Pulegium Essential Oil Research Articles

Unlocking the combined action of Mentha pulegium L. essential oil and Thym honey: In vitro pharmacological activities, molecular docking, and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect

Mentha pulegium L., a plant widely embraced for its therapeutic properties by populations worldwide, including Morocco, has long been recognized for its potential in treating various ailments. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and dermatoprotective properties of essential oil derived from M. pulegium, and thyme honey as well as their combined effects. To unravel the chemical composition, a rigorous GC-MS analysis was conducted. Subsequently, we examined their antioxidant potential through three distinct assays: DPPH●, hydrogen peroxide assay, and xanthine oxidase assay. The anti-inflammatory properties were scrutinized through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Simultaneously, the dermatoprotective efficacy was investigated in vitro by evaluating tyrosinase inhibition. Our findings revealed that pulegone constitutes the predominant compound in M. pulegium essential oil (MPEO), constituting a remarkable 74.82 % of the composition. Significantly, when the essential oil was combined with thym honey, it exhibited superior anti-inflammatory and dermatoprotective effects across all in vivo and in vitro tests. Moreover, our in silico molecular docking analysis hinted at the potential role of cyclohexanone, 3-methyl, an element found in the MPEO, in contributing to the observed outcomes. While this study has unveiled promising results regarding the combined in vitro, in vivo and in silico biological activities of the essential oil and honey, it is imperative to delve further into the underlying mechanisms through additional experimentation and alternative experimental methods. Understanding these mechanisms in greater detail will not only enhance our comprehension of the therapeutic potential but also pave the way for the development of innovative treatments and applications rooted in the synergy of these natural compounds. Furthermore, it would be advantageous to test different possible combinations using experimental design model. Moreover, it would be better to test the effect of single compounds of MPEO to clearly elucidate their efficiency. MPEO alone or combined with thyme honey may be a useful for the development of novel biopharmaceuticals.

Radioprotective effect of nanoniosome loaded by Mentha Pulegium essential oil on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to ionizing radiation

Objective The present study aimed to assess the radioprotective effect of nanoniosomes loaded by Mentha Pulegium essential oil (MPEO-N nanoparticles) as a natural antioxidant on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Significance Despite the applications and advantages of ionizing radiation, there are many radiation risks to biological systems that are necessary to be reduced as much as possible. Methods MPEO-N nanoparticles were prepared by the lipid thin film hydration method, and its physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. PBMCs were then irradiated with X-ray using a 6 MV linear accelerator at two radiation doses in the presence of nontoxic concentrations of MPEO-N nanoparticles (IC10). After 48 and 72 h of incubation, the radioprotective effect was investigated by measuring survival, apoptosis, and necrosis of PBMCs, using MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Key findings The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of nanoniosomes were 106.0 ± 4.69 nm and −15.2 ± 0.9 mV, respectively. The mean survival percentage of PBMCs showed a significant increase only at a radiation dose of 200 cGy compared with the control group. The percentages of apoptosis and necrosis of cells in the presence of MPEO-N nanoparticles at both radiation doses and incubation periods (48 and 72 h) demonstrated a significant reduction compared with the control. Conclusion MPEO-N nanoparticles as a natural antioxidant, exhibited a favorable radioprotective effect by a significant reduction in the percentage of apoptosis and necrosis of irradiated PBMCs.

Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha pulegium essential oils: insecticidal activities and feeding deterrence against Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

