Published Research Papers Research Articles

The Public Intellectualism of Stephen Chifunyise: Crafting an African-Inspired Theatre Praxis

This paper deploys Brouwer and Squires’ (2003) [Public intellectuals, public life, and the university. Argumentation and Advocacy, 39 (3), 201–213] concepts of ‘breadth’, ‘site/ location’ and ‘legitimacy’ as conceptual categories to frame and examine Stephen Chifunyise’s artistic and cultural practice of public intellectualism. Stephen Chifunyise’s artistic and cultural work spanned decades, working in Zimbabwe and Zambia, the academy and industry, and taking up consultancy and administration positions in government. This paper explores how this work by Chifunyise positions him as a public intellectual who shaped policy, ideological, epistemological and ontological foundations for cultural work, artistic training and development at the tertiary level, and policy formulation at a regional and continental level. This paper draws from several plays and theatre scripts, published research papers and policy documents to highlight the breadth, location and legitimacy of Chifunyise’s public intellectualism in Zimbabwe and Africa. This paper further submits that Chifunyise’s public intellectualism is located in how he uses his experiences in telling stories that speak to his environment and that of his publics’ lived existence, ways of experiencing and seeing and locatedness in the ‘village’.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAP OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCE OF THE PHENOMENON OF STREET CRIME (1966-2023) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW

This study aims to determine the crimes that are still rampant in Indonesia by researching street crimes in Indonesia. This study employs qualitative research methods with a normative juridical approach, analyzing secondary data from published literature. The research employs bibliometric data analysis techniques through searching, deepening, examining, investigating, and researching all publications indexed in Scopus regarding the impact of street crime phenomena on public peace from a criminological perspective: public spaces in Indonesia from 1996 to 2023. The obtained data will be analyzed using Microsoft Excel and R/R-Studio applications. VOSviewer will be used synchronously for synchronous analysis of keyword emergence. Street crime is a phenomenon of street-level criminal activities observed from a specialized execution perspective. Terms in the Quran and Hadith related to the behaviour of klitih (a local term for violent behaviour) are also discussed, including the forms of legal measures applied to it. The term al-hirabah refers to armed groups aiming to create chaos, spill blood, and harm people, which is entirely contrary to religion, morality, rules, and laws. Prevention can be approached through traditional means, and legal enforcement must involve various community elements to take control of the issue with support from the state and formal institutions. The results show an annual growth rate of 6.49%, which represents the average yearly increase in published research papers on street crime over the studied period. This research provides a brief overview of the accessible literature and offers recommendations for future research.

Factors affecting women’s mental health in Nigeria in the past and present: A systematic review

This study conducted a systematic review to explore the contemporary and historical determinants influencing women's mental health in Nigeria. Utilizing databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Sage, Medline, and BioMed Central, a comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant literature. After carefully applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 published research papers were selected for the review. The study examines various factors impacting women's mental health in Nigeria, including socio-economic, health-related and cultural determinants. Specifically, socio-economic factors such as poverty were analyzed in 21 studies while health-related issues such as postpartum depression were addressed in 8 studies. In addition, cultural elements, including psychological traumas leading to conditions like psychosis, sadness, and stigma, were explored in 10 studies. The findings highlight the need to prioritize women's mental health in Nigeria, emphasizing the interconnectedness of societal well-being, which includes both physical and mental health. Based on these findings, it is essential for policymakers in Nigeria to implement comprehensive mental health initiatives that target the socio-economic, health-related and cultural factors highlighted in the research. The delivery of accessible and affordable mental health services customized to the specific needs of Nigerian women should be prioritized.

