Public Pressure Research Articles

MÍDIA E PROCESSO PENAL: A INFLUÊNCIA DA COBERTURA MIDIÁTICA NAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS E AS VIOLAÇÕES AOS PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS

The media coverage in the Brazilian criminal justice system, especially in the Jury Court, has raised concerns about the impartiality of judicial decisions by interfering with the fundamental rights of defendants. This study aims to analyze the influence of the media on the criminal process, highlighting violations of constitutional principles such as due process, the presumption of innocence, the right to a fair trial, and the right to a broad defense. The impact of public opinion pressure, often fueled by sensationalist media coverage of high-profile cases, is discussed in the context of the impartiality of jurors. The main objective is to propose strategies to mitigate this media interference, including jury sequestration, precise guidance for jurors, and the implementation of measures like "gag orders." The research adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on bibliographical review and the analysis of a concrete case, the Nardoni Case, to illustrate the effects of media on the criminal process. The study suggests that, although it is difficult to completely eliminate media influence, the adoption of effective measures can contribute to ensuring a fairer and more transparent trial, respecting the constitutional rights of the defendants.

Mental health status and influencing factors among Chinese college students in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period

After almost 3 years of battling against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the static infection prevention had evolved to a dynamic management model at the end of 2022. However, the considerable rebound from pandemic in some areas is generally accompanied by increasing public pressure and depression. Hence, we investigated the impacts of the pandemic on the mental health and sleep quality of college students in China by conducting a cross-sectional survey on undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students (n = 1105) through the Questionnaire Star survey platform. Demographic data, COVID-19-related stressors, information from four standardized scales (namely anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep), and other information were gathered through the survey. A total of 1120 questionnaires were collected, of which 1105 met the inclusion criteria. Most respondents were medical students (64%), and almost all of them had received the COVID-19 vaccine (99%). More people had been infected with COVID-19 (75%), with 33% showing mild to severe anxiety. A total of 54% of the respondents had mild to severe depression, 70% had moderate to severe perceived stress, and 28% had sleep disturbances. Further, analysis showed that the level of mental health was correlated with sleep. In addition, respondents from the medical specialty experienced more severe depression and anxiety (P < 0.01), and the increase in stress after the outbreak, in terms of anxiety and depression, became significantly more pronounced (P < 0.001). After the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, the mental health level of college students was affected to some extent. The COVID-19 cases surge in some areas also resulted in psychological pressure and negative mental health among college students to a large extent even after the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. Despite the exigency to address the COVID-19 cases, attention must also be focused on the associated mental health problems, which require more systematic resolution from relevant authorities or departments.

Achieving Air Pollution Control Targets with Technology‑Aided Monitoring: Better Enforcement or Localized Efforts?

Weak enforcement of environmental regulations remains a global issue due to inadequate monitoring and misaligned incentives. This paper examines the effects of automated monitoring on achieving air pollution control targets amidst China’s war on pollution. Utilizing the staggered rollout process and remote-sensing data, we find local governments respond to the advanced monitoring system by strategically targeting areas near monitors, resulting in a 3.2 percent decrease in pollution adjacent to automated monitors compared to areas farther away. Furthermore, we observe heterogeneity in response across cities with varying degrees of preexisting data manipulation and among officials facing different incentives and public pressure. (JEL O13, O18, P25, P28, Q53, Q55, R11)

Exploring Trends in Chemical Education: A Bibliometric Analysis (2019-2024)

A Bibliometric analysis is essential to comprehensively evaluate the progress and impact of chemical education research. The purpose is to analyze the visualization of bibliometric mapping on the network between keys, the most frequently discussed topics, and recommendations for research opportunities on the topic of Chemical Education. This research is quantitative descriptive research with a bibliometric approach. The stages carried out include the data collection process, checking and refilling bibliographic attributes, then bibliometric analysis using VOS viewer software. Data collection is done by searching for Scopus indexed journal articles through Publish or Perish (PoP). Data from Publish or Perish (PoP) is filled in and completed in the author keywords section manually using desktop Mendeley software then integrated into the VOS viewer software for mapping. The results of the analysis of keyword mapping in Scopus indexed scientific articles from 2019-2024, it is known that in the last 5 years, in Scopus indexed journals there are 462 different keywords and form 2072 connecting lines and 35 clusters. The keywords with the strongest links based on VOS viewer include: chemistry education (27), first-year undergraduate/general (25), curriculum (22), general public (20), green chemistry (18), systems thinking (18), high school/introductory chemistry (16), upper-division undergraduate (14).