In this study, the chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from three plants, namely Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Mentha pulegium, along with their insecticidal activities and feeding deterrence against Plodia interpunctella, were investigated. The chemical composition of S. officinalis essential oil was majorly dominated by α-thujone (26.99%) and camphor (25.50%); on the other hand, limonene (66.12%), eucalyptol (66.12%), and camphor (14.31%) were the major compounds of L. angustifolia essential oil whereas for M. pulegium EO a dominance of pulegone (83.06%) was attained. M. pulegium essential oil showed important contact toxicity (100%) at 3 hours of exposure with the 0.25 μL/cm2 concentration, followed by S. officinalis and L. angustifolia with 90% of mortality reported with the highest concentration of 0.50% within 3 hours. A relative growth rate (RGR) of 0.08 mg/mg/day and -0.31 mg/mg/day was recorded with S. officinalis and M. pulegium oils, respectively, with the highest concentration of 32 μL/pellet. With L. angustifolia the lowest RGR of -0.08 mg/mg/day was attained with the 16 μl/pellet concentration. The food deterrence index experienced an increase to 89% with S. officinalis and L. angustifolia oils for the three concentrations; with M. pulegium, 68.18% was recorded with the 32 μL/pellet. In conclusion, this study suggests that these essential oils could potentially serve as an effective contact toxicant and a potent eco-friendly inhibitory of the feeding behavior of Plodia interpunctella larvae.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion of Mentha pulegium essential oil and extract

Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of oil-in-water nanoemulsion of Mentha pulegium essential oil and extract

The combined effect of essential oils on wood physico-chemical properties and their antiadhesive activity against mold fungi: application of mixture design methodology

In the heritage field, the microbial adhesion on wood, and consequently the formation of biofilm led to inestimable losses of historical and cultural monuments. Thereby, this study aimed to examine the combined effect of Thymus vulgaris, Myrtus communis, and Mentha pulegium essential oils on wood surface physico-chemical properties, and to elaborate the optimal mixture using the mixture design approach coupled to the contact angle method. It was found that both wood hydrophobicity and electron donor character increased significantly after treatment using an optimal mixture containing 57% and 43% of M. pulegium and M. communis essential oils, respectively. The theoretical and experimental fungal adhesion on untreated and treated wood were also investigated. The results showed that the adhesion was favorable on untreated wood and reduced using the optimal mixture. Moreover, the experimental data demonstrated that the same mixture exhibited an antiadhesive efficacy effect with a reduction of 36–75% in adhesion.

Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils of M. pulegium (L.), M. suaveolens (Ehrh.) and M. spicata (L.) from Moroccan Middle-Atlas

The cosmetics and food fields are based on the use of synthetic substances to protect their products against oxidation. However, synthetic antioxidants were reported to have negative effects on human health. The interest to develop natural antioxidants from plants has been growing in recent decades. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant properties of three essential oils (EOs) of M. pulegium (L.), M. suaveolens (Ehrh.) and M. spicata (L.) from the Azrou and Ifrane regions. The organoleptic characteristics, yields and physical properties were determined for the selected EOs. Their chemical compositions were identified using GC-MS; then, their antioxidant activities were evaluated using the DPPH• free radical scavenging activity and were compared with the ascorbic acid standard. The determined physicochemical parameters of dry matter and EOs demonstrated their good quality. The analysis of the EOs showed the dominance of pulegone (68.86-70.92%) and piperitenone (24.81%), piperitenone oxide (74.69-60.3%), and carvone (71.56-54.79%) and limonene (10.5-9.69%) for M. pulegium, M. suaveolens and M. spicata, respectively, from Azrou and Ifrane. Additionally, the antiradical tests demonstrated the remarkable power of these EOs, especially M. pulegium EO (IC50 = 15.93 mg/mL), which recorded the best activity compared with ascorbic acid (IC50 = 8.849 mg/mL). The obtained results indicated that these EOs could be applied as natural antioxidants in the food industry.

Nano-scaled emulsion and nanogel containing Mentha pulegium essential oil: cytotoxicity on human melanoma cells and effects on apoptosis regulator genes