Abstract 4114714: Impact of Cardiology Interest Groups on the Professional Development of Medical Students

Background: Launched in 2023, the American College of Cardiology Medical Student Member Community (ACC MSMC) began recognizing Cardiology Interest Groups (CIGs) at medical schools worldwide. This initiative fosters a robust network among ACC medical student members and celebrates their contributions within their institutions and broader communities. We surveyed medical students from 50 recognized CIGs to evaluate the influence of this network on their members' career trajectories. Methods: An anonymous web-based survey was sent to 50 student leaders of CIGs recognized by the ACC from 20 countries and was distributed to their members. The objective was to evaluate the impact of their involvement in these groups on their clinical knowledge, research activities and publications, professional advancement, and the promotion of diversity and equity. Results: Of 215 respondents (71% ACC members), 49.3% identified as female, with significant representation from Asia (35.7%), and the USA (17.6%). The majority joined CIGs to explore cardiology as a career path (61%), build professional networks (60%), and participate in specialized workshops (59.5%). Most rated their access to CIG resources as excellent (73.8%), supporting ACC's mission to enhance diversity and inclusion. Regarding educational outcomes, 48.6% rated their knowledge acquisition in cardiology as excellent, and 41% noted excellent preparation for a cardiology career. Additionally, 26.4% of students published research papers post-CIG involvement, with 39% attending ACC or AHA conferences. Survey feedback also highlighted strong networking (38.6% excellent) and mentoring opportunities (36.2% excellent) provided by CIGs. Conclusions: CIGs significantly enrich medical students' professional development by offering extensive networking, education, research, and mentorship opportunities. They play a crucial role in nurturing a global interest in cardiology, thereby enhancing diversity within the field. This model serves as a valuable blueprint for other scientific societies considering the establishment of student interest groups.

Sports in principles of economics textbooks

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to inform readers who are interested in textbooks, sports and sports economics, but especially professors who teach sports economics, about the coverage of sports in principles of economics textbooks.Design/methodology/approachThe data in the paper consist of the 130 sections on sports from twenty-one principles of economics textbooks. The paper illuminates the sections using numerous quotations and in-text references. The paper details the number of sections devoted to each sport, economic concepts they illuminate and how the text covers topics such as league rules, broadcast revenues and women in sports.FindingsThe paper finds that the 21 textbook authors devote an average of 934 words in an average of 6.2 sections of text to 11 sports. Sections of text vary from one sentence to lengthy discussions of topics such as increased salaries due to technological advances in broadcasting, antitrust cases, the gender pay gap and bargaining between leagues and players' unions. The authors refer to five published research papers on sports economics, two quantitative books, two quantitative articles in the popular press and one nonquantitative nonfiction book.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides data to researchers who study sports regarding topics that students are being taught in economics texts. It is a potential tool for connecting their areas of research to the university experience.Practical implicationsSports economics professors, and other professors, may enhance student interest by a choice of text for their principles classes.Social implicationsSports coverage in principles texts illuminates topics such as the effect of technology on income distribution, the morality of paying college athletes, the interaction of the legal system and markets and the gender gap.Originality/valueNo other publicly referenced paper details the use of sports in principles textbooks.

The Essence and Structure of the Concept “Professional Education of Students” Through Social Networks and Digital Media Platforms