On the Brink: Reagan, Freeze, and the Nuclear Weapons Debate (1981-1984)

This article examines the nature of what motivated Reagan’s disarmament policy and what influence the Freeze movement had on it during his first term. It challenges the conventional view posited by scholars such as Lawrence S. Wittner and Angela Santese that early in his administration, Reagan was not interested in disarmament and that the Freeze movement, via public pressure and efforts in Congress, forced Reagan to soften his bellicose rhetoric and alter his approach to disarmament policy. By examining Freeze documents from the State Historical Society of Missouri (SHSMO), executive branch documents from the Reagan Library, and the State Department Office of the Historian, as well as pertinent memoirs, this article offers a more complex and nuanced analysis of what drove Reagan’s thinking during this crucial period in the Cold War. In contrast to Wittner and Santese, it asserts that Reagan genuinely sought nuclear arms reductions throughout his first term and that any tactical adaptation in his approach resulted from an evolution in his mindset toward the Soviets caused by the cumulative effect of the attempt on his life, relationship with Ambassador Dobrynin, the Pentecostalist case, and NATO’s Able Archer exercise, and was only tangentially related to the Freeze movement.

Crossing disciplinary boundaries: An ethnographic exploration of academic publishing invitations.

Background: This autoethnographic study examines email invitations for health researchers to publish in journals outside their expertise, exploring implications for interdisciplinary research and knowledge production.Methods: Over three months, email invitations to publish outside the author's field were documented and analysed thematically and through reflexive journaling.Results: Five main themes in publication invitations were identified: emphasising novelty, promising rapid publication, appealing to research impact, flattering language, and persistent messaging. Reflexive analysis revealed complex factors shaping responses, including publication pressures, desires for prestige, and tensions between disciplinary norms and interdisciplinary collaboration. While invitations may present opportunities for novel collaborations, they often reflect predatory publishing practices.Conclusions: Navigating this landscape requires careful discernment, commitment to academic integrity, and reflexivity about one's positionality. The study underscores the need for researchers to critically interrogate the motivations behind such invitations. Further research could explore decision-making processes across disciplines and implications for academic publishing integrity and equity.

Integrating Māori Perspectives in Environmental Management and Fisheries

Māori perspectives on environmental management advocate for a balanced and interconnected approach, prioritising long-term sustainability. This contrasts with more reductionist and economically driven approaches focussed on short-term commercial gains. This paper provides an overview New Zealand’s Quota Management System (QMS) and Māori fishing rights. The paper describes aspects of mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), explaining key concepts such as kaitiakitanga (guardianship) and their application in commercial fisheries management. The research highlights how Māori-owned fishing companies balance economic interests with cultural and environmental stewardship, exceeding regulatory requirements to protect marine environments. The paper discusses the challenges faced by the industry, including environmental issues and public pressure for sustainability, while also noting the growth potential, particularly in aquaculture. By analysing the successful integration of Māori worldviews within the commercial fishing sector, this paper demonstrates the potential for reconciling Indigenous knowledge systems with modern resource management practices. It concludes that the Māori approach to fisheries management offers valuable insights for balancing economic development with ecological and cultural preservation.