BackgroundTopical drug delivery using nanoemulsions and nanogels is a promising approach to treating skin disorders such as melanoma.MethodsIn this study, the chemical composition of Mentha pulegium essential oil with five major compounds, including pulegone (68.11%), l-menthone (8.83%), limonene (2.90%), iso-pulegone (2.69%), and iso-menthone (1.48%) was first identified using GC-MS (Gas chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Afterward, a nano-scaled emulsion containing the essential oil with a droplet size of 7.70 ± 1 nm was prepared. Nanogel containing the essential oil was then prepared by adding (2% w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose to the nano-scaled emulsion. Moreover, the successful loading of M. pulegium essential oil in the nano-scaled emulsion and nanogel was confirmed using ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform InfraRed) analysis. Then, human A375 melanoma cells were treated with different concentrations of samples, the MTT assay evaluated cell viability, and cell apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, including Bax and Bcl-2, was evaluated using the qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique.ResultsThe results showed that cell viability was reduced by 90 and 45% after treatment with 300 μg/mL of the nanogel and nano-scaled emulsion. As confirmed by flow cytometry, this effect was mediated by apoptosis. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 genes. Therefore, the prepared nanogel, with high efficacy, could be considered a potent anticancer agent for supplementary medicine and in vivo research.

Toxicity of Mentha pulegium essential oil and chemical pesticides toward citrus pest scale insects and the coccinellid predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

Toxicity of Mentha pulegium essential oil and chemical pesticides toward citrus pest scale insects and the coccinellid predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

Evaluation of the Effect of Four Bioactive Compounds in Combination with Chemical Product against Two Spider Mites Tetranychus urticae and Eutetranychus orientalis(Acari: Tetranychidae).

Currently, pests control using chemical acaricides constitutes worries for ecologists and health care people as these chemical products create damage to the ecosystem as well as the development of spider mites resistance. Such concerns request deep and rapid feedback by looking for new alternative and eco-friendly methods. In recent years, a new field is evolving in the use of essential oils in pest management practices. Essential oils have been considered as potential pest management agents, because they demonstrate to have a broad range of bioactivity, possess contact, and fumigant toxicity. In addition, the major advantages of many plant-based acaricides lie in their low toxicity to agroecosystems. Botanical acaricides composed of essential oils may prove to be a good choice for the more persistent synthetic acaricides. In this study, the acaricidal effect of four plant-derived essential oils against adults of the two important crop pests, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) 1836 and Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) 1936 are studied. The fumigant toxicity revealed that all the essential oils tested Mentha pulegium L., Lavandula stoechas L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Origanum compactum Benth (Lamiaceae family) displayed an acaricidal effect. At the highest dose (625 µl/ml), mortalities recorded were found between 91 and 98% and 92 and 99% at 24 and 48 h, respectively, for T. urticae, and between 90 and 98% and 94 and 99% at 24 and 48 h, respectively, for E. orientalis. The M. pulegium L. essential oil represents the highest activity against E. orientalis and T. urticae. For the binary combination between the EOs (essential oils) and the acaricide based on the active ingredient acequinocyl, the results showed that the mixture of O. compactum EO (essential oil) + acequinocyl exhibited an important acaricidal effect on T. urticae and E. orientalis with 99% at 24 h and 100% at 48 h of mortality, followed by M. pulegium EO + acequinocyl with 92% at 24 h and 95% at 48 h for T. urticae as well as 99% at 24 h and 100% at 48 h for E. orientalis of mortality. Whereas, the mixture of L. stoechas EO + acequinocyl presented the lowest activity against T. urticae and E. orientalis with 82–87% at 24 h and 86–90% at 48 h, respectively. The mixtures (M. pulegium EO + acequinocyl, R. officinalis EO + acequinocyl, and O. compactum EO + acequinocyl) exerted a high acaricidal effect against E. orientalis. These promising results could help to develop botanical pesticides that could be used in integrated pest management.

Assessment of the efficiency of Mentha pulegium essential oil to suppress contamination of stored fruits by Botrytis cinerea

Assessment of the efficiency of Mentha pulegium essential oil to suppress contamination of stored fruits by Botrytis cinerea

Teucrium scordium L. and Mentha pulegium L. essential oil importance in adaptive response to salinity stress

