Puebla City Research Articles

Sustainable urban water management index for developing countries. A case study in Puebla City, Mexico

Several indicator and index frameworks have been reported to assess management efficiency and promote transparency, facilitating decision-making and innovation. However, they cannot be applied in cities with limited information, making them impractical. This study proposes a Sustainable Urban Water Management Index (SUWMI) for such cities, selecting six AquaRating indicators plus two indexes recommended in the Sustainable Development Goal 6, yielding a simplified and practical version for diagnosing the management performance rate of the Water Operating Systems (WOS) in cities. Conceptual and mathematical models were defined for SUWMI, and the eight selected terms were hierarchized based on a decision tree with the participation of an expert panel and further multicriteria decision-making methodology by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to calculate the weighting parameters. The selected indicators represent five categories on a percentage scale. The highly populated Puebla City Metropolitan Zone in Mexico was the case study. Information was gathered from five Water Operation Systems (WOS) from 2002 to 2020. The tap water area's coverage and physical efficiency improved despite the population growth due to an adequate political strategy after 2014. The SUWMI values of each WOS diagnoses its performance, highlighting their differences and providing a valuable tool for guiding urban water public policy programs. The paper proposes a simple, fast, and easy-to-calculate index that can be helpful for a broader cluster of cities and urban settlements with deficient available information, which is common in developing countries.

Implementing organizational ambidexterity using the balanced scorecard in Puebla City’s hotel industry, Mexico

PurposeThis paper investigates the effectiveness of the Ambidextrous Scorecard (ASC) in facilitating the integration of organizational ambidexterity in four-star Puebla City hotels for managing exploitation and exploration activities. It proposes an integrated approach to ambidexterity and introduces the ASC as a tool explicitly targeting hotels’ challenges and opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyzes survey data from 41 hotels (85.42% response rate). Our methodology involves a literature review, the Delphi technique for questionnaire validation, and data collection through Google Forms. Statistical tests confirm the reliability and validity of the approach for assessing the effective integration of exploitation and exploration activities.FindingsThe paper highlights how the ASC promotes an integrated approach to managing both activities. By incorporating exploitation activities (cost reduction, strategic alliances), and facilitating exploration activities (process innovation, new market attraction), the ASC empowers hotels to streamline operations, develop novel offerings, and achieve enhanced operational efficiency and innovation.Research limitations/implicationsWe acknowledge limitations due to its specific focus on the hotel industry in Puebla City, suggesting that the results may not be universally applicable. We recommended that further investigation be conducted into the application of the Ambidextrous Scorecard (ASC) across different sectors and regions to enhance understanding of organizational ambidexterity. Exploring the impact of integrating exploitation and exploration activities across corporate areas could offer valuable insights for implementing the ASC in diverse business settings.Practical implicationsThe paper indicates that hotels can achieve ambidexterity by integrating exploitation and exploration activities using the Balanced Scorecard. This approach enhances competitiveness, allowing hotels to anticipate and respond to market trends quickly. It highlights the significance of considering ambidexterity across all organizational areas to ensure sustained adaptability and performance in dynamic environments.Originality/valueThis paper introduces the concept of integrated ambidexterity and the ASC as a novel tool for managing the balance between innovation and efficiency. The ASC transcends the hotel industry, potentially benefiting various service sectors by facilitating a more integrated approach to organizational performance.

Puebla City Water Supply from the Perspective of Urban Water Metabolism

The city of Puebla is a mid-sized Mexican city facing multiple water-related challenges, from overexploitation of water sources and extreme pollution of rivers to water conflicts and contestation processes due to the privatization of water supply. Due to the complexity of urban water systems and their relevance for urban life, a holistic and integrative perspective is therefore needed to inform policymakers addressing such challenges. In this paper, Urban Water Metabolism (UWM) has been used to offer a comprehensive understanding of current water insecurity in the City of Puebla and its metropolitan area. Water inflows and outflows have been estimated using the Material Flow Analysis (MFA) method with data either obtained from official sources or simulated with the Monte Carlo method. Our findings show that the UWM configuration in the City of Puebla and its metropolitan area is effective for generating profits for service providers and water-related businesses, yet ineffective for guaranteeing citizens’ Human Right to Water and Sanitation (HRWS), a right recognized in the Constitution of Mexico. We conclude that to advance towards an inclusive and sustainable long-term provision of water, economic goals must follow socio-ecological goals, not the other way around. We consider UWM accounting useful for informing policy and decision-making processes seeking to build a new water governance based on both the best available knowledge and inclusive and vibrant social participation.

