Public Transport Accessibility Research Articles

Historical Insights into CO2 Emission Dynamics in Urban Daily Mobility: A Case Study of Lyon’s Agglomeration

CO2 emissions from urban daily mobility play a major role in both environmental degradation, rising economic costs, and sustainability. Reducing these emissions not only advances environmental sustainability but also fosters economic development by enhancing public health, lowering energy consumption, and alleviating the financial strain caused by climate change. Understanding the dynamics of CO2 emissions from urban daily mobility provides valuable historical insights into environmental impacts and economic costs tied to urban development. This study takes a historical perspective, examining changes in CO2 emissions associated with daily mobility in the Lyon agglomeration across two decades, drawing on data from the 1995 and 2006 household travel surveys. Our findings reveal that individual factors such as gender, age, employment status, and income significantly influence CO2 emissions, with males and full-time workers exhibiting higher emissions. Furthermore, household characteristics, including size and vehicle ownership, are critical in shaping emission levels, while urban form variables such as population density and mixed land use demonstrate a negative correlation with emissions, highlighting the importance of urban planning in mitigating CO2 output. The analysis emphasizes that greater accessibility and proximity to essential services are vital in reducing individual emissions. Based on these insights, we discuss the implications for policy design, suggesting targeted strategies to enhance urban mobility, improve public transport accessibility, and promote sustainable urban development. Finally, we outline directions for future research to further explore the intricate relationship between urban characteristics and emissions, ultimately aiming to contribute to the development of effective climate policies.

Accessibility Measures to Evaluate Public Transport Competitiveness: The Case of Rome and Turin

The transport sector worldwide relies heavily on oil products, and private cars account for the largest share of passenger mobility in several countries. Public transport could represent an interesting alternative under many perspectives, including a decrease in traffic, pollutants, and climate emissions. However, for public transport to succeed, it should be attractive for final users, representing a viable alternative to private mobility. In this work, we analyse the spatial distribution of public transport service provision within two metropolitan cities, considering the three key dimensions of mobility, competitiveness, and accessibility of public transport. The results show that private car performs better than public transport in all scopes considered, and that performance indicators are highly variable among city areas, indicating inequalities in social and environmental sustainability in urban systems. The outcomes of the analysis provide interesting insights for policy makers and researchers that deal with similar topics, and can also be extended to other cities and countries.

Mindful Transportation: A Conceptual Framework for Enhancing Accessibility for People with Disabilities in Malaysia

This conceptual paper explores the integration of mindfulness principles into the development of transportation services for people with disabilities (PWDs) in Malaysia. Transportation plays a critical role in promoting inclusivity and enhancing the quality of life for PWDs, yet accessibility remains a significant challenge due to infrastructural barriers, lack of awareness, and limited empathy from service providers. Drawing on the concepts of mindfulness, which are rooted in awareness, empathy, and responsiveness, this paper proposes a framework that emphasizes inclusivity, respect, and collaboration among key stakeholders. The proposed framework emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that incorporates physical accessibility, staff training, and policy reforms. Inclusivity involves modifying infrastructure to meet universal design standards, while empathy requires transport providers to understand the unique challenges faced by PWDs and offer compassionate, tailored services. Responsiveness, a key element of mindfulness, calls for flexible and adaptive transport services that cater to the real-time needs of PWDs, ensuring that they can access public transportation with ease and dignity. By applying this mindful approach, the transportation system can become more accommodating and respectful toward PWDs, thereby reducing social exclusion and improving their mobility. This paper contributes to the growing body of literature on disability inclusion and provides actionable strategies for policymakers, transport providers, and disability organizations to work together in creating a more accessible public transportation system. Future research should investigate the practical application of this framework and its potential to drive policy changes that benefit PWDs across Malaysia.

