Pulsed Electric Discharge Research Articles

Progress in the creation of long-lived atmospheric luminous formations in a pulsed electric discharge with an electrolytic electrode

This work presents an analysis of the research conducted in many countries in recent years on the so-called Gatchina discharge. The findings indicate that the Gatchina discharge exhibits the majority of the characteristics of natural ball lightning, making it the most effective method for reproducing and studying this phenomenon. To a large extent, our new results are based on experiments performed for the first time to visualize dust particles arising in an erosive emission, as well as the formation of vortex flows. These experiments make it possible to explain the ability of the Gatchina discharge to maintain its shape for a long time in the afterglow.

Electrical and optical characteristics of a nanosecond pulsed electrical discharge in air in contact with a water droplet for various electrical conductivities

Abstract Interactions between pulsed electrical discharges and liquid dielectric materials is a growing research field with interests in fundamental discharge physics as well as in applications. Herein, we present an experimental study on the dynamics of nanosecond discharges in air with the presence of a water droplet with various electrical conductivities (EC) and at different applied voltages (Va). The discharges are characterized optically, by employing time-resolved ICCD imaging and optical emission spectroscopy, as well as electrically, by acquiring the current-voltage waveforms for every discharge. The results show that three modes of discharges can be obtained: i) streamer discharge between the cathode and the droplet, ii) streamer discharge between the cathode and the droplet as well as between the anode and the droplet, and iii) spark discharge that connects the two electrodes and propagates over the droplet. We find that the probability to obtain one of the three discharge modes is strongly related to the droplet’s EC as well as to Va. Although the ignition of the streamer is relatively insensitive to EC, its transition to a spark can be finely controlled by the droplet’s EC. The time-resolved ICCD images show that the discharge initiates in the gap between the cathode and the droplet, followed by ignition between the anode/ground electrode and the droplet. Then, an extinction phase is observed before the ignition of a secondary streamer, and depending on the conditions, the discharge may transition to a spark, i.e. a channel with high emission intensity. We find that the duration of each stage of discharge propagation as well as the corresponding emission (path and intensity) are sensitive to droplet’s EC. Finally, emissions from streamers (primary and secondary) as well as from sparks are analyzed using optical spectroscopy. We find that the emission from the streamers is dominated by the second positive system of N2, and that the droplet’s EC does not significantly influence the emission spectra nor the estimated rotational temperature of N2.

Research of heat conductivity of quartz material

In the article the results of a study of heat conductivity and thermal resistance of quartz-containing materials were presented. The object of the study was a quartz mineral from the Aktas deposit, located in the Ulytau district of the Karaganda region. The initial size was a piece of quartz mineral measuring 5–10 mm, which was disassembled mechanically. To prepare the samples under study, quartz powder 0.2 mm thick, crushed by the electric pulse method, was used. Electropulse technology is one of the methods based on the influence of Yutkin, accompanied by the formation of a specially formed high-voltage pulsed electrical discharge inside a volume of liquid. The pulse discharge frequency of the electrohydropulse installation for grinding the mineral to the required fraction was f = 3 Hz, the pulse capacitor capacitance C = 0.4 μF, the pulse discharge voltage U = 18–37 kV. The samples under study were made in the following dimensions: width 100 mm, length 100 mm, height 25 mm. To evaluate the thermophysical properties of manufactured samples in a stationary mode, the ITP-МG4 “100” installation was used, which determines the heat conductivity and thermal resistance of materials for thermal insulation of industrial equipment and pipelines in accordance with GOST 7076, based on the thermoelectric method, and GOST 30256, based on the thermal probe method. As a result of the study, a graph of the temperature dependence of heat conductivity and thermal resistance of quartz-containing materials was obtained. Based on the results obtained, it was established that the thermophysical parameters of the sample containing quartz are lower compared to the sample consisting of cement.

