Pulmonary Volume Measurements Research Articles

The Relationship Between Some Anthropometric Measurements and Pulmonary Volumes to the Numerical Achievement of 800-Meter Event Runners in Palestine

The study aimed to identify the contribution of some anthropometric measurements and pulmonary volumes to the Numerical Achievement of runners in the 800-meter running event at Palestine. The study was conducted on a purposely-designed sample of (17) runners in Palestine, aged between (18-22) years. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach because it suits the nature of the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed related to (age, body mass, height, arm length, leg length, thigh length, lower leg length, instep length, chest circumference, chest circumference with inspiration, abdominal circumference, thigh circumference, and Leg calf, upper arm circumference, and related Pulmonary volume measurements. Related Pulmonary volume measurements were performed (VC, FVC, FEV1, FWV1/FVC%, MVV, TV, RV), and after the data was collected, it was processed statistically using SPSS. The results of the study showed that the anthropometric measurement that have the most contribution In the Numerical Achievement of 800 meters running event runners in Palestine was Height, which contributed to explaining (43.1 %) of the finishing time. The study also found that Pulmonary volume measurements contributed most to the Numerical Achievement For runners of the 800- meter running event in Palestine, was Vital Capacity (VC)which explained (39.1%) of the time Achievement. Researchers recommend that the predictive equations that have been developed should be used as predictors for the numerical achievement of the 800-meter running event.

The Contribution of Some Anthropometric Measurements and Pulmonary Volumes to The Digital achievement of the Sprint 400-meter Competition Among Elite Runners in Palestine

The study aimed to identify the contribution of some anthropometric measurements and pulmonary volumes to the digital achievement of the sprint 400-meter running distance among elite runners in Palestine. A total of 18 elite runners in Palestine, (age: 20.16+1.15 years; body mass: 67.75+5.04 kg; height: 173.11+6.01 m; body mass index (BMI):23.3 +3.1 kg/m2) were categorized as. Anthropometric measurements and Pulmonary volume measurements were taken (VC, FVC, FEV1, FWV1/FVC%, MVV, TV, RV, IC). The authors used Multiple linear Regression. Simple Linear Regression (T) and (Beta) to determine the regression line equation. It was determined that there was no statistically significant relationship between some anthropometric measurements (≤0.05). In order to determine the contribution of measurements chest circumference (r=*0.599), chest circumference (r=*0.573) in inspiration, thigh circumference (r=*0.773) calf (Gastrocnemius) muscle circumference(r=*0.554) it was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between the digital success of the 400 meter sprint run. It was determined that there was no statistically significant relationship (α≤0.05) between lung volume measurements (FVC, FEV1, FWV1/FVC%, MVV). It was determined that there was no statistically significant relationship (α≤0.05) between lung volume measurements (FVC, FEV1, FWV1/FVC%, MVV). However, VC (p = 0.00); It was determined that there was a significant relationship in terms of (R2 = 0.616). In conclusin researchers recommend the necessity of using the predictive equations that have been developed as a predictor of digital achievement in the sprint 400-meter running competition.

Design and Development of an IoT-based Pulmonary Function and Oxygen Saturation Measurement Device

Health information technology plays a crucial role in managing the healthcare of patients and their families during illness. One of the frequently encountered diseases is Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract that is reversible and fluctuating, capable of causing exacerbations with mild to severe symptoms and even death. The objective of this research is to develop a device to facilitate the monitoring and input of data regarding pulmonary volume measurements (spirometry) and biosignals (SpO2). The sensors used for measuring pulmonary volume are the flow turbine sensor, while the SpO2 sensor used is the MAX30102. The data obtained from the sensor measurements will be processed on the ESP32. A health monitoring application is created using Kodular software, which incorporates a MySQL database for data storage. Furthermore, the examination results can be accessed through an Android application on a tablet or smartphone. The results obtained from this research indicate an error value of 8.78% for FVC, 14% for FEV1, and a FEV1/FVC ratio of 4.6%, with zero data loss. It is expected that the spirometer with Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities will be implemented, as monitoring can be easily conducted anywhere. The portable design will facilitate future examinations.

A Principal Component Analysis Based Data Fusion Method for Estimation of Respiratory Volume

Impedance plethysmography (IP) is widely used in pulmonary volume measurement in recent years. Previous researches mainly focused on improving respiratory volume measurement accuracy by improving filter performance, electrode configuration, and so on, ignoring the influence of sleep posture changes. To solve this problem, we presented a principal component analysis (PCA)-based data fusion algorithm to minimize the effects of sleep posture changes on pulmonary volume measurement using a new dual-channel IP system. In situ experiments with ten subjects indicated that the PCA-based data fusion method improved the performance with the mean absolute error decreased $\sim 25$ %. Thus, the novel method potentially achieves a higher sensitivity of the sleep respiratory function diagnosis.