Investigating the links between questionable research practices, scientific norms and organisational culture

BackgroundThis study investigates the determinants of engagement in questionable research practices (QRPs), focusing on both individual-level factors (such as scholarly field, commitment to scientific norms, gender, contract type, and career stage) and institution-level factors (including industry type, researchers' perceptions of their research culture, and awareness of institutional policies on research integrity).MethodsUsing a multi-level modelling approach, we analyse data from an international survey of researchers working across disciplinary fields to estimate the effect of these factors on QRP engagement.ResultsOur findings indicate that contract type, career stage, academic field, adherence to scientific norms and gender significantly predict QRP engagement. At the institution level, factors such as being outside of a collegial culture and experiencing harmful publication pressure, and the presence of safeguards against integrity breaches have small associations. Only a minimal amount of variance in QRP engagement is attributable to differences between institutions and countries.ConclusionsWe discuss the implications of these findings for developing effective interventions to reduce QRPs, highlighting the importance of addressing both individual and institutional factors in efforts to foster research integrity.

Resource Adequacy and Integration of Renewables in Light of US, EU, and Pakistan’s Evolving Power Sector

This study investigates resource adequacy and renewable energy integration in the United States, European Union, and Pakistan amid global energy market liberalization and greenhouse gas reduction efforts. It explores how these regions are adapting to the surge in renewable sources like wind and solar, which, despite their financial and environmental benefits, challenge resource adequacy and the economic viability of traditional energy sources. In the US and EU, significant improvements have been introduced in wholesale electricity markets and capacity accreditation mechanisms, which enhanced the large-scale deployment of renewables. This shift has prompted a reevaluation of resource adequacy, leading to the increased deployment of battery storage and demand response. Presently, gas-based generation is largely upholding resource adequacy; however, future trends indicate a move towards greater consumer participation, energy efficiency, and utility-scale storage, with a decline in fossil fuel use. Pakistan aims to adopt a liberalized market structure by balancing competitive markets with legacy contracts. Public pressure is driving a shift from costly fossil-based generation to renewables. Similarly, a trend in the rise of behind-the-meter solar generation can be witnessed. In the future, Pakistan may also experience resource adequacy challenges. It will likely need to implement battery storage, demand response, and modern capacity accreditation tools, by drawing lessons from developed markets.

The profits vs protests: Corporate value dynamics amidst activist uproar

We examine the impact of student protests and geopolitical events on the firms targeted for divestment during the 2023–2024 Israel–Hamas conflict. Utilizing event study methodology, we analyze cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) across eight key conflict periods. We find positive CARs for targeted firms at the onset of the conflict, but significant negative CARs are reported as student protests escalated. This provides evidence of the tangible impacts of public pressure campaigns on market perceptions and valuations in the short-run. However, we observe positive CARs after student protests subsided which suggests potential limitations to the sustained impact of such activism and shows the market's capacity to normalize extraordinary events over time.

Bibliometric Analysis of Educative Communication Habituation: An Efforts in Shaping the Morals of Learners in Indonesia

This research was conducted in March 2024 through a search of the Google Scholar database with the title Educational Communication. Specifically, the maximum number of results was 500 articles as a sample, and the publication range was the last 10 years, starting from 2014-2024. Metadata retrieval using the Publish or Perish (PoP) application version 8.12 was then analyzed descriptively based on the year of publication, publication source, researcher productivity, and journal rank. To get an accurate map of research development, PoP data is exported to the PoPCites format, which will then be mapped simply using Excel and Result as RIS. PoPCites data is mapped by researchers, who are entered into the previously created table, and RIS data is analyzed using the VOSViewer (VV) application version 1.6.20. The results showed that the publication of research results on educational communication from 2014-2024 experienced fluctuations, and the largest source of publication was through e-journals, with as many as 406 articles. While the researchers published their research results 4 people, namely Rr. Tutik Sri Hariyati (4 articles), Ratih Kurniasari (15 articles), Hadi Pratomo (4 articles), and Heni Pujiastuti (6 articles). The VV visualization application shows that the development map of educational communication research consists of 5 clusters. Cluster 1 (5 items), cluster (3 item), cluster 3 (2 items), cluster 4 (2 items), and cluster 5 (2 items) with the most research including literature review, Indonesian systematic literature review, and systematic review.