Destination Quality and Tourist Loyalty: The Role of Destination Value as Mediating Variable

This research analyzes the influence of destination quality and destination value on tourist loyalty in the city of Bandung, Indonesia, and tests whether destination value mediates the relationship between destination quality and tourist loyalty. The type of research chosen is quantitative with a descriptive verification approach using SEM PLS. The population for this research is domestic tourists in the city of Bandung. From the analysis of 196 respondents, the majority were women, aged 18-25 years, and had a high school education. The results show a high assessment of the quality of eating places and the level of tourist loyalty. Public transportation accessibility received a low rating, and the lowest average score on the Time Value Variable. Hypothesis analysis shows a positive and significant influence between destination quality and tourist loyalty. Apart from that, there is a positive and significant influence between destination quality and destination value, and between destination value and tourist loyalty. The findings show that destination value mediates the relationship between destination quality and tourist loyalty, emphasizing the importance of strengthening destination value elements to increase tourist loyalty in Bandung City. Keywords: destination quality, destination value, tourist loyalty, urban tourism, city branding

Towards more accessible digital urban public transport for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a critical incident analysis (CIT)

PurposeThis study empirically and comparatively examines two digital technologies that have been implemented as part of the experience of urban public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Barcelona, the digitization of tickets and self-service technology in kiosks in the different operators of the metropolitan transport authority (ATM) environment. The study gives a voice to people with ASD and makes a theoretical and practical contribution to making urban transport increasingly digitized after the COVID-19 pandemic, more accessible and inclusive for the group, little observed so far.Design/methodology/approachThe data collection consisted of a discussion group, ethnographic techniques and a visit to the Barcelona Metro (2022), and interviews after the visit through a semi-structured questionnaire with 12 participants with ASD. This study uses the critical incident analysis (CIT).FindingsResults provide an extension of the attribute-based Dabholkar model (1996) that applies to the perception of the use of self-service technology, when using digital technologies in urban transport.Originality/valueThis redefinition of the current model of the perception of the use of technology, taking into account the needs of people with ASD, will enable better decision making by transport operators for previously neglected groups.

An enhanced transit accessibility evaluation framework by integrating Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) and transit gap

Rapid urbanization has presented many challenges, notably spatial imbalances between the transit supply and demand within cities. The inequitable distribution of transit supply, which include the transit infrastructure and services, may lead to formation of areas where transit is under provisioned. This work aims to develop an enhanced framework for measuring spatial disparities in accessing transit systems by combining established concepts of Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) and transit gap. The proposed framework incorporates PTAL as a supply indicator and transit dependent population as the demand indicator while estimating the transit gap. PTAL takes into account the intricate relationship between transit infrastructure and transit services, an aspect that was overlooked by the previous studies on transit gap. Inclusion of PTAL enhances the transit gap evaluation method by offering a deeper understanding and a holistic perspective on the transit system. We demonstrate the proposed approach with an application in Singapore. Additionally, we propose a new classification system based on PTAL and transit gap to distinguish areas where high transit gap is a result of very high demand rather than poor supply. Results show that 44.82 % of the transit dependent population in Singapore lives in high transit gap area out of which 4.69 % population stays in transit desert zones, where supply is poor, and 40.13 % lives in transit stressed zone, where demand is very high. The study also developed a simple decision framework based on PTAL and transit gap scores to suggest effective policy measures for reducing the spatial disparity in transit system accessibility. The findings from the work can aid policymakers and transport planners in land-use and transport planning of cities.

Key Factors of Urban Public Transportation Services Implementation in Indonesia: A Knowledge Management Perspectives

It is well-recognized that the availability of public transportation has a significant impact on urban transportation networks. In Indonesia, the government is still having difficulties to establish a reliable public transportation system. One important aspect that can be utilized in establishing a reliable public transportation system is to utilize knowledge management in its services. This study aims to identify key factors from knowledge management perspectives related to the implementation of public transportation services. To achieve this objective, this study conducted qualitative research on 12 users of public transportation services in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that there are several key factors related to the implementation of public transportation services from knowledge management perspectives, such as Real-Time Information, Digital Accessibility, User Engagement and Trust, Platform Functionality and Quality, Digital Inclusive Strategy, Knowledge Dissemination Method, Help Desk Reliability, and Knowledgeable Officer.

POLICY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART MOBILITY IN THE SOUTH TANGERANG CITY, INDONESIA BASED ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION USING THE PROMETHEE METHOD

The increase in population density and mobility in certain urban areas has underscored the need for a smart mobility concept. As a component of the broader smart city framework, smart mobility aims to enhance transportation services, making them more accessible, safe, comfortable, efficient, and affordable for the public. This research assesses the readiness for implementing public transportation-based smart mobility in South Tangerang and develops a policy strategy model for its transportation planning and development. The study employed a mixed-method approach, incorporating multivariate analysis and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. The findings reveal that South Tangerang is currently unprepared to implement smart mobility, as indicated by low scores on its assessment indicators. Recommended policies include improving the availability, security, and comfort of public transportation, reorganizing transit routes, providing real-time information access, adjusting schedules, and promoting bicycle use by adding bicycle lanes. This research highlights the current state of transportation systems in developing countries and emphasizes the importance of implementing policies that benefit a wide segment of the population.