THE EFFECT OF ELECTRIC PULSE TREATMENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF HEMP FIBRE

The production of competitive textile products can be ensured by using natural, environmentally friendly fibres, which include hemp fibre, as raw materials. To expand the possibility of its use, an essential operation is the pre-treatment of the fibre. The use of electric pulse processing of hemp fibre will provide the ability to control the depth of cottonization, select optimal parameters that collectively evaluate the spinning ability of the fibre and correspond to the permissible similar indicators of cotton fibre. The purpose of the work done is to study the mechanism of electric pulse processing of hemp fibre by identifying its structural characteristics under various processing modes for further use. The work carried out studies of the process of cottonization of hemp fibre by a physical-mechanical method using an electric pulse discharge from 500 to 2500 cycles. An effective mode of electric pulse processing of fibres has been established, amounting to 2500 pulses of electric discharges, which makes it possible to obtain cottonized hemp fibre with the required spinning ability. The parameters of cottonized hemp fibre have been determined, allowing the use of hemp cottonin to produce mixed yarn using a card spinning system on cotton spinning equipment.

Pulsed processing by cold plasma, applied to industrial emission control.

A promising pollution control technology is cold plasma driven chemical processing. The plasma is a pulsed electric gas discharge inside a near atmospheric-pressure-temperature reactor. The system is energized by a continuous stream of very short high-voltage pulses. The exhaust gas to be treated flows through the reactor. The methods applied involve the development of robust cold plasma systems, industrial applications and measuring technologies. Tests of the systems were performed at many industrial sites and involved control of airborne VOC (volatile organic compound) and odor. Electrical, chemical and odor measuring data were collected with state-of-the-art methods. To explain the test data an approximate solution of global reaction kinetics of pulsed plasma chemistry was developed. It involves the Lambert function and, for convenience, a simple approximation of it. The latter shows that the amount of removal, in good approximation, is a function of a single variable. This variable is electric plasma power divided by gas flow divided by input concentration. In the results sections we show that in some cases up to 99% of volatile pollution can be removed at an acceptable energy requirement. In the final sections we look into future efficiency enhancements by implementation of (sub)nanosecond pulsed plasma and solid state high-voltage technology and by integration with catalyst technology.

Analysis and NDT applications of a gas discharge electroacoustic transducer

In this study, a gas discharge electroacoustic transducer (GDEAT) based on a pulsed electric discharge in the air under atmospheric pressure has been investigated. By evaluating acoustic pressure and recording amplitude-frequency characteristics of membranes, the acoustic characteristic of GDEATs have been obtained in the frequency range from 40 Hz to 4 MHz. The electro-thermo-acoustic processes have been studied in gas discharge systems of an open type where the electrode space is in a direct contact with the ambient. Some features of using the above-mentioned GDEATs in nondestructive testing (NDT) of materials have been demonstrated. It has been shown that, on one hand, the wear of both electrodes and insulation limits a work life of a transducer electrode system, but, from the other hand, this may lead to deposition of micro-particles on the surface of an object under test. The wear of electrode systems was evaluated quantitatively, and the results of the chemical analysis of deposited micro-particles have been presented. The use of a GDEATs for non-contact stimulation of local resonant vibrations in subsurface defects and visualizing vibrations by means of laser dopler vibrometry has been shown in the case of NDT of a glass fiber composite.

A solid-state pulse power sub-nanosecond SiC DSRD-based generator with high-voltage and high repetition frequency for pulse discharge water treatment

