Articles In PubMed Research Articles

Assessment of the Relationship Between Amino Acid Status and Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-analysis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the inability of dopamine production from amino acids. Therefore, changes in amino acid profile in PD patients are very critical for understanding disease development. Determination of amino acid levels in PD patients with a cumulative approach may enlighten the disease pathophysiology. A systematic search was performed until February 2023, resulting in 733 articles in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to evaluate the serum amino acid profile of PD patients. Relevant articles in English with mean/standard deviation values of serum amino acid levels of patients and their healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. Our results suggest that valine, proline, ornithine and homocysteine levels were increased, while aspartate, citrulline, lysine and serine levels were significantly decreased in PD patients compared to healthy controls. Homocysteine showed positive correlations with glutamate and ornithine levels. We also analyzed the disease stage parameters: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) score, Hoehn-Yahr Stage Score, disease duration and levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) of patients. It was observed that LEDD has a negative correlation with arginine levels in patients. UPDRS III score is negatively correlated with phenylalanine levels, and it also tends to show a negative correlation with tyrosine levels. Disease duration tends to be negatively correlated with citrulline levels in PD patients. This cumulative analysis shows evidence of the relation between the mechanisms underlying amino acid metabolism in PD, which may have a great impact on disease development and new therapeutic strategies.

Advanced Practice Nurses in Primary Care and Their Impact on Health Service Utilisation, Costs and Access Globally: A Scoping Review.

Synthesise evidence on advanced practice nurses' impact on health services utilisation, healthcare costs, access and quality of care globally. Scoping review. A scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. PubMed, CINHAL and Embase for articles between 2016 and 2023. Eighteen studies were included (14 from the United States, two from the Netherlands and one from Australia and New Zealand each). Outcomes included health services utilisation, healthcare costs, access, and quality of care. Most studies reported advanced practice nursing patients had fewer emergency department (9 of 11 studies), fewer hospital (re-)admissions (9 of 10 studies) and primary care visits (3 of 3 studies). Seven (of eight) studies found advanced practice nursing care was associated with significantly lower healthcare costs. For access and quality of care, advanced practice nursing care was associated with lower consultation rates, similar mean number of patients seen, higher protocol adherence, more rural patient care and lower-to-similar quality delivery of chronic disease management. Majority of the studies reported that advanced practice nursing care was associated with lower emergency department visits, hospital readmissions and costs. Access to care outcomes varied under advanced practice nursing care. Advanced practice nursing care can improve patient outcomes, reduce costs and impact access and quality of care. Practices need supportive work environments for advanced practice nurses to deliver high-quality, effective care. Addressing the need for a synthesis of up-to-date evidence, this review highlights the importance of advanced practice nurses in primary care. Findings can inform global workforce development strategies to address health inequalities through effective advanced practice nursing integration. No patient or public contribution is required for this study.

Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Colorectal Cancer in Young Populations.

A considerable amount of recent research has focused on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in colorectal cancer (CRC), aiming to improve outcomes in CRC. However, AI for young onset colorectal cancer (yoCRC)-defined as colorectal cancer in patients less than 50 years old-is not nearly as explored, and its role in the prevention, detection, and management of yoCRC remains largely unknown. To address this gap, we performed an integrative review on AI in yoCRC. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Medline (Ovid), and Embase for articles published from 2020 to 2024, adhering to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. This integrative review involved gathering information from diverse research designs and literature sources. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion criteria, a total of 11 articles were included in the review. Our analysis identified one review discussing the importance of AI in yoCRC, three articles presenting research studies mentioning applications for yoCRC, and seven comprehensive investigations utilizing AI with a specific focus on yoCRC. The findings indicate that while AI in CRC is an evolving research field, there are few plans or implementations reported on how to incorporate AI specifically in yoCRC. Potential limitations of this review include the limited number of databases searched and the scope of search queries used. Nonetheless, this review highlights the need for more targeted research on AI applications in yoCRC. Future research can build upon the foundation of AI in CRC with adjustments to account for the increasing incidence of yoCRC.