Plant secondary metabolites, including essential oils, are very important in the adaptive responses to stress conditions. Salt stress is a major element in natural saline habitats. Plants adapted to variations in substrate salinity (such as facultative halophytes) are very suitable for comparative analysis of the adaptive response under saline conditions on natural habitats. Based on their distribution on both saline and non-saline habitats, Teucrium scordium L. and Mentha pulegium L. were selected to determine the potential importance of essential oil components in the adaptive response to salt-induced stress conditions as stress-related metabolites. Quantitative-qualitative analysis of essential oils in plant material of the tested species sampled from two saline habitats was performed and compared with samples from non-saline habitat. The prepared plant material of T. scordium and M. pulegium was hydrodistilled using a Clevenger-type apparatus by standard procedure. Volatile compounds were analyzed by GC/MS. The qualitative composition of the T. scordium and M. pulegium essential oils are related to the substrate salinity. The results obtained for the composition of the essential oils indicate that the adaptive response is specific and can be taxonomically related. Both analyzed plants are characterized by the increased synthesis of individual components of essential oil that are potentially important in the adaptive response to saline stress conditions. The adaptive response to saline stress of the analyzed plants includes increased synthesis of individual components of essential oils. Essential oil components such as α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, limonene and caryophyllene oxide, as well as piperitenone, pulegone, isopulegone are important in the adaptive response on saline habitats for T. scordium and M. pulegium, respectively.

Chemical Composition and Synergistic Potential of Mentha pulegium L. and Artemisia herba alba Asso. Essential Oils and Antibiotic against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria.

The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. (M. pulegium L.) and Artemisia herba alba (A. herba alba) Asso. and analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector chromatograpy (GC–FID) and gaz chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antibacterial activities of the oils were determined by the disk diffusion method and a microdilution broth assay against six bacteria stains. The combinations of these essential oils with antibiotics were evaluated against two multi-drug-resistant bacteria strains: imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB S3310) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA S19). The chemical analysis of M. pulegium essential oil revealed the presence of pulegone (74.8%) and neoisomenthol (10.0%). A. herba alba essential oil was characterized by camphor (32.0%), α-thujone (13.7%), 1,8-cineole (9.8%), β-thujone (5.0%), bornéol (3.8%), camphene (3.6%), and p-cymene (2.1%). All strains tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to these oils. The combinations of essential oils with antibiotics exerted synergism, antagonism, or indifferent effects. The best effect was observed with A. herba alba essential oil in association with cefoxitin (CX) against MRSA S19. However, for IRAB S3310, the strongest synergistic effect was observed with M. pulegium in association with amikacin (AK). This study demonstrated that M. pulegium and A. herba alba essential oils have antibacterial activities which could be potentiated by antibiotics especially in the case of IRAB S3310.

Investigation of the chemical properties of Mentha pulegium essential oil and its application in Ocimum basilicum seed mucilage edible coating for extending the quality and shelf life of veal stored in refrigerator (4°C).

Nowadays, the tendency toward the application of natural preservatives to extent the shelf life of food products has grown. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effect of the basil seed mucilage (BSM)‐based edible coating containing different concentrations of Mentha pulegium essential oil (MPEO) on the shelf life of the veal stored at refrigerator temperature. Firstly, the chemical composition and functional groups of MPEO were detected through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then, the BSM‐based edible coatings containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% MPEO were prepared, and the veal samples were coated with them. The physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of the samples were investigated during the 9‐day storage period at 4°C. Twenty‐five compounds were detected in MPEO with limonene being the major one (28.44%). The results revealed that the lightness, hardness, and moisture content of the samples decreased during storage. The coating containing the essential oil could properly restrain the rise in pH, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid value (TBA). Based on microbial analyses, the shelf life of the coated sample without the essential oil and those containing 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of the essential oil were, respectively, extended up to 3, 6, 9, 9, and 9 days relative to the control. Moreover, the coating containing the essential oil produced no unfavorable effect on the sensory properties of the meat samples. In conclusion, the BSM‐based edible coating containing different concentrations of MPEO can be applied as a natural preservative to enhance the resistance of meat products against microbial spoilage and fat oxidation.