Water treatment is one of the most important issues for all walks of life around the world. The unique advantages of the solid-state power electronic pulses in water treatment make it attractive and promising in practical applications. The output voltage, rising time, repetition rate, and peak power of output pulses have a significant impact on the effectiveness of water treatment. Especially in pulse electric field treatment and pulse discharge treatment, the pulse with fast rising time achieves the advantage of generating plasma without corona, which can avoid water heating effect and greatly improve the efficiency of the pulse generator. High repetition rate can significantly reduce the peak power requirement of the pulse in water treatment application, making the equipment smaller and improving the power density. Therefore, the study developed a high-voltage high frequency sub-nanosecond pulse power generator (PPG) system for wastewater treatment. It adopts SiC DSRD (Drift Step Recovery Diode) solid-state switches and realize modular design, which can achieve high performance and can be flexible expanded according to the requirements of water treatment capacity. Finally, an expandable high-voltage PPG for water treatment is built. The output parameters of the PPG include output pulse voltage range from 1 to 5.28 kV, rise time <600 ps (20%–90%), repetition up to 1 MHz. The experiment results of PPG application for pulse discharge water treatment is presented. The results indicate that the proposed generator achieves high-efficiency degradation of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), which is one of the most common chlorophenol compounds in wastewater. From experiment, the homemade system can degrade 450 mL waste water containing 500 mg/L 4-CP in 35 min, with a degradation rate of 98%. Thereby, the requirement for electric field intensity decreased. Through the further quantitative analysis, the impact of frequency, voltage, and electrode spacing on the degradation effect of 4-CP is confirmed.

Experimental study on EDM of network microstructure titanium matrix composites

ABSTRACT The network microstructure titanium matrix composites (NMTMCs) exhibit excellent properties but research on its machining remains limited. In this paper, single and continuous pulse electrical discharge machining (EDM) experiments were conducted on the NMTMCs composed of Ti6Al4V matrix combined with 5% vol. network distributed TiB whisker (TiBw). The impact of TiBw on EDM was analyzed in comparison to the machining results of pure Ti6Al4V. The results indicate that the TiBw reinforcements absorbs pulse energy during the machining process, resulting in smaller areas and more complex morphologies for the EDM craters. Based on this, a linear absorption model for pulse energy by reinforcement strips is proposed. Furthermore, in continuous pulse EDM with low capacitance settings, the presence of TiBw tends to generate micro pores on the surface and reduce material removal rate (MRR). However, when using higher capacitance settings, MRR for NMTMCs can surpass that achieved for pure Ti6Al4V.

Plasma-induced Polymerization and Grafting of Acrylic Acid on the Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabric Using Pulsed Underwater Diaphragm Electrical Discharge

Polypropylene (PP) nonwovens are used in many hygiene, healthcare and medical products due to their low cost, high chemical resistance and inertness. From an economic point of view, PP textiles would be used as an excellent support material in regenerative medicine or tissue engineering, but here surface functionalization is necessary to ensure cell adhesion and proliferation. Acrylic acid (AAc) is an excellent source of carboxylic-rich (-COOH) coatings suitable for this purpose, but their multistep preparation is time-consuming. Plasma polymerization provides an excellent solution to this demanding procedure since the process of polymerization and grafting to the substrate takes place simultaneously. Here, we propose a relatively fast and effective method for AAc plasma polymerization by using a pulsed underwater diaphragm electrical discharge operated in an aqueous solution consisting of AAc. AAc layers are successfully grafted onto PP nonwovens, which are continuously rewound through the slit where the plasma is generated. The presence of plasma polymerized AAc layer in the fibrous structure of PP nonwoven was monitored by SEM, FTIR and XPS measurements. Additionally, the improved wettability and adhesion characteristics were investigated by the critical wetting surface tension (CWST) method, the standard method of strike-through time (STT) and „tape-peel“ test. Resulting AAc modified PP nonwoven possesses hydrophilic character, enhanced adhesion and a considerable amount of -COOH groups on the surface. Although after the washing test the FTIR and XPS results indicated a lower concentration of the carboxylic groups, the CWST and STT measurements confirmed the stable hydrophilic character of the PP nonwovens surface.