Home, but Homebound After Traumatic Brain Injury: Risk Factors and Associations With Nursing Home Entry and Death

ObjectiveTo examine risk factors associated with homeboundness 1-year after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to explore associations between homebound status and risk of future mortality and nursing home entry. DesignSecondary analysis of a longitudinal prospective cohort study. SettingTBI Model Systems centers. ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling TBI Model Systems participants (n=6595) who sustained moderate-to-severe TBI between 2006 and 2016, and resided in a private residence 1-year postinjury. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresHomebound status (leaving home ≤1-2d per week), 5-year mortality, and 2- or 5-year nursing home entry. ResultsIn our sample, 14.2% of individuals were homebound 1-year postinjury, including 2% who never left home. Older age, having less than a bachelor's degree, Medicaid insurance, living in the Northeast or Midwest, dependence on others or special services for transportation, unemployment or retirement, and needing assistance for locomotion, bladder management, and social interactions at 1-year postinjury were associated with being homebound. After adjustment for potential confounders and an inverse probability weight for nonrandom attrition bias, being homebound was associated with a 1.69-times (95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.11) greater risk of 5-year mortality, and a nonsignificant but trending association with nursing home entry by 5 years postinjury (RR=1.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-3.87). Associations between homeboundness and mortality were consistent by age subgroup (±65y). ConclusionsThe negative long-term health outcomes among persons with TBI who rarely leave home warrants the need to re-evaluate home discharge as unequivocally positive. The identified risk factors for homebound status, and its associated negative long-term outcomes, should be considered when preparing patients and their families for discharge from acute and postacute rehabilitation care settings. Addressing modifiable risk factors for homeboundness, such as accessible public transportation options and home care to address mobility, could be targets for individual referrals and policy intervention.

The relationship between accessibility and land prices: A focus on accessibility to transit in the 15-min city

In the context of local residents’ travel activities, access to transportation facilities is crucial and a key factor in achieving the goals of a 15-min city. However, current research on accessibility and land prices seldom fully considers the exploration of the relationship between the two using machine learning models. In this study, we conduct an analysis based on land price and accessibility in Beijing. Firstly, factors such as accessibility, population density, land use types, the number of Points of Interest (POI), and housing prices are selected as independent variables for the model, with land price as the dependent variable. Secondly, the CatBoost model is employed to investigate the complex relationship between accessibility to transit and land prices. Finally, the study introduces the XGBoost model and the ordinary least squares (OLS) method for comparison, validating the effectiveness of the CatBoost model in studying the complex relationship between accessibility and land prices through the comparison of model performance evaluation metrics. A clear nonlinear relationship exists between public transportation accessibility and land prices. Accessibility to bus within a 15-min bicycle is positively associated with land price; its trend shows a sharp increase followed by a gradual increase, and then another sharp increase. Accessibility to metro within the multistage distance threshold walk has a roughly positive association with land price within a certain range. While accessibility to bus within a 15-min walk and accessibility to bus within the multistage distance threshold walk have a negative association with land price. The nonlinear patterns between the four accessibility variables and land prices differ and exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. Both housing prices and population density positively correlate with land prices. Housing prices sharply increase, then gradually, while population density gradually rises, then sharply. This paper explores the relationship between the two, reinforcing research on the mutual influence of public transportation facilities and surrounding environmental elements. It provides a theoretical basis for promoting transit-oriented development (TOD) and city planning.