Medals awarded to the personnel of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–1904: an inconsistency of recognition

ABSTRACT The 1902–1904 Scottish National Antarctic (Scotia) Expedition led by William Speirs Bruce was overshadowed by the 1901–1904 British National Antarctic (Discovery) Expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott. The establishment of the independent Scottish expedition had been resented by those promoting the ‘official’ British venture and the accolades accorded to each on their return home were very different. The Royal Scottish Geographical Society honoured both leaders with prestigious medals and later, after public pressure, rewarded Scotia’s captain and scientific staff but not her officers or crew. By contrast, the Royal Geographical Society rewarded the leader and personnel of the Discovery expedition and completely ignored Scotia. An even greater demarcation arose when the Polar Medal was hastily created for the benefit of Scott and the Discovery team, and subsequently extended to the crews of their two relief ships. Aggrieved that his men had not received such public recognition, Bruce commissioned his own expedition silver medal, yet did not present it to all eligible personnel. His exclusion of artist William Cuthbertson and taxidermist Alastair Ross is paradoxical given his indignation over the partiality of other awards but may indicate some unacknowledged personal friction during the Scotia expedition. The paper illuminates the politics and personalities involved in recognition of the achievements of early twentieth-century Antarctic exploration after the events themselves.

A network approach to PhD students’ well-being: insights into risk and protective factors

ABSTRACT Due to the high demands of doctoral education, concerns have been raised about PhD students’ well-being. In addition to the adverse individual impact, poor well-being of PhD students is also problematic for universities, which might lose talented researchers via absenteeism and drop-out. Despite substantial knowledge about factors influencing well-being in academia, we know little about how these factors jointly promote or impede PhD students’ well-being. We applied network analysis, alongside regression analysis, to cross-sectional data from 665 PhD students in the Netherlands to explore how PhD students’ job demands, job resources, and personal resources are associated with subjective and archival well-being indices. Findings suggest that job demands, job resources, and personal resources influence PhD students’ well-being directly and indirectly via associations with other factors. Among job demands, both publication pressure and work-home conflict were associated with higher burnout. Additionally, work-home conflict was associated with higher sickness absenteeism. Psychological capital stood out as the most important resource within the network and was related to lower burnout, higher engagement, and lower sickness absenteeism. By highlighting the importance of personal resources, particularly psychological capital, for PhD students’ well-being, this study can guide the development of interventions to promote PhD students’ well-being.

Connect to green: High-speed rail network and firms’ environmental performance

High-speed rail (HSR) has completely revolutionized intercity travel, significantly impacting economic activities. Recent studies have increasingly focused on how HSR affects environmental pollution. Given China’s extensive HSR policy in recent years, we extend this discussion in the context of China, introducing several new dimensions. Firstly, by manually collecting the daily operating routes of each HSR line in China, we construct a dynamic, directed, and weighted HSR network and provide a detailed description of the topological evolution of Chinese HSR from 2007 to 2014. Secondly, by employing network theory algorithms, we develop a city-level HSR strength index. This approach diverges from the commonly used multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) specification, allowing us to better address heterogeneity and discontinuity issues in identifying HSR effects. Thirdly, by leveraging the specific structure of the HSR network, we analyze how cities are interconnected and, for the first time, discuss the impact of “HSR-catalyzed supervision pressure” on firms’ pollution performance. Our findings show that firms exposed to higher HSR service intensity are more likely to reduce their SO2 emissions, a result that remains robust across various checks and other pollutants. We propose an intercity interaction story, predicting that HSR facilitates spillovers among city groups, thereby increasing environmental supervision pressure from neighboring cities in the HSR network. In further empirical analysis, we identify three specific sources of supervision pressure: peer pressure, vertical pressure, and public pressure.