Influence of a laser intensity on EUV brightness and ion speed from a laser-assisted discharge-produced plasma

Laser-assisted discharge-produced plasma (LDP) is one of the ways to generate extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light used in the semiconductor manufacturing processes. This light source uses a pulsed laser and a high-current pulsed electrical discharge to make a high-temperature and high-density tin plasma. One of two rotating disk electrodes, of which surfaces are coated by liquid tin (Sn), is irradiated by the laser to produce tin plasma. The plasma propagates from one electrode (cathode) to the other (anode) and ignites an electrical breakdown between the electrodes. The low-inductance circuit connected to the electrodes provides a current of approximately 15 kA and 150 ns to the tin plasma. The plasma implodes due to its own magnetic pressure, and EUV radiation is emitted from the resultant hot and dense plasma. High-speed ions are also emitted from the plasma and limit the lifetime of the mirror used to collect the EUV light. We need to maximize the light emission and minimize the ion emission. The role of the laser is essential in the LDP EUV source not only to ignite the discharge but also to condition the initial plasma. It influences EUV energy, EUV brightness, and emitted ion speed distribution of the plasma. The experiment suggested that laser intensity higher than 25 GW/cm2 produced high EUV brightness and low emitted ion speed.

A generalized physical principle of development of plasma channel of a high-voltage pulse spark discharge in a dielectric

Goal. Development of the generalized physical principle of development of plasma channel of a high-voltage electrical pulse spark discharge in the homogeneous dielectric of the different aggregate state. Methodology. Basis of physical optics, theoretical electrical engineering, electrophysics bases of technique of high-voltage and large pulse currents, bases of high-voltage pulse technique and measuring technique. Results. Development of physical principle of development of plasma channel of an electric pulse spark discharge is executed in a homogeneous gas dielectric on the applied example of the use in calculations and experiments of the double-electrode discharge system (DEDS) with a long air interval, testing action of standard interconnect аperiodic pulse of high-voltage of temporal shape of Tm/Тd≈200 μs/1990 μs of positive polarity. The generalized formula is got for the calculation of total length of lc of the real way of development of an pulse spark discharge in an air dielectric, which allowed to formulate the offered physical principle in the following kind: «The plasma channel of an pulse spark discharge in a gas dielectric spreads from one of its points to other after a way length of lc, providing the least falling on it of electric voltage of Uc». It is shown that this principle in the first approaching can be applied and to the homogeneous liquid and hard dielectrics. Comparison of the developed physical principle of distribution of plasma channel of an electrical spark discharge is executed in a dielectrical environment with fundamental Fermat physical principle (a law) for distribution of light in an optically transparent environment, which specifies on mathematical likeness and closeness on destiny of these physical principles. Calculation estimations of falling of electric voltage of Uc on total length of lc of the real zigzag way of development in the air dielectric of DEDS a «edge-plane» with the least length of its discharge interval of lmin=1,5 m is presented, that a value Uc does not exceed 9 % from the experimental level of aggressive voltage of Umd≈611,6 кV in this DEDS for the аperiodic pulse of voltage of Tm/Тd≈200 μs/1990 μs. It is set that the estimated time of td advancement of leader channel of electric pulse discharge in air DEDS (lmin=1,5 m) on its real way total length of lc≈1,53 m makes td≈15,3 μs, and experimental duration of cut of Tdc of the indicated аperiodic impulse of voltage utilized in experiments, characterizing time of short circuit by the plasma channel of discharge of air interval in DEDS, appears equal Тdc≈td≈17 μs. Originality. The generalized physical principle of development of plasma channel of a high-voltage electrical pulse spark discharge is first developed in the homogeneous dielectric of the different aggregate state. Practical value. Application in electrical engineering practice and high-voltage pulse technique of the offered principle of distribution in the dielectrics of plasma channel of an pulse spark discharge will allow to develop both new and to perfect the existent methods of computer design of electro-discharge processes in the gas, liquid and hard insulation of different high-voltage electrical power engineering and electrophysics devices, directed on the increase of reliability of their operation.