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the concept of professional education in the era of digitalization, the importance of media platforms and social networks in preparing students for successful professional activity. Professional education is the basis of the educational process, which plays an important role in the development of society. It concerns not only students’ professional competencies, but also their personal qualities necessary for sustainable development in the conditions of modern economy and social environment. The concept of professional education concerns individuals and has significant implications both at the level of the country and in the global community. The main aspects of the social benefits of professional education are its contribution to the development of the economy, social stability, reduction of social constraints, the possibility for each person to achieve success in professional activities, the formation of civic responsibility and social solidarity. Thus, professional education contributes to the emergence of professionals who can adapt to the changing conditions of the labor market caused by new technologies, innovation and automation. Countries that pay attention to professional education have higher rates of competitiveness on the world stage and ensure stable economic development. Professional education helps to shape social norms and values and to adapt to the challenges of the digital age. Innovations contribute to cultural and economic growth, and professional education helps to develop these qualities in students. The article discusses the objectivity of lecturers’ and students’ interest in media platforms and social networks as new forms of professional education, training and expansion of educational space. The objective regularity and interest of researchers in studying this topic are highlighted.Materials and methods of research. The basis of the study is formed by domestic and foreign, scientific and research, philosophical and pedagogical literature, normative-legal acts, laws and regulations of the Russian Federation in the field of education and upbringing of youth. In the study of sources and materials on this topic, the methods of theoretical analysis were used. The analysis of conceptual and theoretical apparatus, comparison, generalization, synthesis, sample surveys were carried out. The experience of work on professional education in the system of higher education was studied and generalized. A review of published research papers and articles on the topic of professional education using media platforms was made in order to analyze the existing approaches, identify the main trends and determine the prospects for further research.Results. As a result of the study, the fundamental philosophical ideas of upbringing are considered. The aspect of formation of the concepts of “education” and “professional education” is studied; definitions of these terms and their interrelation in civil and moral formation of personality are given. The role of professional education in the training of students as future specialists is reflected. The role of social media in the context of the educational process is highlighted. The experience of social media researchers in professional education and educational process is studied and analyzed, and the rating of these concepts is compiled.Conclusion. The conducted analysis and conclusions of the research in the field of professional education can be used in pedagogical and scientific activities on the problem under consideration. The general and distinctive features of the concepts of “education” and “professional education” are deduced. The relevance of professional education through digital platforms is shown. The research prospects on this topic and social usefulness of professional education through social networks and media platforms within the country and the entire world community are proved.

Teachers’ Research Characteristics, Competencies, Motivation, and Challenges: Basis for Research Manual

The study aimed to investigate the teachers' research characteristics, competencies, motivation, and challenges in conducting research, which served as a basis for developing a research manual. Explanatory sequential design was employed to elicit quantitative and qualitative data. Nine hundred teacher respondents using convenience sampling and twenty-five master teachers using purposive sampling voluntarily participated. Findings reveal that teachers were interested in teaching and learning research themes but produced less research based on the number of completed, presented, and published research papers. Also, they were moderately competent in conceptual, methodological, data analysis and interpretation, and dissemination and utilization aspects but more competent in technical aspects. However, they were extrinsically motivated to do research work to get promoted someday to get higher salaries. On the other hand, they were intrinsically motivated to do research work to improve their knowledge and skills and solve school problems. Meanwhile, teachers’ challenges arose, like low-level competence, limited time, financial problems, and low parental and learner support. Hence, a research manual was based on the teachers’ competencies, motivation, and challenges that must be created locally. So, school administrators may implement research-capability programs to upgrade the teachers’ research competencies, provide technical assistance, and finance the teachers’ research projects to motivate them.

Integrating Sustainability Into Business Accounting: An Approach to Responsible Economic and Financial Management

A systematic review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of Business Accounting, Sustainability, Responsible Finance, during the period between 2017 and 2022 under the PRISMA approach (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). The purpose of the analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the publications registered in the Scopus and Wos databases during the study of the proposed variables, achieving the identification of 64 publications in total. Thanks to this first identification, it was possible to refine the results through the keywords entered in the search button of both platforms, which were BUSINESS ACCOUNTING, SUSTAINABILITY, RESPONSIBLE FINANCES, reaching a total of 14 documents, excluding duplicates and those that did not meet the analysis criteria. Among the main findings in the analysis applied to the identified articles, it is highlighted that business accounting must evolve towards a model that effectively integrates sustainability into its processes. Business practices that incorporate social and environmental metrics not only meet stakeholder expectations and regulatory standards, but also drive long-term economic success.