Characteristics and Effects of the Last Kilometre of the Tourist City from the Dynamic and Static Perspectives

The accessibility of the “last kilometre” of a tourist city has a profound impact on the travelling experience of tourists. In-depth understanding of the characteristics and spatial effects of the “last-kilometre” traffic accessibility in tourist cities is conducive to further enhancing the accessibility of traffic travel and forming a new industry development pattern of deep integration of traffic and tourism. The results show that: (1) Private transport accessibility is significantly better than public transport accessibility, and the strong economic strength of large cities such as Peking, Shanghai, and Nanjing support a wider coverage of public transport compared with cities such as Qinhuangdao, Dalian, Ningbo, etc. Even for the middle-income and high-income groups of the large cities, the advantage of the broader travelling cost of public transport is still significant. (2) The average values of the fluctuation coefficients of travel time of public transport in tourist cities are all smaller than those of private transport, and public transport is less sensitive to traffic congestion, making it a more reliable choice for tourist travel. The higher number of public transport grids with more anomalous fluctuations and much larger fluctuations than private transport grids suggests that there is an urgent need to strengthen the standardisation of public transport services in the corresponding areas. (3) Urban tourism development has been moving from single-line to network development, and the impact of urban transport on urban–regional tourism development has been manifested in the place fission effect, corridor diffusion effect, and regional equilibrium effect. In general, our findings have been useful in understanding the accessibility characteristics of the “last kilometre” in tourist cities, optimizing the efficiency of inter-regional and intra-city transport connections, constructing a fast and convenient travel transport system, improving the accessibility of transport trips, and forming a new development pattern for the deep integration of transport and tourism.

Exploring the factors hindering the intention to adopt sustainable transportation options in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: using structural equation modeling

With poor transportation infrastructure and increased reliance on motorization, fast-growing cities in the Global South that are experiencing rapid urbanization have received less attention in terms of sustainable transportation research. In this regard, it is imperative to support active mobility and public transit that help to reduce vehicle emissions, traffic congestion, road fatalities, and energy depletion while supporting public health, robust economies, and social equity. However, in the emerging cities context, the adoption of sustainable transportation options are constrained by various factors. This study aims to explore the key factors hindering the adoption of sustainable transportation options in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To do so, travel survey data were gathered from 720 households using stratified sampling and analyzed using factor analysis. The results from factor analysis indicated five groups of factors hindering residents’ intention to adopt sustainable transportation options, including (1) infrastructure condition, (2) modal characteristics, (3) land use pattern, (4) policy framework, and (5) technology-related factors. The confirmatory factor analysis also depicts the five latent factors and the contributions of observed variables that are statistically significant (p < 0.01). More specifically, observed variables such as (i) inadequate pedestrian facilities, (ii) lack of bike facilities, (iii) poor public transit facilities, (iv) limited availability of reliable public transport, (v) long wait times, (vi) high public transport fare, (vii) discomfort, (viii) safety and security issues are the most significant factors. Another set of factors includes (ix) walking distance, (x) dispersed land use pattern, (xi) poor land use mix, (xii) inadequate policy support, and (xiii) lack of real-time information. Furthermore, the intention to adopt sustainable modes of transportation is influenced by socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, age, educational status, income, family size, and car ownership. The result contributes to the existing literature by providing insight into adopting sustainable transportation modes in emerging cities like Addis Ababa, which are characterized by several urban transportation challenges.

Green commuting within the x-minute city: Towards a systematic evaluation of its feasibility

In cities, carbon emissions associated with commuting transport is large and significant. This study integrates data about the jobs-housing relationship, road network configurations, public transport availability, and real-time traffic conditions during peak hours to evaluate the commuting feasibility and performance of green travel modes (walking, cycling and public transport) and explore the potential determining factors. In the context of the x-minute city, the green travel commuting feasibility (GTCF) indicator measures the percentage of the working population who can commute via green travel modes within specific x-minute thresholds. 15, 30, 45 and 60 min have been considered. In comparison, the car travel commuting feasibility (CTCF) indicator is developed to evaluate the corresponding commuting performance by car. Nanshan district of Shenzhen in China is taken as a case study. Results show that distinct gaps exist between GTCF and CTCF. Public transport performs well only for long-distance (> 8 km) commuting trips, and cycling does well for short (< 3 km) and medium-distance trips. Geographically, areas with large differences of GTCF and CTCF are identified for improving green travel modes with priority. Potential factors influencing GTCF are explored with a regression model and case-based analysis. Smaller street blocks, bus route realignment and better jobs-housing balance should be targeted. Designing cycling short-cuts and public transport routes that avoid traffic jams are also recommended to promote green commuting. The findings demonstrate that real-time trip-planning information is of great value in evaluating the commuting feasibility of multimodal travel and identifying influential factors for achieving the x-minute city.

