Pulse Oxygen Saturation Levels Research Articles

Improvement of speech by facial prosthesis in a midfacial defect with a gunshot injury: A case report.

Gunshot wounds in the maxillofacial region may cause serious defects that result in functional and esthetic disabilities. A 14-year-old male patient was referred to the prosthodontics clinic for provisional prosthetic restoration 5 months after an injury involving the midline midfacial region. An interim extraoral silicone maxillofacial prosthesis, also known as an epithesis, replacing the nose and upper lip, was fabricated to enhance appearance and speech intelligibility. The effect of the prosthesis insertion on speech outcome was assessed over 6 months. Blood pulse oxygen saturation levels and heart rate were monitored to assess ventilation following the prosthesis insertion. Results of the Assessment of Articulation Subtest revealed the patient produced the target speech sounds of 31 more words correctly at 6 months follow-up. Bilabial, labiodental, and postalveolar speech sounds in the phonetic inventory improved. Fabrication of an extraoral silicone maxillofacial prosthesis, modifying substructure design, and prosthesis usage over time contributed to the significant enhancement of speech intelligibility and did not significantly change the blood pulse oxygen saturation levels and heart rate. It led to an improvement in overall aesthetic outcomes and was a useful tool for the patient's social integration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Inflammatory gene expression during acute high‐altitude exposure

The molecular signalling pathways that regulate inflammation and the response to hypoxia share significant crosstalk and appear to play major roles in high‐altitude acclimatization and adaptation. Several studies demonstrate increases in circulating candidate inflammatory markers during acute high‐altitude exposure, but significant gaps remain in our understanding of how inflammation and immune function change at high altitude and whether these responses contribute to high‐altitude pathologies, such as acute mountain sickness. To address this, we took an unbiased transcriptomic approach, including RNA sequencing and direct digital mRNA detection with NanoString, to identify changes in the inflammatory profile of peripheral blood throughout 3 days of high‐altitude acclimatization in healthy sea‐level residents (n = 15; five women). Several inflammation‐related genes were upregulated on the first day of high‐altitude exposure, including a large increase in HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1), a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury. Differentially expressed genes on the first and third days of acclimatization were enriched for several inflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor‐κB and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling. Indeed, both TLR4 and LY96, which encodes the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (MD‐2), were upregulated at high altitude. Finally, FASLG and SMAD7 were associated with acute mountain sickness scores and peripheral oxygen saturation levels on the first day at high altitude, suggesting a potential role of immune regulation in response to high‐altitude hypoxia. These results indicate that acute high‐altitude exposure upregulates inflammatory signalling pathways and might sensitize the TLR4 signalling pathway to subsequent inflammatory stimuli. Key points Inflammation plays a crucial role in the physiological response to hypoxia.High‐altitude hypoxia exposure causes alterations in the inflammatory profile that might play an adaptive or maladaptive role in acclimatization.In this study, we characterized changes in the inflammatory profile following acute high‐altitude exposure.We report upregulation of novel inflammation‐related genes in the first 3 days of high‐altitude exposure, which might play a role in immune system sensitization.These results provide insight into how hypoxia‐induced inflammation might contribute to high‐altitude pathologies and exacerbate inflammatory responses in critical illnesses associated with hypoxaemia.

Exploratory Data Analysis Based on Remote Health Care Monitoring System by Using IoT

The system proposed in this article is to make Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) of people’s health condition based on remote health care monitoring system in their different activities. Because of several critical physiological parameters of human body, multi body sensor health monitoring approach is vital. A health care monitoring system is displayed for detecting human physiological information. The system implementation consists of heart beat sensor, temperature sensor and pulse oxygen saturation level (SPO2) sensor. In this framework, gathered health information can be observed by utilizing both PC and cell phones. The real time result of the temperature sensor, heart beat sensor, SPO2 sensor to show on the ThingSpeak is tested. EDA analysis is done on measured data statistic to know the human activity for effective health care monitoring using IoT. The analyses are based on both theoretical approaches and experimental approaches according to the confirmation of recent research outcomes and real data from the hospital. The experimental studies have been carried out based on the idea of medical doctors in the hospital. The technology also confirms that the current research trends would be suitable for real world applications. The confirmation of medical doctors and suggestions on this research works were completed according to the standard of commercial products in the market.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: simultaneous treatment by bilateral non-intubated videothoracoscopy.