Effect of five traditional Chinese medicine exercises on insomnia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Insomnia has become a significant public health issue. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) exercises are used in the treatment of insomnia. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of five TCM exercise regimens (yijinjing, wuqinxi, liuzijue, baduanjin, and taijiquan) as an intervention for insomnia. We searched six databases-China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science-for relevant articles, published in English or Chinese, from their inception till April 2024. Data from the included literature were analyzed and evaluated using a network meta-analysis of random effects with a frequency-based framework. A total of 50 papers were included, comprising 4226 patients with insomnia. The results of the direct comparison of the five TCM exercises (yijinjing, wuqinxi, liuzijue, baduanjin, and taijiquan) with the control group indicated that all five TCM exercises were able to improve insomnia (p<0.05). In the indirect comparison between the five TCM exercises, there was a significant difference between liuzijue and wuqinxi (p<0.05), and taijiquan (p<0.05). We used the areas under the receiver operating curves to rank the effectiveness of the five TCM exercises in treating insomnia as follows: liuzijue (Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve, SUCRA=96.4%)>yijinjing (SUCRA=72.6%)>baduanjin (SUCRA=55.1%)>taijiquan (45%)>wuqinxi (SUCRA=30.9%). The studied TCM exercises can be used as an effective treatment for insomnia, and liuzijue is the most effective of the studied options.

Geospatial Distribution of HIV Seroprevalence Among Blood Donors in South Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The reliance on replacement blood donors in developing countries has led to an increased prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including HIV. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HIV among blood donors in South Asian countries and disseminate the findings in choropleth maps. In addition, gender-specific prevalence or the yearly trend of HIV prevalence among blood donors was also investigated. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, CAB abstracts, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for articles published between January 2000 and December 2022. The DerSimonian-Laird effect model was used due to the high heterogeneity of the data. Data analysis was performed using R Studio version 4.1.0, ArcGIS, and GraphPad Prism 7.0. The pooled seroprevalence of HIV among blood donors in South Asian countries was found to be 0.13%, with the highest prevalence of 0.19% in India and the lowest prevalence of 0.02% in Bangladesh and Bhutan. Female blood donors had a higher seroprevalence than their male counterparts (0.24%, vs. 0.17%). In contrast to voluntary blood donors with an HIV seroprevalence of 0.13%, replacement blood donors have a higher HIV prevalence of 0.26%. The observed high heterogeneity was attributed to variations in country, gender, type of blood donors, and study year. This study demonstrates a significant burdenof HIV among blood donors in South Asia, emphasizing the need forenhanced donor screening protocols, targeted interventions and educational campaigns to ensure the safety of blood transfusionservices.Future research should explore additional risk factors and focus on expanding screening methods, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Advancing pharmacogenomics research: automated extraction of insights from PubMed using SpaCy NLP framework.

This paper presents a methodology for automatically extracting insights from PubMed articles using a Natural Language Processing (NLP) framework. Our approach, leveraging advanced NLP techniques and Named Entity Recognition (NER), is crucial for advancing pharmacogenomics and other scientific fields that benefit from streamlined access to literature through automated services like RESTful APIs.Building a new NLP model presents several challenges. First, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the field in order to define relevant entities. Second, the construction of a diverse and consistent set of examples is crucial. Finally, the effective utilization of pre-established models is of paramount importance, as demonstrated in this work.Our model, validated via ten-fold cross-validation, achieved over 70% recall and precision for all entities in the training set. We provide a reproducible pipeline for the scientific community and propose a structured approach for qualitative analysis and clustering of results. This methodology refines literature reviews, optimizes knowledge extraction, and supports broader application across diverse research domains. An online platform could further extend these benefits to researchers, educators, and practitioners.

Chronic Sarcoidosis: Diagnostic Difficulties and Search for New Criteria of Inflammatory Activity (A Case Report and Literature Review).

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology and a wide range of clinical manifestations. The incidence of sarcoidosis ranges from approximately 1 to 15 cases per 100,000 individuals per year worldwide. The significant variability in clinical presentations and target organs, as well as concomitant diseases, greatly complicates diagnosis. We analyzed articles in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase, where databases were searched using the keywords "chronic sarcoidosis", "diagnosis of sarcoidosis", "course of sarcoidosis", "pulmonary sarcoidosis", "cardiac sarcoidosis", "skin sarcoidosis", "neurosarcoidosis", "ocular sarcoidosis", and "autoimmune inflammation". Studies on the course and diagnosis of sarcoidosis with a deep search of ten years were included. In this review, we present an analysis of publications on the course and diagnosis of chronic sarcoidosis, as well as a clinical case. We have noted that the diagnosis of chronic sarcoidosis is particularly difficult due to the lack of specific biomarkers or their combination. The development and introduction of new diagnostic criteria for this disease will contribute to increasing the level of efficiency, not only of the diagnostic complex, but also the prognosis of the development and course of the pathological process. Conclusion: For the most accurate diagnosis and determination of prognosis, the existence of a single immunological or imaging marker with sufficient sensitivity and specificity is necessary.

