botanicals

Hair loss in adult men albeit common, can cause emotional distress. Many people with hair fall issues try chemical-based treatments that may lead to health complications and allergic reactions. Cosmetics using natural ingredients derived from plants have fewer side effects compared to synthetic alternatives. The study aimed to formulate herbal hair oil using various ingredients like castor oil, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, pumpkin oil, etc. and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth and prevention of hair fall (HG-HF). Besides, the oil was supposed to provide a range of benefits for hair health, including preventing dandruff, improving scalp health, providing antioxidant properties, and thereby protecting against oxidative damage. The DPPH radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the oils. Varying IC50 values were found such as olive oil and sunflower oil showed IC50 values of 3.79 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml respectively. Hence, these oils have significant antioxidant activity with a strong ability to scavenge or neutralize free radicals. A study was conducted on sixteen volunteers with hair loss, dandruff, and other hair problems to check the performance of the oil. 56.25% of the participants experienced increased hair growth and 50% reported a decrease in hair fall after using the oil for 3 months, with no remarkable side effects. Data demonstrated effectiveness and overall acceptable perception of the HG-HF oil by the participants. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 9-18, 2024 (January)

Comparison of Spectroscopic Techniques Using the Adulteration of Pumpkin Seed Oil as Example

The aim of the present study was to compare different spectroscopic techniques using the example of adulteration of pumpkin seed oil with rapeseed oil in combination with a multivariate regression method. A total of 124 pure seed oils and 96 adulterated samples (adulteration levels from 0.5 to 90.0% w/w) were analyzed using mid infrared, Raman, and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To build quantification models, partial least squares regression (PLS-R) was used. The regression performance parameters, latent variables, and the detection limits (in terms of root mean square error of PLS prediction) calculated when applying the different spectroscopic approaches were compared. For the studied example (pumpkin seed oil adulterated with refined rapeseed oil), the lowest detection limit (3.4% w/w) was obtained for 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. For the mid infrared and Raman spectroscopy, detection limits of 4.8% w/w and 9.2% w/w, respectively, were obtained, which might be used as screening methods.

EVALUATION OF THE OXIDATIVE THERMAL STABILITY OF FISH OIL WITH THE ADDITION OF PUMPKIN SEED OIL OR ROSEMARY EXTRACT

The present study investigates the thermal stability of the commercial fish oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and compares the sensory properties of pure fish oil with a mixture of fish oil and added rosemary extract (RE), as well as roasted and unroasted pumpkin seed oil, at a concentration of 5 %. All samples were monitored using FTIR spectroscopy to measure the specific absorptivity of conjugated dienes (CDs) and conjugated trienes (CTs), as well as the peroxide value. Additionally, GC/FID was employed to evaluate the oxidative degree of the fish oil and compare the antioxidative effect of roasted pumpkin seed oil, specifically in comparison to rosemary extract. For this purpose, the oil stability was optimized by comparing the oxidation levels of fish oils exposed to range of temperature, including 23°C, 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, and 110°C. This was done in the presence of a low percent of rosemary extract, unroasted pumpkin seed oil (UPSO), and roasted pumpkin seed oil (RPSO). Based on the obtained results, a clear difference is observed in the blended samples, particularly when roasted pumpkin seed oil is used. This difference is evident in the ultraviolet chemical parameters, fatty acid profile, and most notably in the optimized FTIR vibrational bands. The ratios of area peaks such as 3444/2854, 1745/2854 and 3010/2854 are considered important parameters for monitoring the chemical changes and lipid stability. All the chemical parameters confirm the possibility of enhancing the stability of fish oil by blending it with healthy pumpkin seedoil. The composition of pumpkin seed oil increases the stability of fish oil. Consequently, it is evident that pumpkin seed oil, known for its high healthy benefits, can successfully be used to improve the thermal and oxidative stability of fish oil lipids. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define clusters, which revealed a wide range of both chemically changed and unchanged samples. The application of FTIR spectroscopy as an alternative method provides excellent parameters for easy operation, affordability, and ecological considerations, making in an efficient tool for controlling the quality of edible oils.

Efficiency of natural oils as alternative adjuvants to mineral oils in inactivated avian influenza vaccine formulation

ABSTRACT 1. The effectiveness of inactivated vaccines depends on selecting the suitable adjuvant for vaccine formulation. The potency of vaccines with low antigen content can be improved with the appropriate adjuvant. This could allow production of more doses and lower the production cost. 2. This study evaluated the efficiency of vaccines prepared using oil extracted from natural sources including argan oil, almond oil, sesame seed oil, pumpkin oil, cactus oil and black seed oil as alternative adjuvants for improving the protection capacity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine as compared to commonly used mineral oils. 3. Each vaccine formulation was evaluated for stability, safety and immunogenicity in chickens, as well as for reducing the viral shedding after challenge infection. 4. The cactus, sesame and pumpkin seed oil-based vaccines were found to be potent and successfully induced the production of humoral immunity in vaccinated chickens.