Functionality Loss and Recovery Time Models for Structural Elements, Non-Structural Components, and Delay Times to Estimate the Seismic Resilience of Mexican School Buildings

Concerns about prolonged downtime and functionality losses observed after recent seismic events have made it clear that seismic design is heading towards a resilience-based approach. However, there is still currently no clear consensus on how to quantify and interpret resilience. In this document, a probabilistic approach to estimate recovery times and functionality loss in buildings is presented, which allows for the estimation of seismic resilience through consideration of delay times and the behavior of non-structural elements. To achieve these goals, simple models that associate structural response and the resilience parameters (recovery time and functionality) are defined. The proposed approach was implemented in a database for public school buildings in Puebla City, where the expected times and functionality were obtained, thus allowing for quantification of the seismic resilience of each structure. Furthermore, target values for low and high resilience are proposed, which helps to identify the weakest elements in the educative Mexican infrastructure. The results showed that the inclusion of delay times and non-structural elements in resilience quantification is mandatory if an overestimation of resilience values is to be avoided. At the same time, the target values allow for the different structures to be categorized according to the resilience values obtained, finding that a significant portion of Mexican school buildings are underprepared in a resilience context.

Descriptive analysis of the elevation in the third time of volleyball through the "Tracker" program

In the game of volleyball, the correct elevation of the ball for offensive shots is essential to exert an adequate ball hit and achieve points in favor. The objective of the present investigation was to establish a range in the elevation of the third time towards position 4 to improve the attack in volleyball players. For this investigation, a protocol was created that equalizes the conditions and executions that are carried out during an official volleyball match, this protocol was applied to 13 players in the position of male lifter from different selective teams in Puebla city. The method of observation and measurement by videometry was used and 13 elevators from the state of Puebla selected in a non-probabilistic way were compared, each one made 10 elevations as established by the protocol, each one of the subjects to be studied was recorded and each one was cut video to a direction of 3 to 5 seconds with the help of the online video trimmer, once the cuts were made, it was analyzed with the help of the "Tracker" program that analyzes the parabolic shot, as is the elevation in volleyball, this program locates the ball by points and with a Cartesian plane as well as with its respective calibration offers numbers in meters according to each point that the program locates. With the data obtained, the range for elevation can be known and thus the coach can have one more tool on how to evaluate his player in the point guard position.

The IoT-enabled sustainable reverse supply chain for COVID-19 Pandemic Wastes (CPW).

Supply chains have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is the most recent worldwide disaster. After the world health organization recognized the latest phenomena as a pandemic, nations became incapacitated to provide the required medical supplies. In the current situation, the world seeks an essential solution for COVID-19 Pandemic Wastes (CPWs) by pushing the pandemic to a stable condition. In this study, the development of a supply chain network is contrived for CPWs utilizing optimization modeling tools. Also, an IoT platform is devised to enable the proposed model to retrieve real-time data from IoT devices and set them as the model's inputs. Moreover, sustainability aspects are appended to the proposed IoT-enabled model considering its triplet pillars as objective functions. A real case of Puebla city and 15 experiments are used to validate the model. Furthermore, a combination of metaheuristic algorithms utilized to solve the model and also seven evaluation indicators endorse the selection of efficient solution approaches. The evaluation indicators are appointed as the inputs of statistical and multicriteria decision-making hybridization to prioritize the algorithms. The result of the Entropy Weights method and Combined Compromise Solution approach confirms that MOGWO has better performance for the medium-sizes, case study and an overall view. Also, NSHHO outclasses the small-size and large-size experiments.

Host traits, ownership behaviour and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic pets in Mexico.

SARS-CoV-2 can infect pets under natural conditions, which raises questions about the risk factors related to the susceptibility of these animals to infection. The status of pet infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico is not well-understood. We aimed to estimate the frequency of positive household cats and dogs to viral RNA and antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of human infections in Mexico, and to recognize the major risk factors related to host and pet ownership behaviour. We evaluated two study groups, cats and dogs from COVID-19-infected/-suspected households (n=44) and those admitted for veterinary care for any reason at several veterinary hospitals in Puebla City, Mexico (n=91). Using RT-PCR, we identified the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs of four dogs (18.18%) and zero cats in COVID-19-infected/-suspected households; within this group, 31.82% of dogs and 27.27% of cats were tested IgG ELISA-positive; and neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (4.55%) and two cats (9.09%). In the random group (pets evaluated at private clinics and veterinary teaching hospital), 25.00% of dogs and 43.59% of cats were ELISA-positive and only one cat showed neutralizing antibodies (2.56%). Older than 4-year-old, other pets at home, and daily cleaning of pet dish, were each associated with an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). Allowing face lick, sharing bed/food with pets and owner tested positive or suspected COVID-19 were not significant risk factors, but more than 4 h the owner spent away from home during the lockdown for COVID-19 (OR=0.37, p=0.01), and outdoor pet food tray (OR=0.32, p=0.01) significantly decreased the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets, suggesting that time the owner spends with their pet is an important risk factor.