Bibliometric Mapping: Research Development on the Topic of Quality Management on Google Scholar Using Vosviewer

This research aims to map the development of quality management research indexed in Google Scholar and analyze topics related to this topic. By adopting a qualitative descriptive method, it was carried on through three stages: (1) indexed journal with the help of Google Scholar PoP (Publish or Perish) software; (2) journals were saved as an RIS (Research Information System) file; and (3) bibliometric analysis was performed using VOS viewer. This search focused on articles discussing quality management topics in the period 2010–2023, with a limit on the number of documents of 900. The research results showed that the amount of research on quality management had fluctuated. The most publications occurred in the specified year range, namely 83 articles. The topics most discussed were quality management systems, performance, top management, education, total quality management, relations, and improvement, while those that were still very few were distance education, skills, conflict management, competence, social development, information management, and career adaptability. Therefore, these topics were likely to be of concern to the latest research on quality management in the future because there was still very little research on them.

LITERATURE REVIEW: GAMIFICATION-BASED WORDWALL APPLICATION AS AN EVALUATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS LEARNING

The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use of wordwall game-based applications as a learning evaluation tool in Elementary Schools. This research method uses Literature Review which is carried out by identifying, reviewing, evaluating and interpreting a number of existing studies. Researchers collected journal articles in the Google Scholar database through the Publish or Perish (PoP) application using the keyword "WORDWALL; MATHEMATICS LEARNING; ELEMENTARY SCHOOL" as many as 17 articles. The results of the study indicate that gamification-based wordwall applications can increase the motivation and interest in learning of elementary school students; in addition, wordwall applications are effective in improving elementary school students' mathematics learning outcomes. Therefore, wordwall applications can be used as a medium in developing formative evaluations for gamification-based mathematics learning in elementary schools.

How policy advocacy promotes regulated antibiotic use: Evidence from meat duck farmers of China

Antibiotic residues resulting from the misuse of veterinary antibiotics pose a serious threat to global food safety and the ecological environment. Regulating the use of antibiotics is currently a major concern; however, existing literature on this issue remains insufficient. Therefore, to advance research in this area, this study utilizes data from 988 questionnaires collected across 9 provinces in China and employs the 3SLS systematic estimation method. It constructs an analytical framework to explore the mechanisms through which policy advocacy (PA) influences regulating antibiotics use (RAU) among meat duck farmers. Specifically, the study examines two pathways: “ PA - public opinion pressure perception (POPP) - RAU” and “ PA - moral responsibility (MR) - RAU.” Additionally, it explores the potential mechanisms through which PA impacts RAU among farmers. The results show that PA (Coef = 0.070, SE = 0.014) can promote RAU by increasing the level of POPP (Coef = 0.173, SE = 0.091). PA (Coef = 0.351, SE = 0.028) can also promote RAU by enhancing MR (Coef = 0.239, SE = 0.035). Meanwhile, this study introduces Internet use (IU) and reputational incentives (RI) as moderating variables to analyze their role in moderating the impact of PA on RAU. It was demonstrated that IU (Coef = 0.088, SE = 0.016) significantly enhances farmers' awareness of the value of RAU and amplifies the impact of PA on MR. However, IU (Coef = −0.017, SE = 0.008) was found to inhibit the effect of PA on POPP. RI fully satisfies farmers' need for “ honor “ and enhances the effectiveness of PA in promoting both POPP (Coef = 0.009, SE = 0.002) and MR (Coef = 0.058, SE = 0.004). Finally, the study proposes that the government expand PA channels, innovate methods, and combine online outreach with demonstrations to improve farmers' awareness of antibiotic use and address their reputational needs.