Biofertilizers: A sustainable strategy for enhancing physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil

A biofertilizer is a biologically derived substance that can enhance soil fertility. It is beneficial for enhancing soil fertility by introducing microorganisms that produce organic nutrients and perhaps decreasing plant illnesses. An extensive review was done to examine the efficacy of several biofertilizers in improving soil properties, including their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The secondary data and material for the article were gathered from a variety of sources, including government reports, published research papers, reports from various organizations, and pertinent websites that were examined and their conclusions presented. Although biofertilizers have proven to be a very sustainable method for improving soil quality and increasing crop output, there is a lack of extensive research on their effects on soil’s physical, chemical, and biological aspects. This study aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of various biofertilizers and their effects. This investigation indicated that biofertilizers such as Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizers, and potassium solubilizers help to increase NPK content in the soil leading to an increase in the productivity of soil. Moreover, biofertilizers help to enhance soil physical properties (soil bulk density, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil color), chemical properties (soil pH, soil nitrogen content, soil phosphorus content, soil potassium content, and soil organic carbon content), and chemical properties (population of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes). Overall, by overcoming the challenges with biofertilizers in agriculture, we can attain agricultural sustainability.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Screening Among Arab Females in the Middle East: A Literature Review.

Breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in Arab countries. Lack of knowledge and awareness regarding breast cancer screening has increased the breast cancer-related morbidity and mortality. This literature review aimed to assess published research papers with a focus on the levels of knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers of women in Arab countries of the Middle East toward breast cancer and its screening. SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched using specific terms for relevant, quantitative, original studies published between 2017 and 2022. All English articles that matched the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Fourteen studies focusing on knowledge, attitudes, and barriers regarding breast cancer were included. Two independent reviewers performed screening and extraction. Among the reviewed studies, a range from 19.6% in Oman to 67% in Saudi Arabia had poor knowledge of breast cancer. Past personal or family history was a well-recognized risk factor (n=5), and being worried about the results was the most common barrier to screening. Although most women were aware of screening methods, the majority did not practice screening. Social media and the internet were the most used sources of information used by women to obtain knowledge regarding breast cancer and its screening (n=6). Most of the Arab female population had low levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast cancer and its screening. Programs designed to raise awareness are necessary, and more policy changes must take place on the national level in Arab, Middle Eastern countries to address the low knowledge, the negative attitudes, and the limited access to breast cancer screening.

Physical Activity and Its Relationship with The Academic Performance of University Students

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variable Physical Activity and Academic Performance. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2017-2022 by Latin American institutions, achieving the identification of 134 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, it is found that Brazil, with 53 publications, was the Latin American country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions in that nation. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material related to the study of Physical Activity and Academic Performance was Medicine with 81 published documents, and the most used Type of Publication during the period indicated above were Journal Articles with 88% of the total scientific production.

Modelling of oxide fuel restructuring during first hours after a reactor reaches its power

There is a substantial amount of experimental data that confirm the peculiarity of the oxide fuel behavior during the first hours after a reactor reaches its power. With an increase in temperature during the said period, oxide fuel pellets crack because of a significant temperature gradient. Further developments occur due to the accumulation and redistribution of fission products, and manifest themselves as changes in the fuel matrix porosity and the formation (or diameter increase) of a central hole. The zones that differ in their microstructure, density and thermal conductivity are formed along the fuel pellet radius. As the oxide fuel composition and restructuring result in its thermal conductivity change, it is important to pay attention to the formulas used in the stress-strain state calculations of a fuel element. The methodology for calculating changes in the oxide fuel porosity and the pellet’s internal diameter is proposed and based on the published research papers dedicated to the study of oxide fuel properties and behavior during the first hours after a reactor reaches its power. Тhe methodology was tested using real experimental data on the porosity redistribution along the fuel pellet radius. The presence and the size of the pellet’s inner hole, as well as changes in the fuel matrix porosity, have a noticeable effect on the maximum temperature value. Taking into account the pellet structure evolution while performing computational simulation of the fuel rod operation under irradiation allows assessing the fuel element’s operability more accurately. The proposed methodology can be used in computer codes designed to calculate the stress-strain state of cylindrical fuel elements of fast reactors.