Implementation of smart mobility and relationship with transportation planning and regional development: A case study of South Tangerang city

Urbanization and suburbanization have led to high population growth in certain city regions, resulting in increased population density and mobility. Therefore, there is a need for a concept to address congestion, public transportation, information and communication systems, and non-motorized vehicles. Smart mobility is a concept of urban development as part of the smart city concept based on information and communication technology. Through this concept, it is expected that transportation services will be easily accessible, safe, comfortable, fast, and affordable for the community. This research aims to analyze smart mobility and its relationship with regional transportation planning and the development of South Tangerang, as well as to design a policy strategy model for the planning and development of South Tangerang with smart mobility. The research method used in this study is a mixed method, including analyzing the relationships and weighting of relationships between variables using the Cross Impact Multiplication applied to a classification (MICMAC) matrix. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with Promethee software is also used to obtain the necessary policies. The results of this research indicate that the measurement of relationships between variables shows that smart mobility influences regional transportation planning, smart mobility affects regional development, and regional planning affects regional development. This research also provides alternative policies that policymakers should implement in a specific order. First, ensure the availability of public transportation; second, improve public transportation safety; third, enhance public transportation security; fourth, improve public transportation routes; fifth, provide real-time information access; sixth, improve transportation schedules; and seventh, increase the number of bicycle lanes.

Composite Accessibility Index: A Novel and Holistic Measure for Evaluating Transit Accessibility

The accessibility of public transport is a vital factor for the overall success of transit operations. It determines whether people choose to use and rely on public transport by assessing the ease of accessing opportunities. Accessibility, as a measure of the system’s performance, encompasses various travel segments and can be evaluated from different perspectives. Evaluating transit accessibility in data-constrained environments, particularly in developing countries, requires an optimal framework. The present study proposed a framework by modifying available accessibility measurement indices and trying to encompass all affecting variables in a single composite index. The integrated transit system comprising the bus rapid transit system and city bus in Surat city, India, is selected to demonstrate the proposed framework. The results of the ranked-based correlation coefficient test exhibit the comprehensive assessment capabilities of the proposed composite index in evaluating transit performance. Surat city’s transit network shows better coverage based on the gravity model theory, that is, moderate performance in local coverage offered capacity per population. However, it exhibits poor accessibility with respect to reaching destinations, resulting in below-average transit accessibility. Except for the city center and eastern part, 65% of the city area experiences inadequate accessibility of public transport. These findings align with the city’s low transit mode share of 2.5% and stagnant daily ridership of 0.25–0.28 million passengers in the last half decade. The composite index map serves as a planning tool for optimizing the utilization of available resources and guiding future policy implementations.

The affects and emotions of everyday commutes in Kolkata: shaping women’s public transport mobility

Public transport inherently involves encounters with other people. For women, negotiating everyday overcrowded, unsafe, and unreliable conditions is a major barrier to accessing public transport mobility that triggers emotions. Using qualitative research methods – in-depth interviews and visual surveys – this study delves beyond understanding the barriers and looks at the affective realm to comprehend how affects and emotions shape accessibility, acceptability, and affordability of public transport for women in Kolkata. The disruptive affects of overcrowded, unsafe, and unreliable conditions produce emotional ordeals, increase travel time and costs, and restrict mobility. The sense of despair that emerges compels women to adjust, accept, and even opt out of overcrowded, unsafe, and unreliable public transport more often than not. This paper argues that affects, emotions, reactions, and consequences are entangled and impact the accessibility, acceptability, and affordability of public transport. The contribution of this paper lies in bringing to the fore the need for feminist inquiries into gendered mobility inequalities and the role of affects and emotions therein.