Drivers of the Sharing Economy That Affect Consumers’ Usage Behavior: Moderation of Perceived Risk

In the access to peer-to-peer sharing of goods and services through a technology platform, which is known as the sharing economy, there is no consensus on the factors that motivate consumers. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of perceived risk on consumers’ participation in the sharing economy in a developing country. Following a quantitative approach, a survey was conducted among 400 consumers in the Metropolitan Zone of Puebla City, Mexico. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. Economic benefits, enjoyment, and trust drove the usage behavior of consumers in the sharing economy. In addition, perceived risk significantly moderated the relationships that usage behavior has with the economic benefits and the feeling of the community. As predicted by social exchange theory, the consumers made choices based on a subjective cost–benefit analysis, showing flexibility in the type and amount of rewards. This study contributes to knowledge about customer behavior in the context of the sharing economy.

Current situation of cancer screening knowledge among medical students and medical doctors in Puebla City, Mexico.

e22505 Background: Knowledge and awareness of cancer screening among medical doctors has a great relevance in prevention of oncologic diseases. It is well known that cancer screening can significantly improve patients’ outcomes and prognosis by reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, improving medical doctors’ knowledge regarding cancer screening can directly influence health promotion behavior as well as their capacity to recognize cancer in premalignant or early stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of cancer screening among medical students and doctors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we evaluated the cancer screening knowledge of medical students and physicians residing in Puebla City, Mexico. This study was conducted by the Centro Oncológico Integral at the Hospital Ángeles de Puebla in Puebla, Mexico. All the participants had given their informed consent for the use of their data for research purposes. Data was collected using an anonymous online-based, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire to measure their knowledge about cervical, breast, lung, colon and prostate cancer screening. Data analysis was done using R-Statistics. Results: A total of 383 health care professionals were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 28 years. Participants included last year medical students (n = 68, 17.8%), interns (n = 37, 9.7%), social service year physicians (n = 75, 19.6%), general practitioners (n = 138, 36%), residents (n = 23, 6%) and specialists (n = 42, 11%). The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions, the total knowledge score had a quartile 1 (Q1) of 11 points, a quartile 2 (Q2) of 13 points and a quartile 3 (Q3) of 14 points. Participants were categorized in three groups according to their score: 45.95% showed a low (&lt; Q2) level of knowledge, 30.02% a moderate (Q2–Q3) level of knowledge and only 24.02% a high (&gt; Q3) level of knowledge. Residents and specialists showed a better median score than other groups of participants. A one-way ANOVA revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the level of knowledge according to the occupation of the participants (p = 0.0171). Conclusions: Most participants showed a low to moderate level of knowledge about cancer screening in this study. Active measurements, effective education programs and communication strategies are required to improve the level of knowledge and awareness of health care professionals in cancer screening and prevention.

Gender equity: A brief overview in Puebla City-Mexico

Gender equity is an ethical consideration with which we try to apply measures that correct the historical imbalance between genders, however the current panorama reflects differences in treatment and opportunities between men and women, the latter being the most vulnerable sector. The objective was to analyze gender equity in our society through the design of an instrument applied to an open population. In the present study, an observational, prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive design was used, applying an ad-hoc questionnaire to a total of 130 individuals in Puebla city during the months of november-december 2021, in order to collect information that It would allow us to know the possible causes and consequences that are involved in gender inequality. The analyzed sample showed that the percentage of participation for women was 79.2% and for men 20.8%. Individuals surveyed 89.2% reported that they do not consider that there is gender equality in our society. Regarding the fact of whether men and women receive the same treatment at work, school or other environment, 53.1% answered no and 46.9% affirmed yes. 70.7% of the responses state that human rights violations affect both genders, and only 29.3% state that their impact is due to or based on the sex of the victim. There is agreement on the fact that there is no gender equity in our society and that it also happens in almost all areas of social activities.

Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Glycemic Control in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

IntroductionType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of heterogeneous etiology, in which the patient presents alterations in metabolism, which are associated with a total or relative deficiency in insulin production and variable degrees of resistance to it1,2.T2DM and periodontal disease are chronic diseases, the evidence suggests an association between the two. Studies report that T2DM worsens the periodontal disease and glycemic control plays a fundamental role in this3.4.ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between periodontal disease and glycemic control in pediatric patients with T2DM.MethodologyAn observational, descriptive, cross‐sectional, prospective, homodemic and single‐center study was carried out in the pediatric stomatology service of the “Hospital para el Niño Poblano” (Puebla city, Mexico) in the period January‐July 2019 with 20 patients (between 6 to 18 years old) diagnosed with T2DM and were under treatment for their glycemic control.ResultsThe population was classified into patients with glycemic control based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ≤ 7.5%) and patients without glycemic control (HbA1c&gt; 7.5%).The prevalence of periodontal disease for patients diagnosed with T2DM was higher in uncontrolled patients who were classified within high Community Periodontal Index (CPI) codes between 3 (71.4%) and 4 (28.6%)5(Table 1).Similarly, it was observed that in the group of patients without glycemic control presented averages of Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI‐S) cataloged between fair (57.1%) and poor (42.9%) (Table 2).DiscussionSimilar results were obtained by Janket (2005)6and Carneiro (2015)7, who relate a higher rate of periodontal disease in patients with higher HbA1c values.ConclusionIt was determined a relationship between glycemic control and periodontal disease in children, because patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c&gt; 7.5%) presented CPI with degrees of inflammation and presence of periodontal pockets and poor OHI‐S.References Islas S, Revilla MC. Diabetes Mellitus: Actualizaciones. IMSS. México, D.F.: Editorial Alfil. 2013. Menon S, Francis J, Zdraveska N, Dusabimana A &amp; Bhattacharyya S. La epidemiología de la hiperglucemia inducida por TB intransitoria en individuos con diabetes mellitus 2 no diagnosticada previamente: un protocolo para una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis. Revisiones sistemáticas. 2019; 8 (1): 1‐5. Britos MR, Sin CS, &amp; Ortega SM. Enfermedad periodontal y su implicancia en la diabetes mellitus: revisión de la literatura. Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol. 2019: 33‐40. Pérez I. Diabetes Mellitus. Gac Med Mex. 2016;152(1):50‐55. IPC. OMS (online, July 2019). URL available at: https://es.scribd.com/doc/84956710/Indice‐Periodontal‐de‐Russell‐forma‐OMS Janket S, Wightman A, Baird AE, Van Dyke T, Jones J. Does periodontal treatment improve glycemic control in diabetic patients? A meta‐analysis of intervention studies. J Dent Res. 2005;84(12):1154‐1159. Carneiro V, Calixto F, Morais F, Pegoretti T, Borges AC, da Silva M. The influence of glycemic control on the oral health of children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(6):535‐540.

Comparing Models with Positive Anticipated Emotions, Food Values, Attitudes and Subjective Norms as Influential Factors in Fast-Food Purchase Intention during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Channels: Restaurants and Mobile Apps

The purpose of this research is to determine if positive anticipated emotions, food values, attitudes and subjective norms influence food purchase intention in two different models: a fast food restaurant and a food delivery service via mobile apps. For this study, we utilized a non-experimental, causal, descriptive and cross-sectional design. From October 2020 to January 2021, self-administered online surveys were distributed to a convenience sample of 200 fast-food consumers at restaurants, and users of food delivery services via mobile apps Puebla City, Mexico. IBM–SPSS Statistics and the SmartPLS 3 Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling were used to test our hypotheses. The results underscored a difference in attitudes between the models. The attitude toward the brand positively and significantly influenced purchase intention via mobile apps, whereas attitude toward eating a hamburger positively and significantly influenced purchase intention of visiting a fast-food restaurant. In both models, positive anticipated emotions exhibited the closest relationships with purchase intention, attitude toward the brand and attitude toward eating a hamburger, whereas food values exerted an insignificant effect on attitudes and purchase intention. Future research should consider performing a face-to-face survey with a random sample while accounting for different demographics, regions and countries, as well as including other brands, food types and restaurants.