TNF-α system and lung function impairment in obesity

A potential interaction between pulmonary function, abnormal adipose tissue activity, and systemic inflammation has been suggested. This study explores the relationship between circulating soluble TNF-α receptors (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2) and respiratory function parameters in obese subjects. Thirty-one non-diabetic morbidly obese women with a history of non-smoking and without prior cardiovascular or respiratory disease were prospectively recruited in the outpatient Obesity Unit of a referral center. Pulmonary function test included a forced spirometry, static pulmonary volume measurements, non-attended respiratory polygraphy, and arterial gas blood sampling. Circulating levels of sTNFR-R1, sTNF-R2, interleukine 6 and adiponectin were determined using ELISA. Statistical analysis included a multivariate regression analysis taking into account the potential confounders. sTNF-R1 positively correlated with BMI (r=0.571, p=0.001) and arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2, r=0.381, p=0.038), but negatively with forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1, r=−0.437, p=0.012), maximum midexpiratory flow (FEF25–75, r=−0.370, p=0.040) and forced vital capacity (FVC, r=−0.483, p=0.005). However, no correlation between sTNF-R2 and BMI and either pulmonary function tests or arterial blood samples was observed. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sTNF-R1 independently predicted FEV1 (beta=−0.437, p=0.012) and FVC (beta=−0.483, p=0.005). Thus, circulating levels of sTNF-R1, but not sTNF-R2, are related to reduced lung volumes and airflow limitation in morbidly obese patients prior to the development of a clinically recognized respiratory disease. Therefore, studies addressed to evaluating the potential beneficial effect of anti-TNF-α agents on pulmonary function tests in obese subjects seem warranted.

Insulin resistance is related to impaired lung function in morbidly obese women: a case–control study

There is growing evidence suggesting an association between type 2 diabetes and impaired pulmonary function. However, the role of insulin resistance itself remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study is to determine whether obese patients with insulin resistance without diabetes have reduced pulmonary function in comparison with non-diabetic obese subjects without insulin resistance. Seventy-five morbidly obese non-diabetic women [50 with an insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment, HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.8-cases-and 25 with HOMA-IR < 3.8-controls-] with a history of not smoking and without prior cardiovascular or respiratory disease were prospectively recruited in the outpatient Obesity Unit of a university hospital. Both groups were closely matched by age, body mass index and waist circumference. Pulmonary function test included a forced spirometry and static pulmonary volume measurements. Patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 3.8 showed lower forced expiratory volume at 1 s [mean difference - 7.6% of predicted (95% confidence interval - 14.2 to - 0.9); p = 0.025], and also a lower maximum midexpiratory flow [mean difference - 16.4% of predicted (95% confidence interval - 30.9 to - 2.0); p = 0.026] in comparison with those with HOMA-IR < 3.8. Significant negative correlations between HOMA-IR and forced expiratory volume at 1 s, maximum midexpiratory flow and forced vital capacity were detected. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR (β = - 0.323, p = 0.002) and total lung capacity (β = 0.468, p < 0.001) were independently associated with forced expiratory volume at 1 s (r(2) = 0.358). Insulin resistance is related to respiratory function impairment in morbidly obese women. Our results strongly suggest that the metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance are crucial in initiating lung abnormalities previously described in type 2 diabetic patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pulmonary volume measurements during high-frequency jet ventilation in anesthetized man

To assess the validity of indirect spirometry during conventional intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) and high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), we measured changes in functional residual capacity (delta FRC) and tidal volume (VT) with two external strain gauges in eight sedated and paralyzed patients. The thoracic and abdominal gauges were calibrated simultaneously in quasi-static and dynamic conditions. The delta FRC measured during HFJV (1 to 5 Hz) and the VT measured during IPPV (0.25 Hz) were found to be equivalent by the two gauges in most patients (r = .90 and r = .99, respectively), but no correlation was found between the VT values inferred by each gauge in HFJV (r = .54). During HFJV, spectral analysis of the gauge signals showed important damping of the abdominal motion (AB) and an amplification of the thoracic displacements (RC) in four patients when measurements were taken at greater than 3 Hz. We conclude that, provided the partition of the volume between AB and RC remains constant, indirect spirometry may measure VT in IPPV and delta FRC in HFJV, but it fails to measure VT accurately during HFJV.

Studies of pulmonary function and the singer

The relationship of the efficiency of pulmonary function to the singing voice was studied at a school for vocal training. The class in training was evaluated primarily by the period of time spent in studies of the individual groups under observation and then compared to professional singers. The residual pulmonary volumes were determined to be of highest importance in this assessment. This study then was correlated to experience with situations in which impairment of this pulmonary volume measurement existed, such as pulmonary asthma. The group of asthmatics in the singing profession was higher than that encountered in the average population group. The importance of these findings is primarily for the understanding of the physiology of the singing voice.

Some physiological changes observed in human subjects during zero G simulation by immersion in water up to neck level.

Abstract : Knowledge relative to the effects of prolonged weightlessness is needed in preparing man for space flight. The buoyant force exerted upon immersed bodies effectively simulates the eightless state with respect to proprioceptive sensory responses and perhaps in other ways. An investigation into the physiological effects of immersing subjects in water up to neck level was undertaken. A series of experiments involving 7 subjects immersed in water up to neck level for periods of 5 to 23 hours (5 subjects for 12 hours) showed a significant weight loss during the period of immersion, which was explained by the diuresis which occurred. Pulmonary volume measurements showed a decrease in the expiratory reserve volume and in the respiratory minute volume during immersion. There was no significant decrement in the performance of a tracking task, attributable to the water immersion, during exposure to a simulated space vehicle reentry deceleration profile. Exposure to 4.5 positive G for 15 seconds following water immersion revealed a decrement in tolerance in most subjects.