The Impact of Sustainable Tourism on the Economic and Social Development of Rural Destinations: A Case Study in Ecuador

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variables Sustainable Tourism, Economic Development and Rural Destinations. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in the Scopus database during the period 2018-2023, achieving the identification of 135 publications. The information provided by this platform was organized through graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics have been described, the position of different authors regarding the proposed theme is referenced through a qualitative analysis. Among the main findings made through this research, it is found that Spain, with 19 publications, was the country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated with institutions in that nation. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material related to the study Sustainable Tourism, Economic Development and Rural Destinations, was Business, Administration and Accounting with 65 published documents, and the most used Type of Publication during the period indicated above were Journal Articles with 68% of the total scientific production.

Optimizing Administrative Accounting: Innovative Strategies for Efficient Decision-Making and Sustainable Financial Management

A systematic review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variables Administrative Accounting, Innovation, Financial Management and Sustainability, the PRISMA approach (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). The purpose of the analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the publications registered in the Scopus and Wos databases and their scope in the study of the proposed variables, achieving the identification of 58 publications in total. Thanks to this first identification, it was possible to refine the results through the keywords entered in the search button of both platforms, the following keywords: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING, INNOVATION, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, reaching a total of 15 documents, excluding duplicates and those that did not meet the analysis criteria. From this analysis, it is expected to know the contributions of the scientific community to the study of the contributions of administrative accounting in sustainable financial management, in support of decision-making by senior management, always seeking the optimization of resources and increase profitability through innovation and the principles of sustainability.

The Viability Of Artificial Intelligence In Therapy: A Textual Overview

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds great importance in the world today. This paper explores the significance of Artificial Intelligence, mainly chatbots, for therapy. The paper also highlights the awareness of people regarding online therapy platforms in India. The primary data source for this research paper was secondary sources such as previously published research papers, articles, reports, etc. The aim of this research is to determine whether Artificial Intelligence is a viable alternative to offline therapy practiced by professional therapists. We find that while most people in India have not used AI platforms for therapy, those who have used them have responded positively. AI is seen as effective in providing therapy due to various reasons such as costeffectiveness, convenience in accessibility, and flexibility of time.

Waste Management, Waste Indicators and the Relationship with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Systematic Literature Review

Waste management plays an important role in sustainable development. The innovative management of waste results in minimizing the adverse effects of climate change, and social and economic sustainability. The creation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations in 2015 was an important step toward environmental sustainability, whereby the 17 goals focus on strengthening the means of implementing and revitalizing the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development. This research paper applies a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology to analyze different published research papers and research reports mainly focused on waste management and its relationship with the SDGs. This paper extensively discusses the context of waste management, SDGs, waste indicators in SDGs, and the relationship between SDGs and waste management. This paper also widely discusses the aspects of waste management regarding SDGs. The results are further divided into two sub-categories, including descriptive results, which elaborate the different approaches that are used to review the literature for this paper, and thematic results, which include the key results and discussions of different aspects of this paper. The analysis of different published research papers and research reports mainly focuses on waste management and its relationship with the SDGs. This study presents a discussion of (1) the detailed context of waste management about SDGs, (2) the waste indicators in SDGs and (3) the relationship between waste management and SDGs. This study suggests future possible areas of research by extending the regional boundaries, increasing the number of papers, focusing on more specific SDG goals and targets and studying case studies based on the specific targets and indicators.

How Does Social Media Influence Tourist Behavior? A Conceptual Framework for Exploration

Purpose of the study: In the era of digitalization, the introduction of social media platforms has fundamentally changed how people access and exchange information, significantly impacting various societal spheres, including the travel and tourism industry. This study presents a conceptual framework of existing literature to examine the relationship between social media and its influence on travel behaviors in choosing tourist destinations. Methodology: An evaluation of recently published research papers, articles, and publications on social media and its influence on travel behaviors was conducted. Main Findings: Visitors may find it challenging to sort through possibilities due to information overload and decision fatigue caused by the abundance of data. However, when it comes to information exposure, perception creation, and decision-making during the pre-trip preparation stage, social media is an essential source of travel-related information. Applications of the study: This study highlights the multifaceted ways social media impacts travelers' decision-making processes, leading to a paradigm shift in how tourist destinations are chosen. Novelty/Originality of the study: This study encompasses review of more than 50 sources that inludes, research papers, blogs, websites, newspaper articles, magazines topresent a comprehensive view on the said title.