Turbulent Boundary Layer Separation Control Using Magnetohydrodynamic Plasma Actuator

The pulse electric arc discharge in an external magnetic field is studied as a vortex generator in the subsonic boundary layer. A pulsed Ampere force induces a hairpin vortex near the wall; its structure depends on the relative direction of arc propagation and external flow velocity. The data presented in this article were obtained from parametric studies of vortex characteristics and their effects on the boundary layer profile at various actuator momentum coefficients (Cμ=1−30) and vortex sizes relative to the boundary layer thickness (D/δ=0.5−1.2). Also, the control of turbulent boundary layer separation on a bump at a flow velocity up to 50 m/s was attempted. An average shift of the separation line by 15% of the bump height was obtained at a flow velocity of 50 m/s and a total momentum coefficient of 0.6%.

NN‐based method for regulating electrical impulse firing behavior of semiconductor low‐dimensional nanomaterials

AbstractIn the process of regulating the electrical pulse emission behavior of polyoxide‐semiconductor low‐vinamethylene material neural network (NN) by adsorption of oxidation/reduction molecules, the electrical pulse behavior in the NN is uncontrollable. In order to develop a new method to solve this problem, we analyze a regulatory method to study the emission behavior of electrical pulses by regulating the charge transfer of oxidation/reduction molecules between polymetalate semiconductors and low‐vinamethylene materials. In this paper, BP neural network is used to process and model the electrical pulse discharge behavior of semiconductor low‐vinamil materials. By establishing the neural network model, the precise control of the electrical pulse emission behavior is realized, and experiments are carried out. The experimental results in this paper show that after using the BP NN to calculate the regulation of the electrical pulse discharge behavior of low‐dimensional nanomaterials, it can be seen that the charge threshold am is 6 when no redox molecules are added. When NH3 is adsorbed, the charge threshold am is 13 according to the change ratio of the corresponding charge barrier height. Through the simulation results of pulse emission recorded by the NN, it can be seen that the amplitude and frequency of electric pulse in a molecular NN are reduced. This research provides new methodological and theoretical support for the development of novel neural networks and intelligent electronic devices based on semiconductor low‐dimensional nanomaterials.

Investigation of the influences of pulsed electrical discharges on the grinding of quartz raw materials

The article considers a method for obtaining raw materials — quartz powder, used to increase the resistance of building materials to adverse natural facts (wind, rain, etc.). When obtaining raw materials necessary for construction from quartz mineral, it is pre-crushed to the desired size. New methods and technologies are proposed to improve the processes of grinding solid materials. One of these methods is the electric pulse method. This method is designed for grinding solid materials with the formation of pulsed electrical discharges in a liquid volume. When processing natural ores by the electric pulse method, the resulting contaminated with metal in the working chamber. The paper analyzes the granulometric composition of quartz powder and determines the degree of grinding of raw materials depending on the parameters of electrical pulse discharges. The investigations on the processing of raw materials were carried out at various parameters of the number of pulse discharges and discharge voltage. In experiments, quartz fractions with a diameter of 10 mm were crushed by the electric pulse method and a product with a diameter of 0.4-1 mm was obtained. Since quartz is crushed in a liquid medium, the amount of water consumed was studied to obtain the necessary granulometric composition of raw materials. The dependences of the degree of quartz grinding on the number of pulse discharges and the discharge voltage are obtained. The results of grinding the material by pulsed electrical discharges allow us to evaluate the main parameters of the process implemented in the electro-pulse method of destruction of solid material.

Water aerosol in an artificial analogue of natural dall lightning

This article is dedicated to the study of a brightly glowing spherical formation called a plasmoid, which occurs with a special type of pulsed electric discharge above the water surface. The lifespan of a luminous ball is quite long; therefore, it is considered as an analogue of ball lightning, the nature of which has not yet received an exhaustive scientific explanation. An attempt is made to find out whether or not an aerosol is present in a plasmoid and what its chemical and dispersed compositions are. It is shown that when a laser beam passes through a plasmoid, the scattering of laser radiation on aerosol particles of different sizes is clearly observed. It has been established that the interior of a plasmoid is filled with an aqueous aerosol, which includes two fractions: one of them consists of particles of the submillimeter range, while the other contains a medium-dispersed aerosol. The total volume of the particles is estimated at several cubic centimeters. Hopefully, the results obtained will make it possible to advance in understanding the processes occurring during the formation of not only plasmoids but also natural ball lightning.