Analysis of Decarbonization Potential in Mobility Sector with High Spatial Resolution: Study Case of the Metropolitan Area of Valencia (Spain)

This study addresses the urgent need for sustainable urban mobility through a comprehensive analysis of decarbonization potential in the metropolitan area of Valencia, Spain. The research is motivated by the imperative to mitigate climate change amidst high traffic and congestion levels. Utilizing the Origin–Destination matrix from the Valencian community’s mobility plan, the study prioritizes displacements for substitution by sustainable alternatives. Through a detailed case study analysis, critical areas for decarbonization are identified, and practical strategies to reduce carbon emissions are proposed. The methodology encompasses a thorough literature review on decarbonization measures, examination of existing plans, and analysis of sustainable trips with high spatial resolution using geographic information systems (GISs). The study identifies trips with significant decarbonization potential and assesses the current public transportation network. Spatial analyses illustrate demand patterns for sustainable transport options, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies. Key findings highlight the role of private and commercial transport in CO2 emissions, advocating for targeted interventions to enhance active transport infrastructure, promote carpooling, adopt low-emission vehicles, and improve public transport accessibility and efficiency.

Disparities in public transport accessibility in London from 2011 to 2021

Addressing urban inequalities has become a pressing concern on both the global sustainable development agenda and for local policy. Improving public transport services is seen as an important area where local governments can exert influence and potentially help reduce inequalities. Existing measures of accessibility used to inform decision-making for public transport infrastructure in London show spatial disparities, yet there is a gap in understanding how these disparities vary across demographic groups and how they evolve over time—whether they are improving or worsening. In this study, we investigate the distribution of public transport accessibility based on ethnicity and income deprivation in London over the past decade. We used data from the Census 2011 and 2021 for area-level ethnicity characteristics, English Indices of Deprivation for income deprivation in 2011 and 2019, and public transport accessibility metrics from Transport for London for 2010 and 2023, all at the small area level using lower super output areas (LSOAs) in Greater London. We found that, on average, public transport accessibility in London has increased over the past decade, with 78% of LSOAs experiencing improvements. Public transport accessibility in London showed an unequal distribution in cross-sectional analyses. Lower income neighbourhoods had poorer accessibility to public transportation in 2011 and 2023 after controlling for car-ownership and population density. These disparities were particularly pronounced for underground accessibility. Temporal analyses revealed that existing inequalities with respect to income deprivation and ethnicity are generally not improving. While wealthier groups benefited most from London Underground service improvements; lower income groups benefited more from bus service improvements. We also found that car ownership levels declined in areas with substantial increases to public transport accessibility and major housing developments, but not in those with moderate improvements.

Urban transport during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of Poland

AbstractOngoing improvement in the quality of public transport calms and slows road traffic while causing desirable changes in the transport behaviours of residents and the urban structure of city centres. These efforts were thwarted by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a significant decrease in public transport ridership. Its scope varied with the passage of time and with the dynamics of the pandemic itself, which were significantly different for individual cities. This article undertakes an analysis of these changes in Poland and identifies factors describing public transport accessibility that may influence them. The novelty of this article is examining the correlation of changes in public transport ridership in 17 Polish cities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic with the presented range of factors and conducted longitudinal studies. A multiple regression analysis was made possible by collecting data describing various aspects of public transport and populations. The introduction of remote work and learning also had a noticeable impact in public transport ridership during this period. In some sectors and fields, they have proven to be at least as efficient, but less expensive than their traditional forms, which suggests that they may have an impact on reducing the public transport ridership after the end of the pandemic.

The Relation between Flow Map Analysis and Residential Density Conditions in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta

The government of Sleman Regency has been seriously implementing the Smart Living concept under the Smart Regency idea. It is demonstrated by the achievements of the Transport Service Improvement Program in the form of developing type C terminal facilities, creating a transport licensing management information system, and data collection on public transport, types, number of modes, routes and route mapping. However, the affordability and availability of public transportation access in all government facilities (such as hospitals, schools and offices) as well as the integration of routes has not yet been fully realized. In order to support the identification of problems in the implementation of routes that should be integrated with residential areas, this research describe the relation between flow map analysis and residential density condition in Sleman Regency based on data respondent who has been living in Sleman Regency. The analysis was conducted by using quantitative method, especially using the ArcGIS as the analysis tool. Research data were collected through interviews, questionnaire distribution, observation which distribute all over the regency. The results showed that the current form of movement patterns originates from residential area that have high density (in terms of population), but not all of them are served by the existing transport public routes. The mapping results showed that although the majority of movement patterns are still operating in main service areas such as in the Yogyakarta Urban Area, however, there are still many areas that are not yet served, such as Kapanewon Moyudan, Minggir, Seyegan, Tempel, Turi, even Sleman as the administrative capital of Sleman Regency.