Bibliometric Analysis of Factors Affecting Employee Performance with Motivation

Organizational performance can be maximized if the organization is able to utilize its human resources efficiently and effectively and use the right strategy to achieve predetermined goals. This consider points to supply a comprehensive bibliometric examination of components that impact worker execution, with a specific center on inspiration as an interceding variable. This inquire about contributes to the existing writing by systematically mapping patterns within the field, highlighting crevices, and proposing roads for future investigate. Understanding the complex transaction between inspiration and execution is significant for creating more successful human asset methodologies that progress organizational results. The investigate was conducted on May 30, 2024 looking the google researcher database with catchphrases connected employee_performance_AND_motivation within the areas of commerce, administration and bookkeeping with distribution title diary and greatest numbers of comes about are 500 diaries as a test. Metadata recovery utilizing the Publish or Perish (POP) adaptation 7.31 application. The PoP comes about were at that point analyzed unmistakably based on the year of distribution, watchwords, distributer title, source and researcher productivity. In arrange to induce an precise outline of investigate improvement, PoP information is sent out to Exel CSV and Result as RIS record groups. CSV information is made into a turn table and RIS information is analyzed utilizing the VosViewer (VV) application. The comes about appeared that the most elevated number of distributed articles happened in 2023 with 109 distributions. The publisher with the most cites perauthor based on publisher is Academia.edu with 1290 cites perauthor. The most sources are owned by Business Management and Strategy with 758 sources. Some of the keywords with the top total link strength are employee performance, motivation, impact and relationship. The authors who connected to each other in this study totaled 9 people. Some of the keywords recommended for further research related to employee performance and motivation include: compensation, work life balance and work environment.

A Review of Regulatory Frameworks for Biobanking in Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asian countries are at the forefront of public health pressures due to a confluence of factors such as population growth, urbanization, environmental pollution, and infectious diseases (re)emergence. Therefore, the ability to be able to conduct research addressing local and regional needs is of paramount importance. As such, biobanking activities, the standardized collection of biological samples, and associated data, developed over the past few decades supporting ongoing biomedical and clinical research, as well as surveillance are of critical importance. However, the regulatory landscape of biobanking is not widely understood and reported, which this narrative review aims to address for the ASEAN member states. It is evident that there are specific regulatory arrangements within each ASEAN member state, which though may be sufficient for the current level of operations, are unlikely to support a regional sharing of biological samples, data, and eventually benefits from the conducted research. Additionally, legacy and often-overlapping regulatory frameworks exist, which raise the need of an eventual consolidation under a single framework. Thus, this field requires further study as well as the creation of viable, practical proposals that would allow for biobanking harmonization and thus the exchange of biological samples and data to be achieved regionally, if not further afield.

How can advocates leverage power to advance comprehensive regulation on ultra-processed foods? learning from advocate experience in Argentina

BackgroundThe use of corporate power to undermine public health policy processes is increasingly well understood; however, relatively little scholarship examines how advocates can leverage power to promote the successful adoption of public health policies. The objective of this paper is to explore how advocates leveraged three forms of power – structural, instrumental and discursive – to promote the passage of the Promotion of Healthy Eating Law (Ley 27,642) in Argentina, one of the most comprehensive policies to introduce mandatory front-of-package (FOP) warning labels and regulate the marketing and sales of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) adopted to date.MethodsWe conducted seventeen semi-structured interviews with advocates from different sectors, including civil society, international agencies, and government. Both data collection and analysis were guided by Milsom’s conceptual framework for analyzing power in public health policymaking, and the data was analyzed using hybrid deductive and inductive thematic analysis.ResultsAdvocates harnessed structural power through the leveraging of revolving doors, informal alliances, and formal coalitions, enabling them to convene discussion spaces with decision-makers, make strategic use of limited resources, and cultivate the diverse expertise (e.g., research, nutrition science, advocacy, law, political science, activism and communications) needed to support the law through different phases of the policy process. Advocates wielded instrumental power by amassing an armada of localized evidence to promote robust policy design, building technical literacy amongst themselves and decision-makers, and exposing conflicts of interest to harness public pressure. Advocates exercised discursive power by adopting a rights-based discourse, including of children and adolescents and of consumers to transparent information, which enabled advocates to foster a favorable perception of the law amongst both decision-makers and the public. Key contextual enablers include a political window of opportunity, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ability to learn from the regional precedent of similar policies.ConclusionsPublic health policymaking, particularly when encroaching upon corporate interests, is characterized by stark imbalances of power that hinder policy decisions. The strategies identified in the case of Argentina provide important insights as to how advocates might harness and exercise structural, instrumental, and discursive power to counter corporate influence and promote the successful adoption of comprehensive UPF regulation.