The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) represents the most prevalent disorder of brain-gut interaction, affecting approximately 10% of the global population. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota contributes to the development of IBS. To this end, a review of articles that examined the gut microbiota of IBS patients was conducted. A search was conducted using PubMed and J-STAGE for articles published over the past five years that relate to the gut microbiota in patients with IBS. Individuals diagnosed with IBS display a reduction in alpha diversity and a decline in butyrate-producing bacteria, which collectively indicate a state of dysbiosis within their gut microbiota. Butyrate plays a dual role in the body, acting as a source of nutrition for the intestinal epithelium while also regulating the expression of dopamine transporters and D2 receptors in the central nervous system through epigenetic mechanisms. These characteristics may be linked to dysfunction of the central dopamine D2 pathway and play a role in the formation of various symptoms in IBS.

Determinants of health-related quality of life of patients with focal epilepsy: A systematic literature review.

Focal epilepsy can have significant negative impacts on a person's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Although studies have been published on HRQoL in persons with focal epilepsy (PWFE), determinants of HRQoL have not been comprehensively examined. This systematic literature review (SLR) queried existing literature to identify aspects associated with HRQoL in PWFE without focus on resective epilepsy surgery, with an interest in identifying modifiable determinants for medical/nonmedical interventions. This SLR was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published from January 1, 1900, to February 19, 2023, reporting on the association between HRQoL or employability and a range of demographic, psychosocial, or epilepsy-related factors and comorbidities in PWFE. A total of 879 abstracts were identified, with 126 manuscripts reviewed and 37 studies selected for inclusion that quantified the relationship between HRQoL and the variable of interest by multivariate (N = 21) or univariate only (N = 15) methods; 10 multivariate models also included univariate data. In adjusted models, the most commonly examined determinants of HRQoL included depression (n = 15/21), number of antiseizure medications (ASMs; n = 13/21), seizure frequency (continuous seizure count, n = 11/21; seizure freedom, n = 5/21), anxiety (n = 10/21), duration of disease (n = 9/21), and cognition (n = 9/21). Depression, anxiety, and cognition were frequently seen as significant contributors to HRQoL when studied (14/15 [93%], 9/10 [90%], and 7/9 [78%], respectively). Among concepts studied less frequently, ASM severity/adverse event burden was significant each time examined (in 5/19 studies). Attainment of seizure freedom and employability was significant 75% (n = 3/4) and 72% (n = 5/7) of the time, respectively. Poor HRQoL in PWFE can be attributed to a multitude of factors, including depression, anxiety, factors in disease management, and employability. An unmet need remains in addressing elements associated with poor HRQoL in this population.

Advanced practice nursing in Portugal – Where do we stand?

Background: Portugal's health workforce has been described as an inefficient mix of resources, impacting productivity and access to health services. To address these issues, stakeholders have advocated for Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) to strengthen the nursing role and improve service delivery. Aim: To analyze the relevance, pertinence, feasibility, and main barriers and facilitators of APN implementation in Portugal. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in the CINAHL, MEDLINE Complete, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases for peer-reviewed articles in English and Portuguese, published after 2000, on human resource configurations in health and nursing role expansion in Portugal. A review of grey literature further complemented the research. Results: A total of 59 studies (43 international, 16 national), 31 technical reports (17 international, 14 national), seven press articles, and two theses were screened. Findings were grouped into themes of APN conceptualization, regulation, barriers and facilitators, and funding. APN implementation depends on a consensus regarding APN conceptualization, regulation, and scope of practice. Key barriers include medical opposition, limited political commitment, and lack of comprehensive data on APNs' social and financial impact in Portugal. Conclusions: The implementation of Advanced Practice Nursing in Portugal is relevant and necessary, though its feasibility depends on strong leadership, political commitment, and consensus among stakeholders. Further research is essential to assess APNs' social and economic impacts within the Portuguese healthcare system.