Evaluation of the Nutritional Status in Children 1‐3 Years Old in the Day Care Center: “Estancia los Patitos”

Introduction The World Health Organization has come to consider obesity as “the epidemic of the 21st century”1, Mexico occupies first place worldwide in child obesity2 and second place3 in adult obesity; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate infants from an early age in order to control and prevent this epidemic. Objective To evaluate the nutritional condition of the infants (1-3 years old) in the day care center “Estancia los Patitos” (Puebla city, Mexico). Methodology The anthropometric measurements (weight, height) were obtained using the Benesta digital pediatric scale (model ZJE-EBSH) and pediatric stadiometer (model seca 207). The Z-score for height/age (h/a), weight/height (w/h), weight/age (w/a) also was calculated. Food intake and total energy expenditure (TEE) were obtained using the 24-hour dietary recall method (24hDR) and the Nutre.in software. Results The study was conducted from March 2018 to July 2018. The sample was: 4 girls and 7 boys. The mean age, weight and height were for girls 1 year 7 months, 10.978 kg, 82.6 cm respectively; and boys 2 years, 12,931 kg, 88.4 cm respectively. W/a and h/a were included in normal weight; only for w/h, there was overweight (9%) and risk of overweight (9%). The mean of kilocalories and macronutrients were: TEE 1,603 kcal; proteins 56.2 g/day, 240 kcal; lipids 45.1 g/day, 401 kcal and carbohydrates 272.2 g/day, 962 kcal. Mean water consumption was 1,381 L/day. The percentage consumption of food supplements was 9%, coffee 45% and energy drinks 22%. Conclusion Total energy expenditure and distribution of macronutrients in this study were inadequate, as they differ from the standard recommendations of the ‘Norma Técnica de Desarrollo Infantil Integral’(carbohydrates 134-139 g/day, lipids 56-58 g/day, proteins 33-35 g/day and TEE of 892-924 kcal)4. In addition, consumption of coffee and energy drinks at an early age is not recommended, as it can cause several alterations: serotonergic syndromes, iron absorption deficiencies and weight loss5. More studies must be conducted in the country focused on nutritional evaluation in preschools for the prevention of overweight and obesity.

Coping with Occupational Stress in Journalism: Professional Identities and Advocacy as Resources

ABSTRACT Valuable work describing occupational stress in journalism has been published over the last two decades. However, the experience of coping and how local context influences coping and support are less-often the central focus of inquiry. This study addresses this gap using qualitative responses from journalists working in the Mexican areas of Tamaulipas, Puebla, and Mexico City. Using a comparative case design to capture key differences in local conditions, this exploratory study reveals generalizable and context-contingent occupational stress, coping, and support experiences. The study found journalists in each context suffered from occupational stress and found strength in professional identities expressed as gratifications from work, commitments to public service norms, and solidarity among colleagues. In addition, the study found that the local configuration of state, civil society, and criminal actors shaped whether participants engaged in collective action to demand state protection as another form of coping. These findings articulate disconnected observations on camaraderie and values from other qualitative studies of stress in journalism, emphasizing that professional identity and advocacy are sources of strength that should be supported. The study additionally contributes to the literature on journalists’ safety by clarifying the concepts of risk, occupational stress, and coping for journalists.

The importance of physical activity in COVID-19 times

The COVID-19 pandemic altered activities of societies, forced closures at the national level in several countries, populations had to isolate themselves at home. Different studies have been initiated that allow us to understand the changes in behaviors related to physical activity and sedentary lifestyle in populations. The objective of this work was the analysis of the importance of physical activity in COVID-19 times. A systematic review was carried out and a questionnaire was applied to the population that performs physical activity in parks of Puebla City, Mexico. The results of the present systematic review suggest that engaging in even light physical activity during the pandemic can help eliminate some of the negative impacts on the health of populations. Since those who experience a decrease in physical activity also have higher levels of stress and anxiety. The data obtained from the questionnaire applied to the study population showed a participation of 54% men and 46% women, ages 14-70 years for men and 18-69 years for women. Regarding the time they perform physical activity, men reported 2-3 days (40.74%), 4-5 days (29.62%) and &gt;5 days (29.62%), women 2-3 days (17.39%), 4-5 days (52.17%) and &gt;5 days (30.43%). Regarding the time that men spend sitting &lt;3 hours (14.81%), 4-8 hours (70.37%) and &gt;8 hours (14.81%), women &lt;3 hours (13.04%), 4-8 hours (65.21%) and &gt;8 hours (21.73%). The variables of practiced time of physical activity, days a week, minutes a day and hours sitting between men and women showed no significant difference (P&gt;0.05). It is recommended that populations get involved in physical activities in order to maintain a better quality of life and thus mitigate the phenomena associated with confinement due to the pandemic.