The adsorption ability of powders obtained by pulsed electrical discharge in cryogenic liquids

The adsorption ability of powders obtained by pulsed electrical discharge in cryogenic liquids

High Voltage Electric Pulse Drilling: A Study of Variables through Simulation and Experimental Tests

With the deepening of drilling depth, the difficulty of drilling engineering increases gradually due to the complex geological conditions. The traditional mechanical drilling method shows the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, long cycle and high cost. Because of the characteristics of rock, the high abrasiveness of rock causes great wear to the bit, which becomes an important factor affecting the drilling rate. High voltage electric pulse (Abbreviated as HVEP later in this paper) drilling technology is a new technology developed in the past several decades. The technology uses plasma channel, water jet or shock wave generated by high voltage electric pulse discharge to break rock. It has the characteristics of environmental protection, directional breaking, easy control of rock breaking process and fast speed in the face of complex hard rock. In this paper, the mechanism and technology of rock breaking by high voltage electric pulse method in deep drilling are studied, and the functional test is carried out.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ІМПУЛЬСНОГО БАР’ЄРНОГО РОЗРЯДУ ДЛЯ ОБРОБКИ ПОВЕРХНІ ПЛАСТИН ЗІ СТАЛІ МАРКИ 25ХГНМТ

The development of high-tech industries stimulates the growth of requirements to metal structures and a complex of their main and special properties. The use of pulsed electrical discharges, plasma currents, pulsed electromagnetic fields, and their combined effects to improve the mechanical characteristics of metals and alloys is relevant in connec-tion with the need in replacing traditional energy-intensive technologies of structural materials with more advanced ones. The use of pulsed barrier discharge (PBD) in metal treatment, which generates a low-temperature plasma on the surface of the metal being treated, is a new approach to optimize the mechanical properties of metal materials, which is based on electrophysical processes. In the work, strengthening of structural 25KhGNMT steel as a result of the action of PBD on its surface was studied. The treatment of steel by PBD took place in a discharge device at a voltage incre-ment rate of ≈3•1011V/s. The influence of the duration of PBD treatment on the value of Vickers hardness (HV) of the test samples was studied. The study of the structure of 25KhGNMT steel was carried out by the method of transmission electron microscopy in order to determine its changes as a result of the action of PBD. It was established that HV val-ues after PBD treatment increase from 420 to 500 kg/mm2, which is accompanied by microstructure dispersion, which positively affects the mechanical characteristics of 25KhGNMT steel. References 14, figure 5, table 1.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕТОДІВ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ РОЗРЯДІВ НА ДЕГРАДАЦІЮ ТУРБІННИХ ОЛИВ