Combined effects of chitosan coating incorporated with Berberis vulgaris extract and Mentha pulegium essential oil and MAP in the shelf life of turkey meat

Combined effects of chitosan coating incorporated with Berberis vulgaris extract and Mentha pulegium essential oil and MAP in the shelf life of turkey meat

Anticancer Effect of Solid-Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Mentha longifolia and Mentha pulegium Essential Oils: In Vitro Study on Human Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Breast cancer and melanoma are common cancers with several treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their side effects. Therefore, new drugs using plant-derived substances (especially essential oils) have received more attention in recent years; however, they are generally less effective than synthetic drugs. Therefore, the preparation of essential oil-based nanoformulations is considered a promising approach to improving their efficiency. In this study, ingredients of Mentha longifolia and Mentha pulegium essential oils were first identified by GC-MS analysis. Their anticancer effects were then evaluated against one melanoma cell line (A-375) and two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7). The cytotoxic effect of the essential oil on all cell lines at even the highest concentration, 1200 µg/mL, was not proper (viability > 55%). After that, solid lipid nanoparticles containing each essential oil with particle sizes of 107 ± 9 (PDI 0.274) and 191 ± 8 (PDI 0.174) nm and zeta potential -7.10 and -4.81 mV were prepared. Interestingly, both prepared nanoformulations reduced the viability of all three cell lines to around 10% at half the mentioned concentration, 600 µg/mL. Thus, the prepared nanoformulations could be introduced as proper candidates for investigation in-vivo research and supplementary medicine.

Antimicrobial combined action of Mentha pulegium, Ormenis mixta and Mentha piperita essential oils against S. aureus, E. coli and C. tropicalis: Application of mixture design methodology

Experimental design methodology (mixture design) coupled to microdilution assay were used to study the potential interactions between several active compounds from three Moroccan essential oils (EOs) (M. pulegium, O. mixta and M. piperita) against S. aureus E. coli and C. tropicalis, to increase their sensitivity and to predict optimal formulations. EOs extraction was firstly obtained by hydrodistillation, then, their chemical composition was determined by GC/MS and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The optimization of antimicrobial activity of essential oils mixtures by augmented simplex-centroid design allowed us to model and validate statistically as well as to establish a prediction profile of the studied phenomena. The optimization of mixtures antimicrobial activities has highlighted the synergistic effect between M. piperita and M. pulegium essential oils. The optimal mixture predicted against E. coli, S. aureus and C. tropicalis corresponded to 54%/46%; 56%/44% and 55%/45% of M. piperita and M. pulegium essential oils, respectively. This study shows that the combination of essential oils may be applicable in the fight against emerging microbial drug resistance or useful as natural food preservatives.

Toxicity and Antiparasitic Efficacy of Essential Oils: Analyses of the Biochemical Compositions and Potencies

Background: Hydatidosis is a common disease of both humans and animals, resulting from infection with the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiparasitic (protoscolicidal) activities of three essential oils in vitro. Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the biochemical composition and in vitro antiparasitic effects of Zataria multiflora, Origanum vulgare and Mentha pulegium essential oils. Gas chromatography was performed to identify the main components of the herbal oils. To determine the antiparasitic properties of the essential oils, live protoscoleces from hydatid cysts were exposed to three concentrations of the herbal oils and were incubated at 37°C for 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 minutes. Results: The biochemical analysis of these oils indicated that carvacrol and thymol were the major compounds of the Zataria oil. Further, carvacrol and thymol in Origanum essential oil and pulegone and piperitone in Mentha oil were the major compounds. The quickest and slowest antiparasitic effect was achieved from Zataria and Origanum (10%) or from Zataria (0.6%), respectively. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the mortality rate of protoscoleces exposed to 0.6% and 1% concentrations, respectively, of Zataria and Origanum at the predetermined exposure times (P<0.05). The three concentrations of Mentha had the same significant statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Essential oils, Zataria multiflora, Origanum vulgare and Mentha pulegium had significant protoscolicidal activities that were dependent on the concentration of the oils and the exposure times.