Through a retrospective study, we assessed the feasibility and safety of simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopic wedge resection of blebs or bullae for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) under thoracic epidural anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation. This retrospective analysis involved a cohort of 37 consecutive patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral thoracoscopic bullectomy under spontaneous ventilation thoracic epidural anaesthesia (n = 15) or intubated general anaesthesia (n = 22) between July 2011 and September 2015. The perioperative data, short-term outcomes and recurrence rates of the two groups were compared. The two groups had comparable preoperative demographic profiles. There were no conversions to thoracotomy or intubated single-lung ventilation. The peak end-tidal carbon dioxide in the non-intubated group was significantly higher than that in the intubated group (mean: 48 vs 34 mmHg, P < 0.001). Both groups had comparable surgical duration, blood loss and lowest intraoperative pulse oxygen saturation level. Postoperatively, the two groups had comparable chest tube duration, volume of fluid administration, length of hospital stay and complication rates. No mortality occurred. The total anaesthesia cost in non-intubated group was significantly lower (mean: CNY 4584 vs 5649, P = 0.016). The mean follow-up was 23.6 ± 12.9 months in the non-intubated group and 21.1 ± 13.4 months in the intubated group. Two recurrent pneumothoraxes in 2 patients were observed after surgical procedures for PSP. One recurrence developed in the non-intubated group (7%) and one in the intubated group (5%). Simultaneous bilateral non-intubated thoracoscopic bullectomy is not only well tolerated and technically feasible but also a safe alternative for selected patients with simultaneous bilateral PSP or with high risk of contralateral recurrence.

Pulse Oxygen Saturation Levels and Arterial Oxygen Tension Values in Newborns Receiving Oxygen Therapy in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Is 85% to 93% an Acceptable Range?

Our aim was to define the relationship of PaO(2) and pulse oxygen saturation values during routine clinical practice and to evaluate whether pulse oxygen saturation values between 85% and 93% were associated with PaO(2) levels of <40 mmHg. Prospective comparison of PaO(2) and pulse oxygen saturation values in 7 NICUs at sea level in 2 countries was performed. The PaO(2) measurements were obtained from indwelling arterial catheters; simultaneous pulse oxygen saturation values were recorded if the pulse oxygen saturation values changed <1% before, during, and after the arterial gas sample was obtained. We evaluated 976 paired PaO(2)/pulse oxygen saturation values in 122 neonates. Of the 976 samples, 176 (18%) from infants breathing room air had a mean pulse oxygen saturation of 93.9 +/- 4.3% and a median of 95.5%. The analysis of 800 samples from infants breathing supplemental oxygen revealed that, when pulse oxygen saturation values were 85% to 93%, the mean PaO(2) was 56 +/- 14.7 mmHg and the median 54 mmHg. At this pulse oxygen saturation level, 86.8% of the samples had PaO(2) values of 40 to 80 mmHg, 8.6% had values of <40 mmHg, and 4.6% had values of >80 mmHg. When the pulse oxygen saturation values were >93%, the mean PaO(2) was 107.3 +/- 59.3 mmHg and the median 91 mmHg. At this pulse oxygen saturation level, 39.5% of the samples had PaO(2) values of 40 to 80 mmHg and 59.5% had values of >80 mmHg. High PaO(2) occurs very rarely in neonates breathing supplemental oxygen when their pulse oxygen saturation values are 85% to 93%. This pulse oxygen saturation range also is infrequently associated with low PaO(2) values. Pulse oxygen saturation values of >93% are frequently associated with PaO(2) values of >80 mmHg, which may be of risk for some newborns receiving supplemental oxygen.