A review on tillage system and no-till agriculture and its impact on soil health

Soil tillage is a fundamental agriculture practice aimed at preparing the soil for planting, managing crop residues, controlling weeds, preparing the ground for the next crop, integrating leftover crops and nutrients into the soil, and enhancing soil structure. However, tillage practice significantly influences activities like soil moisture, temperature, aeration, and mixing the crop residues within the soil. This article explores the impacts of traditional tillage methods and alternative approaches to reduce production costs, environmental consequences, and safeguard soil for sustainable crop production through the secondary source of results as published research papers, documents, government official and institution reports. Traditional tillage method involves the mechanical disruption of soil, which affects critical factors such as moisture retention, temperature regulation, and aeration. While use of such heavy machines can improve short-term productivity, its long-term impacts include soil compaction, erosion, and loss of organic matter, leading to environmental degradation and declining soil health. In contrast, No-till and reduced tillage practices offers a promising solution to contemporary challenges such as global climate change, water conservation, rapid soil degradation, and desertification. Under this system, wide range of crops can be grown effectively in low production cost by reducing fuel and labor requirements. No-tillage and minimal tillage is being adopted across a wide range of farm sizes, from small plots of land to vast expanses, in various countries around the world with promising sustainability.

Impacts of submergence stress on rice plants and its adaptation: A review

The main aim of this review is to convey information in summarized form by compiling and interpreting the major findings of recent studies on the impacts of submergence stress on rice and tolerance mechanisms. Published research papers available in Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Pub Med, mainly by Elsevier and SpringerLink, were critically analyzed and summarized for the preparation of the manuscript. In rice, plant survival rates, growth, and development are adversely affected by submergence. Major findings documented that submergence alters the soil aeration and creates hypoxic and anoxic conditions, which results in low photosynthetic efficiency and sugar status in rice plants. Compared to a tolerant cultivar, a sensitive cultivar produces more ethylene and causes injury to the plant. Controlled underwater shoot elongation, higher conserved non-structural carbohydrates, and better hormonal regulation, especially ethylene and gibberellin, and abscisic acid, are the primary adaptive mechanisms of tolerant plants in submergence, which helps better recovery at the post-submergence stage, too. The Sub1 gene and the associated QTLs are crucial for the superior performance of tolerant cultivars in submergence. Any agronomic management practices that can reduce ethylene production and enhance the nutrient status of plants can alleviate the severity of submergence. Understanding the intricate relationship between submergence and rice plant response is essential, mainly how submergence affects the rice plant and its tolerance mechanism to develop resilient rice cultivars that can grow in flood-prone regions.

The spatiality of geography assessment questions: a case study of selected South African universities

ABSTRACT Spatial thinking is an essential skill for geographers and can be taught and learnt at any age. Spatial thinking should, therefore, form part of the Geography curriculum at every study level. An initial desktop study by the authors has indicated that the inclusion of spatial thinking in the undergraduate Geography curriculum at South African universities needs improvement. Up to now, published research papers have focused mostly on questions on spatiality included in Geography textbooks at the school and tertiary levels. None of these papers focused on the spatiality of assessment questions. This research aims to assess the spatiality of questions posed in formative and summative assessments of undergraduate geography modules at six selected South African universities. The taxonomy of spatial thinking was used to determine the spatiality of 2864 formative and summative assessment questions used at the first, second and third-year levels at six selected South African universities. The results indicate that the assessment questions, generally, do not reach a desirable level of spatiality and will, therefore, contribute towards developing students’ spatial thinking skills only in a limited way. Based on the results, recommendations are supplied to improve the spatiality of undergraduate Geography assessment questions using the taxonomy of spatial thinking.