Bio-Insecticidal Activity of Three Essential Oils against Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Natural plant extracts, especially essential oils, are used largely against plant pests. The aim of this study was to investigate the bio-insecticidal effect of chemical extracts of three plants, Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Lavandula stoechas L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) and Ruta chalepensis L. (Sapindales: Rutaceae) collected from Tunisia, on the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), which is a primary pest of stored wheat. To reach this goal, we firstly did bio-assays to test the toxicity of these plant extracts on R. dominica adults using different concentrations of plant extracts on wheat seeds. Secondly, we analysed the chemical compounds of these plant extracts using GC-MS and GC-FID. Our results demonstrated that R. dominica mortality was significantly higher with increasing plant essential oils concentrations (CL95 values 45.68, 113.12 and 170.52 µl/l(air)) for M. pulegium, R. chalepensis and L. stoechas, respectively. The main chemical compounds identified of M. pulegium oils were: pulegone (76.9 %), isomenthone (12.0 %) and limonene (1.73 %), whereas those from L. stoechas were: camphor (23.8 %), 1,8-cineole (17.8 %) and camphene (7.69 %). Ruta chalepensis oil revealed high contents of undecanone (51.2 %), 2-nonanone (39.16 %) and 2-decanone (2.32 %). Our results also showed that M. pulegium essential oil has a significant effect against R. dominica with LC50 value of 13.51 µl/l(air) compared to R. chalepensis and L. stoechas corresponding to 39.11 and 42.9 µl/l(air), respectively.

Effect of Edible Starch Coating Enrichmed with Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) Essential Oil on Shelf life of Rainbow Trout Fillet

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the tendency to use food packaging with antimicrobial activity of natural origin has increased. The use of edible and biodegradable films has been considered as an appropriate alternative to non-degradable plastic coatings. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the effect of coating with wheat starch and Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium essential oil was investigated on microbial and physicochemical characteristics of rainbow trout fillet in cold conditions. METHODS: For this purpose, different treatments under the influence of starch, starch and Pennyroyal essential oil (1%), starch and Pennyroyal essential oil (2%) were prepared and physicochemical and microbial changes were evaluated at specified intervals (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days). RESULTS: In the microbial test, the count of total bacterial and other bacteria by starch and starch + 1% and 2%, the essential oil was decreased in different days, also the difference between the control group and other treatments was significant (p ≥0.05). The highest effect of pH reduction belonged to starch + 1% and 2% essential oil in different studied days. The level of pH was not different among different treatments on day 0 of storage. However, there was a significant difference between the control group and treatments on the fourth, eighth, twelfth, and sixteenth days of storage (p ≥0.05). The results of the oxidative test showed that on the 16th day of storage, the lowest level of TBA was related to the treatment with starch + 2% essential oil and the highest value was related to the control group. In fact, the application of the coating layer delayed the oxidation process. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the composition of edible starch and pennyroyal essential oil on the increased shelf-life of Rainbow trout fillet.

Essential Oils Encapsulation into Nanoliposome and Novel Application of Nanoliposome as a Storage Pesticide

This study attempted to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of essential oil nanoliposomes from three plants by two preparation methods including thin film sonication and heating. Also, the durability of fumigation toxicity of the essential oil nanoliposome and pure essential oil of Mentha pulegium against Tribolium castaneum Herbst adults were compared. The smallest mean size of the nanoliposome was prepared by the thin film sonication method (P<0.05). The encapsulation efficiency of the nanoliposome was higher than 96%. Nanoliposmes prepared by using two methods showed high stability during storage. The release profile of essential oils at the heating method showed that the essential oil diffusion from the nanoliposome was in the following order: Mentha pulegium > Ferula gummosa > Zattaria multiflora. These findings indicate that both preparation methods had the same effect on the formation of nanoliposomes, their characteristics, and their storage stability. The durability of fumigation toxicity of the nanoliposome M. pulegium essential oil had a significant effect on mortality of T. castaneum adults in comparison with pure essential oil of this plant. The result showed that nanoliposome encapsulation of M. pulegium essential oil significantly increased fumigation toxicity against T. castaneum. Therefore, essential oil encapsulation into a nanoliposome carrier can potentially be used in pest management.