Gastrointestinal Parasites in Dog Feces in Puebla City, Mexico

Gastrointestinal Parasites in Dog Feces in Puebla City, Mexico

Prevalence of canine and human dirofilariosis in Puebla, Mexico

The objective of this work was to determine the risk of exposure to Dirofilaria immitis in the stray dog population and people living in the metropolitan area of Puebla City, Mexico, using serologic methods. A total of 283 blood salmples were collected from dogs and 254 salmples from people. The canine samples were analyzed using a commercial kit to detect D. immitis antigens and the Knott test to detect microfilariae. Human samples were analyzed by ELISAs to detect antibodies against D. immitis and Wolbachia anti-WSP, as well as Western blot to identify specific bands of the parasite in the adult antigenic extract of D. immitis. Positive results were represented on a GIS map that included layers with geoenvironmental information relevant to parasite transmission in the study area. The prevalence of D. immitis in the canine stray population was 2.12 %, with positive cases found in individuals aged 1–10 years. Human seroprevalence was established at 5.11 %, with women and men similarly affected. By age, a significantly higher seroprevalence was observed in younger individuals (<18 years) than in the rest of the population. The geolocation of the results showed that positive cases were found in the environment (within 2 km) of potentially favorable areas for mosquito breeding. The importance of human influence in the creation and maintenance of favorable conditions for the transmission of canine and human dirofilariosis within an urban area is highlighted, both by the lack of environmental sanitation and by the absence of measures to limit or eliminate the canine reservoir population.

La gastronomía tradicional como atractivo turístico de la ciudad de Puebla, México

Este artículo busca determinar la relación de la gastronomía tradicional como atractivo turístico de la ciudad de Puebla, México. La investigación se realizó bajo un enfoque turístico-mercadológico de tipo mixto, con cortes correlacional y transversal. La hipótesis general fue de tipo correlacional, así: la gastronomía tradicional incide fuertemente en la ciudad de Puebla como atractivo detonante turístico. La información se recolectó a través de un cuestionario de 19 ítems, evaluados con una escala Likert de 5 puntos. La muestra fue de 383 turistas, que visitaron los restaurantes de comida típica durante la Semana Santa de 2019. Los resultados indican que las variables de calidad y promoción, tienen una correlación alta; mientras que las variables de infraestructura y significado, , presentan una correlación moderada; siendo la variable de atención y entretenimiento, la única que presenta una correlación baja. Se concluye que la gastronomía tradicional sí es un detonante de la actividad turística en la ciudad de Puebla. Además, para mejorar su impacto, los encargados del sector deberían mejorar los aspectos relacionados con la atención y el entretenimiento, para lograr una mejor experiencia de los visitantes

Building the city through culture: Puebla’s cultural urban assemblage (1987-2017)

ABSTRACT This article analyses the creation of a cultural urban assemblage in Puebla, Mexico, between 1987 and 2017. For three decades, Puebla city officials have relied on different understandings of culture to justify and implement public policies aimed at stimulating economic development and urban reorganization. New museums, parks, bike paths, multimedia projections and web applications have been created to encourage tourism and attract investment. We propose the concept ‘cultural urban assemblage’ to highlight the role of culture as a fluid notion that legitimizes public policies and urban interventions at the same time that it gives rise to actions of resistance and criticism from local actors. Antagonism, from artists whose works have been ignored, to citizens whose property has been expropriated has challenged the government’s strategies. We describe the creation of Puebla’s cultural urban assemblage through three distinctive episodes, each of which exemplifies shifts in the practices and discourses of culture: the patrimonialization of culture as a takeover (1987–1999); cultural heritage in transition: protection as an economic venture (1999–2011); and culture as a resource for urban capital appreciation (2011–2017). These three episodes will help us illustrate the heterogeneous, stabilizing and antagonistic aspects at work in Puebla’s cultural urban assemblage.

Recogimientos femeninos en la Nueva España y su papel como cárceles para mujeres marginadas

El propósito de este trabajo es examinar el papel de los recogimientos en la Nueva España como cárceles femeninas, en los siglos xvii y xviii. Por medio de la inspección y el análisis de tres casos de mujeres aprisionadas, dos en el recogimiento de Santa María Magdalena de Puebla y una en Santa María Magdalena de la Ciudad de México, se demuestran la persecución y la condena de mujeres por nimiedades sin distinción entre actos pecaminosos y actos delictuosos. Hubo una confusión entre la justicia secular y la eclesiástica que provocó el olvido de estas personas por años en el encierro.