The article is a publication of scientific and methodical character. Continuous improvement of methods for determining the impact of electric discharges on the degradation of turbine oils to further diagnose the condition of these turbine oils and develop measures to prevent such degradation or reduce its impact on the quality of turbine oils during their operation in oil-filled thermal and mechanical equipment of power plants; ensure, for example, the reliability of hydrogen-cooled turbinegenerators.Improving methods for determining the effect of electric discharges on the degradation of modern mineral or synthetic fire-resistant turbine oils is necessary to diagnose the condition of these turbine oils, for example, in the bearing units of turbine units with continuous circulation systems of turbine oils in the bearing units.An analysis of research and publications has shown that, despite the availability of a large number of studies on the effect of electric discharges on the degradationof mineral electrical insulating oils, improving methods for determining the effect of electric discharges on the degradation of modern mineral or synthetic fire-resistant turbine oils is necessary to diagnose the condition of these turbine oils and develop measures to prevent such degradation or reduce its impact on the quality of turbine oils during their operation.The aim of the study is to improve the reliability of the results of diagnosing the condition of turbine oils by improving methods for determining the effect of electric discharges on the degradation of modern mineral or synthetic fire-resistant turbine oils.The methods used in the work were: a) determining the water content of turbine oils by coulometric titration; b) gas chromatographic determination of the concentrations of dissolved gases C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, CH4, H2, CO, CO2 in turbine oils; colourimetric determination of the content of PH3, H2S, SO2 in gas streams using indicator tubes; determination of the electric test voltage and the "dielectric loss tangent" for turbine oils. The results of improving the methods for determining the effect of electric discharges on the degradation of modern mineral turbine oil "Tp-22 (grade 1)" and synthetic fire-resistant turbine oil "Fyrquel®L" depending on their water content are presented. A schematic diagram of the installation for studying the effect of high-voltage pulsed electric current on the degradation of mineral and synthetic fire-resistant turbine oils was developed.Investigated: the nature of the dependence of the breakdown voltage for these turbine oils on their moisture content in the temperature range t = 20–100 0C; the nature of the dependence of the dielectric loss tangent for turbine oil "Tp-22 (grade 1)" on the content of formic acid at a temperature of t = 20 0C; the effect of pulsed electric voltage on the degradation of these turbine oils depending on their water content and with the formation of dissolved gases C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, CH4, H2, CO, CO2. For the first time, the presence inthe corresponding turbine oils of the process of their degradation under the action of pulsed electric discharges with the formation of gaseous H2S, PH3, SO2 was investigated. The presented materials can be used for the informed selection or design of measuring equipment for further determining the nature of degradation of demulsifying, deactivating, antiwear, and anti-foam additives, combined additives and oxidation and corrosion inhibitors in turbine oils under the influence of a continuously acting alternating electric current and acoustic cavitation in the bearing units of hydro-gen-cooled turbine generators equipped with turbine oil circulation systems, to diagnose the condition of these turbine oils and develop measures to prevent such degradation or reduce its impact on the quality of turbine oils during their operation

Study on the effect of electric pulse treatment for disinfestation of vegetables

This paper describes a method of using pulsed discharge to control nematode diseases on tomato and cucumber rhizomes and crops grown in dacha plots. When pulsed discharges are applied to living tissue, certain chemical, physical, and biological processes occur, depending on the pulse energy, pulse discharge current, pulse discharge voltage, pulse discharge exposure time, pulse discharge impact current, and other similar factors. Electric pulses were applied to grafts of nematode-infested vegetables, tomatoes and cucumbers, to measure grafting ability. Crop yields were estimated by the total amount of produce grown on arable land, and the level of yield enhancement was determined by land sedimentation and proper placement of varieties and plant species. Proper selection of modern high-yielding varieties imported from Uzbekistan provides resistance to external adverse effects of nature and diseases. The creation of high-yielding varieties requires the discovery and cultivation of resistant hybrid varieties and the development and introduction of new progressive technological methods of plant cultivation. The objective of this study was to identify the main factors affecting the electric pulse discharge treatment of tomato and cucumber root crops infected with nematodes and their larvae. Various diseases occur in cotton, cereals, melons, vegetable crops, and indoors(greenhouses) on newly established farms in the Republic. Yields are particularly high in vegetable, melon, and greenhouse fields. In recent years, the impact of nematodes on plants has caused severe damage to crop yields. Treating crops with this formulation prevents nematode infestation of leaf veins. The economic damage caused by nematodes to agriculture is enormous. For example, in greenhouse vegetables (cucumbers and tomatoes) this indicator reaches 60% and in potatoes 80%. Therefore, the proposed method is realized in combination with an agrotechnical treatment process that is energy-saving, environmentally safe, and productive.