PubMed Computed Authors in 2024: an open resource of disambiguated author names in biomedical literature.

Over 55% of author names in PubMed are ambiguous: the same name is shared by different individual researchers. This poses significant challenges on precise literature retrieval for author name queries, a common behavior in biomedical literature search. In response, we present a comprehensive dataset of disambiguated authors. Specifically, we complement the automatic PubMed Computed Authors algorithm with the latest ORCID data for improved accuracy. As a result, the enhanced algorithm achieves high performance in author name disambiguation, and subsequently our dataset contains more than 21 million disambiguated authors for over 35 million PubMed articles and is incrementally updated on a weekly basis. More importantly, we make the dataset publicly available for the community such that it can be utilized in a wide variety of potential applications beyond assisting PubMed's author name queries. Finally, we propose a set of guidelines for best practices of authors pertaining to use of their names. The PubMed Computed Authors dataset is publicly available for bulk download at: https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/lu/ComputedAuthors/. Additionally, it is available for query through web API at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/APIs/authors/. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Prevalence and determinants of depression among women with urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis worldwide.

There is no pooled evidence regarding the prevalence and potential factors associated with depression among women with urinary incontinence worldwide. Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the overall prevalence of depression among urinary incontinent women globally and explore any heterogeneity present. A computerized systematic literature search was performed using the Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Snowballing databases. Each database was searched from its start date of March 20, 2023. The study conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. All included articles were published in English and evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of depression among urinary incontinent female patients. Pooled estimations with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with the DerSimonian‒Laird (DL) random-effects model. Publication bias was evaluated by using funnel plots and statistical tests. Our initial electronic database search with the chosen search terms identified 1120 articles in PubMed (35 4), Embase (105), Scopus (325) and Google Scholar (176). The results of the 8 studies reporting a binary outcome using the different validation scales are summarized in the overall prevalence of depression was 18% (95% CI = 11-25%). Unable to read and write (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: [1.01, 1.78], I²= 0%), caesarean delivery (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: [1.30, 1.70], I² = 0%), obesity (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: [1.19, 1.58], I² = 0%), party greater than three (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: [0.98, 1.62], I²= 0%), comorbidity (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: [1.16, 1.49], I² = 85.3%), smoking (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: [0.99, 1.92], I2 = 0%) and single, divorced and widowed (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: [1.45, 1.92], I² = 0%) were the major factors associated with depression. This review demonstrated the high prevalence of depression among women with urinary incontinence. Being unable to read and write, delivery via caesarean section, obesity, having more than three children, having comorbidities, smoking, being single, being divorced and being widowed were all associated factors. This study identified that there was a strong association between urinary incontinence and depression. Future studies recommend focusing on the causal association between depression and urinary incontinence. Registration numbers of CRD42023418779.

Pathophysiology of vascular ageing and the effect of novel cardio-renal protective medications in preventing progression of chronic kidney disease in people living with diabetes.

Among people with diabetes those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a reduced life expectancy with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. CKD related to diabetes is growing worldwide and is one of the leading causes of kidney failure globally. Diabetes is associated with accelerated vascular ageing and the related mechanisms and mediators that drive the progression of CKD and CVD disease in people with diabetes may help provide insights into the pathophysiology of cardio-renal complications and guide treatment interventions in people with diabetes. We conducted a narrative review of the literature using PubMed for English language articles that contained keywords that related to diabetes, chronic or diabetic kidney disease, ageing, cellular senescence, arterial stiffness, Klotho and sirtuins, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Progressive kidney disease in diabetes is associated with accelerated ageing driven in part by multiple processes such as cellular senescence, inflammation, oxidative stress and circulating uremic toxins. This accelerated ageing phenotype contributes to increased arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, cognitive decline and muscle wasting, thereby elevating morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes and CKD. Deficiency of the kidney-derived anti-ageing hormone Klotho and reduced sirtuin levels play pivotal roles in these ageing pathways. Dietary, lifestyle and pharmacological interventions targeting vascular ageing may help reduce the progression of CKD and associated CVD in people with diabetes. The current standard of care and pillars of treatment for kidney disease such as RAAS inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists all influence pathways involved in vascular ageing. A multifactorial intervention to prevent the development of CKD by targeting traditional risk factors as well as treatment with novel agents with cardio-renal beneficial effects can prevent accelerated ageing and extend lifespan in people with diabetes.