Activities of pumpkin seed oil against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and the infective stages of Schistosoma mansoni with special emphasis on genotoxic and histopathological alterations.

Schistosomiasis is a serious health issue in tropical regions, and natural compounds have gained popularity in medical science. This study investigated the potential effects of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) on Biomphalaria [B.] alexandrina snails (Ehrenberg, 1831), Schistosoma [S.] mansoni (Sambon, 1907) miracidium, and cercariae. The chemical composition of PSO was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A bioassay was performed to evaluate the effects of PSO on snails, miracidia, and cercariae. The results showed no significant mortality of B. alexandrina snails after exposure to PSO, but it caused morphological changes in their hemocytes at 1.0 mg/ml for 24 hours. PSO exhibited larvicidal activity against miracidia after 2 hours of exposure at a LC50 of 618.4 ppm. A significant increase in the mortality rate of miracidia was observed in a dose- and time-dependent manner, reaching a 100% death rate after 10 minutes at LC90 and 15 minutes at LC50 concentration. PSO also showed effective cercaricidal activity after 2 hours of exposure at a LC50 of 290.5 ppm. Histological examination revealed multiple pathological changes in the digestive and hermaphrodite glands. The PSO had genotoxic effects on snails, which exhibited a significant increase [p≤0.05] in comet parameters compared to the control. The findings suggest that PSO has potential as a molluscicide, miracidicide, and cercaricide, making it a possible alternative to traditional molluscicides in controlling schistosomiasis.

Ameliorative Potential of Pumpkin Seed Oil (Cucurbita pepo L.) Against Tramadol-Induced Oxidative Stress.

The increase in the therapeutic use of tramadol in the management of moderate to severe pains in some disease conditions and its unregulated access has led to its associated toxicity and there is little or no information on the protection against its associated toxicity. Considering the medicinal value of pumpkin seed oil, its availability, and neglected use, it becomes necessary to evaluate the possible potential of the seed oil in tramadol-induced oxidative stress in Wister Albino rats. This study used fifty-six (56) albino rats to determine the impact of Cucurbita pepo seed oil (CPSO) on tramadol-induced oxidative stress. The rats were grouped into 7. After a week of acclimatization, rats in group 1 (normal control) had access to water and food, while rats in group 2 received 5mL/Kg (b.w) of normal saline. 100mg/kg of tramadol (TM) was delivered to groups 3-6 to induce toxicity. The third group (TM control) received no treatment, whilst the other 3 groups (TM-CPSO treatment groups) received 5, 2.5, and 1.5mL/Kg of CPSO, respectively. Group 7 received only 5mL/kg CPSO (CPSO group). Similarly, groups 2 through 7 had unrestricted access to food and water for 42days and received treatments via oral intubation once per day. Indicators of oxidative stress were discovered in the brain homogenate. TM toxicity was demonstrated by a considerable increase (P < .05) in the brain MDA level and a significant drop (P < .05) in the brain GSH level, as well as a significant reduction (P < .05) in GPx, catalase, SOD, GST, and quinone reductase activities. The dose-dependent delivery of CPSO was able to restore not only the activity but also the concentrations of the altered markers.

Investigation of the Effect of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Seed Oil on Pentylenetetrazole-induced Neuronal Damage in HT-22 Cell Line

Recent studies have shown the positive effects of Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin) seed oil (PSO) in different disease models. However, the effect of PSO on neurological diseases has not been clarified yet. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the effects of BBS on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced neuronal damage and the possible roles of oxidative and nitrosative stress in this effect in vitro. The HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cell line was used in the study. Cell survival after PTZ-induced neuronal damage was evaluated with the XTT test in the groups. While the effects of BBS on total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) after PTZ were measured with colorimetric commercial kits, its effects on neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were also determined by ELISA kits. In light of the data obtained, it was found that pre-treatment with PSO prevented the decrease in cell survival after exposure to PTZ. In addition, it has been found that PSO normalizes the increase in TOS, nNOS, and NO in neuronal cells after PTZ. As a result, it was determined that the treatment of neuronal cells with PSO prevented neuronal damage caused by PTZ and showed neuroprotective properties. It is thought that PSO may achieve these effects through oxidative and nitrosative systems. Enrichment of a daily diet with PSO might be beneficial in reducing the risks of neurological diseases.