Bone block options for treating glenoid bone loss and glenohumeral instability: A systematic review.

To systematically review the literature assessing glenoid bone loss restoration by different bone block options and compare their dimensions. Systematic examination of articles in PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to find studies of bone grafts for treating anterior glenohumeral instability. Statistical analyses were conducted via Review Manager, and a p-value of <0.05 was statistically significant. Our review included 25 studies evaluating 870 shoulders. Traditional arc Latarjet (TL) had more depth than congruent arc Latarjet (CAL; p = 0.003). The coronal radii of curvature of TL, CAL, distal tibia, and iliac crest bone blocks were similar to native glenoid (p = 0.400, 0.817, 0.467, 0.216, respectively). CAL coracoid bone blocks restored significantly more glenoid surface area (30.3%) than TL bone blocks (p = 0.012). The glenoid width and surface area restoration by distal clavicle bone blocks were equivalent to TL (p = 0.058 and p = 0.103, respectively). The CAL technique restored higher percentages of glenoid surface area than TL but has less depth, which may increase fracture risk during screw insertion. The distal clavicle bone block is a suitable substitute to TL as it was equivalent regarding glenoid width and surface area restoration.

Relationship Between Early Childhood Caries And Iron Levels In Children: A Systematic Review

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common diseases in early years of life. It is considered a serious public health problem. Though preventable, globally over 530 million children have decay in their primary teeth, and the condition is highly prevalent in both developed and developing countries. It has also been reported to have a close relationship with other systemic deficiencies. Materials and Methods: A systematic review on ECC and iron deficiency was done based on published articles in PubMed and Google scholar databases. The search profiles included ECC/risk factor, ECC/anemia, ECC/ferritin, and ECC/iron. Inclusion criteria comprised of all studies that focused on ECC and iron. Results: A significant relationship was observed between iron deficiency (ID) and occurrence of ECC. Several theories have been laid down in this regard. Our listed studies states that children with ECC appear to be at greater odds of having low iron and haemoglobin levels depicting iron deficiency anemia as compared to the control groups. Conclusions: Based on our findings, it is concluded that the incidence of ECC in young children appears to be associated with iron deficiency even in its mildest form. It is one of the risk factors for ID in children. More research needs to be done to examine lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors that are associated with malnourishment.

Exploring Education Interventions for Stroke Prevention Among Adults and Older Individuals: A Scoping Review.

This investigation aims to conduct a comprehensive review of educational interventions targeting stroke prevention to provide effective preventive measures and optimize resource utilization in adults and the elderly populations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase for articles published online or in print until February 22, 2022. Inclusion criteria for studies were limited to the studies that examined stroke education or training interventions aimed at improving knowledge among adults aged 30 years and above, with a particular focus on older adults. A review of 97,848 papers was conducted, resulting in the inclusion of 19 papers. Of these, six were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), six were non-randomized studies, five were campaign studies, one was a cross-sectional study, one was a pilot study, and one was a prospective study. The provided information describes various interventions and educational programs related to stroke awareness, prevention, and management. The intervention subjects were categorized as awareness of warning signs and symptoms of stroke (n = 14), comprehensive awareness campaigns (n = 5), multilevel strategies for stroke education (n = 4), community-based nursing education and rehabilitation program (n = 5), multimedia campaign for 9-1-1 awareness (n = 3), and self-management interventions (n = 1). The categorized interventions, addressing awareness of warning signs and symptoms, comprehensive awareness campaigns, multilevel strategies, community-based nursing education and rehabilitation programs, multimedia campaigns for 9-1-1 awareness, and self-management interventions, collectively enrich our understanding of the multifaceted approaches to stroke education.

Narrative review of chest wall ultrasound: a practical approach.

Traditionally, literature on thoracic ultrasound has focused on the study of pleural and pulmonary pathology. However, given the superficial location of thoracic wall structures, ultrasound proves to be an excellent technique for their examination. This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of thoracic ultrasound in diagnosing various thoracic wall pathologies and to illustrate the primary diagnoses that can be achieved. We performed a literature search in January 2024 in PubMed and Google Scholar for articles on thoracic ultrasound. Relevant articles were selected and synthesized in a narrative form. Thoracic ultrasound has emerged as a powerful diagnostic tool, especially when combined with a thorough clinical history. It allows for rapid, inexpensive, and safe resolution of a wide range of common clinical uncertainties across all levels of healthcare. In emergency contexts, it excels in the detection of rib fractures, demonstrating superior capability compared to traditional chest X-rays and similar efficacy to computed tomography (CT) scans. Additionally, thoracic ultrasound is highly effective in evaluating tumors, often providing accurate diagnoses without the need for further studies. It also aids in differentiating pathologies that may require more advanced imaging such as CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, thoracic ultrasound plays a valuable role in the initial assessment of infectious and degenerative conditions. Thoracic ultrasound is a versatile and efficient diagnostic tool for examining thoracic wall structures. Its applications are particularly valuable in trauma assessment, tumor evaluation, and the differentiation of various pathologies. The rapid, cost-effective, and safe nature of this technique highlights its potential as a primary diagnostic tool in a wide variety of clinical settings.

Reconsidering the City of New York Directive on Mental Health Involuntary Removals.

Homelessness is a visible manifestation of large-scale societal challenges, such as lack of affordable housing, poverty, and health inequities. Governments may miss opportunities to address these structural problems by removing people experiencing homelessness from public spaces. On 29 November 2022, after a press conference by Mayor Eric Adams, the city of New York issued a directive entitled Mental Health Involuntary Removals. The program authorized mental health providers and NYPD officers to take any person into custody who appears mentally ill and displays inability to meet basic living needs, even when no dangerous act has been observed. We reviewed the existing literature from 1973 to 2023 for studies, enacted legislation, state and federal policies, and interventions related to homelessness, mental health, and admission of people experiencing homelessness into psychiatric hospitals in the United States. We used academic databases, including PubMed, PsycInfo, and JSTOR for peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and policy analyses. Our search strategy included keyword combinations such as "homelessness and mental health," "policy interventions for homeless populations," and "health care services costs." We applied inclusion criteria focusing on reports and articles that directly address the intersectionality of homelessness, mental health policy, and psychiatric care. Homelessness and mental illness frequently intersect, creating complex challenges that require nuanced solutions. Forced hospitalization of people experiencing homelessness in New York City, while intended to address critical social and health care issues, carries a risk for significant long-term harm. This approach places strain on the mental health care system and may ultimately exacerbate the problems it purports to resolve.

Role of autologous blood patch pleurodesis for management of prolonged pulmonary air leak: A systematic review.

Prolonged air leak (PAL) represents the most commonly encountered complication following pulmonary resection. This review aims to show the role of autologous blood pleurodesis (ABPP) in the management of PAL. A search was conducted on the Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for English-language articles until September 15, 2023, with titles containing the related phrase "autologous blood patch pleurodesis (ABPP), and prolonged air leaks." Included studies comprised four randomised controlled trials, ten cohort studies, a case series, and nine case reports from various countries. Patients undergoing ABPP had a mean age of 52.7 years. Autologous blood volumes for pleurodesis varied (50 mL to 250 mL). Approximately 73.8% of cases responded to ABPP in 1 to 30 days (mean 3.75 days), and in-hospital complications were infrequent (3.9%). Follow-up durations post pleurodesis were up to 20 months. The evidence presented in this systematic review supports the role of ABPP as an effective and safe intervention for managing PAL, particularly after pulmonary resection.

Role of Neurosurgical Interventions in the Treatment of Movement Disorders Like Parkinson's Disease, Dystonia, and Tourette Syndrome.

This article provides an overview of neurosurgical therapies for movement disorders (MDs), including Tourette syndrome, dystonia, Parkinson's disease (PD), and others. It focuses on the benefits of these treatments and suggests directions for further research. A total of 10 years' worth of English-language PubMed articles were combed through, with an emphasis on studies conducted in North America. To manage MDs like Parkinson's disease and Tourette syndrome, the results suggest that non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS), and other advanced therapies may become the treatment of choice in the future. Research on dystonia is being focused on improving treatment methods by investigating new areas of the brain that might be stimulated through neurosurgery and looking at gene therapy. Modern technological developments, such as non-invasive neuromodulation procedures and improved imaging, provide promising substitutes for traditional surgical approaches. This study highlights the need for continuous clinical trials for better outcomes, which is why research and development in this area must continue.