Public Traffic System Research Articles

Recognizing Critical Stations in Urban Rail Transit Networks Based on the PCA‐TPE Method: Shanghai Metro as an Example

The identification of core stations in urban rail transit (URT) networks remains a vital issue in network structure organization analysis and an integral part of network reliability evaluation. However, the identification of critical stations with a single centrality metric has limitations and the varying interactions between stations cannot be ignored. In this paper, a novel integrated approach is proposed by using the principal component analysis and topological potential considering entropy (PCA‐TPE) method. Taking the Shanghai metro (SHM) network as a case study, a Space L network model is constructed and the network topology characteristics are analyzed. Moreover, the susceptible‐infected (SI) model and the network failure simulation are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the SHM network exhibits characteristics of both small‐world networks and scale‐free networks. According to the experiments of the SI model, the nodes obtained by the PCA‐TPE method have stronger spreading influence than those derived by other methods, especially in the initial stage. The failure simulations illustrate that attacks against the nodes detected by the PCA‐TPE method will lead to devastating network failures. Hence, the proposed method is effective for identifying critical nodes in URT networks, and the findings of the research can provide theoretical evidence for the development planning and emergency management of the public traffic system.

Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Logistic Traffic Management System Using Empirical Intelligent XGBoost Technique in Vehicular Edge Networks

Recent advancements in computation and communication technologies and the increasing adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have paved the way to tremendous developments in modern transportation systems. Driven by the massive number of connected vehicles and the stringent requirements of the public traffic management system, the transportation of data to and from the centralized cloud servers poses a great challenge. As a result, to meet the computational requirements and handle the massive amount of sensory data efficiently, the potential solution is to process/analyze the data at the edge of the network. Motivated by the challenges mentioned above, in this paper, we design a new empirically intelligent XGboost (EIXGB)-enabled logistic transportation system at the edge network for analyzing the data efficiently. Besides that, the proposed EIXGB technique intends to obtain real-time results based on the monitoring parameters of the public traffic management system with higher accuracy and minimum error. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed EIXGB technique over the standard machine learning techniques using a set of parameters. The proposed technique achieves 87-97% accuracy over the different sets of features of a real-time dataset as per the simulation results.

GA-ARIMA Model-Based Analysis of Arrival time at Bus Stop

Background With the ever-changing urban development and a growing number of vehicles, the road congestion problem has become a hotspot issue at present. As an important constituent part of road traffic system, public traffic system has become an effective force relieving the traffic congestion problem. Objective To explore how to better reduce the prediction error of arrival time at bus stop on basis of actual GPS bus data. Method The arrival time at bus stop was analyzed based on GPS data, a time series optimization model based on genetic algorithm was established, followed by the prediction error analysis of arrival time at bus stop. Result The prediction result of GA-ARIMA model is superior to that of the traditional time series model, which indicates the effectiveness of this model.

Evolution trend analysis of urban residents’ low-carbon travel development based on multidimensional game theory

In the travel process of urban residents, travelers will take a series of activities such as imitation and exclusion by observing other people’s travel modes, which affects their following trips. This process can be seen as a repeated game between members of the travelers. Based on the analysis of this game and its evolution trend, a multi-dimensional game model of low-carbon travel for residents is established. The two dimensional game strategies include whether to accept the low-carbon concept and whether to choose low-carbon travel. Combined with evolutionary game theory, the low-carbon travel choices of residents in different cities are simulated, and the evolutionary stability strategies are obtained. Finally, the influences of the main parameters of the model on the evolution process and stability strategies are discussed. The results show that travelers would develop towards two trends. Cities with more developed public traffic system have a higher proportion of receiving low-carbon concept and choosing low-carbon travel. Cities with underdeveloped public transport system could increase this proportion by some measures such as encouraging residents to choose slow transport and increasing the propaganda of low-carbon travel, but the positive effects of the measures like propaganda have a limited impact on the proportion.

Multi-Task oriented data diffusion and transmission paradigm in crowdsensing based on city public traffic

As mobile smart devices become increasingly popular and are equipped with increasingly powerful sensors, they have been pervasively applied in crowdsensing as effective tools to solve large-scale sensing tasks in urban areas. Task requesters can allocate sensing tasks to mobile nodes through a crowdsensing platform, eliminating the cost of deploying and maintaining large numbers of fixed sensors. However, several kinds of crowdsensing tasks (e.g., audio and video transmission) that generate large-scale sensed data may bring high network traffic costs to participants using a 3G/4G network, which may affect their satisfaction. In this paper, we build a data diffusion and transmission paradigm in crowdsensing based on City Public Traffic System (PTS), and thoroughly discuss a paradigm for Multi-Task diffusion and transmission within budget constraints. This paradigm makes full use of the advantages of a bus in PTS to realize the rapid transmission of large-scale sensed data: predictable trajectory, wide coverage area, fast moving speed and long contact duration among passengers. Further, we also propose a new data transmission algorithm called BUI-BA that chooses mobile nodes to transfer data by maximizing the transmission utility increment. The experimental results demonstrate that BUI-BA has better overall performance than widely used Greedy and effSense, achieving a tradeoff between overall transmission utility and transmission redundancy.

Evaluation Method of Public Transportation System Based on Fuzzy Cloud Model

This article describes how the public traffic system evaluation is an important measure to strengthen the management of urban transportation. Many scholars have evaluated the public transportation system, but lack research on different index weights of it. In past models, although the fuzzy assessment method was integrated into an evaluation methodology, its randomness was reflected unclearly. To solve the problems, a fuzzy evaluation of a cloud model is researched. Firstly, the corresponding weights of all indexes are calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a clustering method. Then, the principal component of the indexes is extracted by the principal component analysis. According to the distribution of a principal component and processed with the cloud model, a subordinate degree function was established. Finally, scoring cities by combining the principal component weight and membership cloud matrix and evaluating the public transportation system. Comparing the matter-element analysis and the AHP gray model method, this proposed model in this article can evaluate the performance of different urban traffic systems more practically.

Internet of Things network cognition and traffic management system

In a world of ever increasing technological diversity and an advancing ‘Internet of Things’ (IoTs), business landscapes are changing. New conditions alter the way in which competence resources are regarded and how they need to be managed in order for organizations to sustain as successful actors in a knowledge economy. Information technology play an important role in this new setting, including network management systems for handling information concerning competence resources. This research focus on smart IoTs traffic management system, which is advertised by minimal cost, long scalability, great compatibility, easy to promote, to replace conventional traffic management system and the proposed approach can develop public road traffic enormously. The aim of this research proposed to develop an IoT public traffic adaptive detection system and proficient of supposing the travel time associated with each street sector based on the traffic information streamlined every 18 s, which sequentially finds the path with the minimal travel time in the traffic network by using a dynamic procedure.

Occupational exposure assessment of phthalate esters in indoor and outdoor microenvironments

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers in consumer products. PAEs are a group of environmental hormone which disrupts human and animals' endocrine systems. Different occupational groups are exposed to various levels of PAEs. In the present study, four typical occupational groups were chosen, including doctors, college teachers, college students, and drivers who worked in public traffic system. In order to understand the exposure levels to PAEs via inhalation, air samples were collected from multiple microenvironments including indoor and outdoor in Hangzhou to measure the gas and particle concentrations of six PAEs, together with time spent in different microenvironments of these four groups. A comprehensive PAEs exposure model was built to estimate the daily PAEs exposure through inhalation, oral and dermal pathways. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that doctors were exposed to the highest level of PAEs, and consequently had the highest health risk among these four occupational groups. In contrast, college students had the lowest health risk. By setting the exposure level of staying in residences as the baseline, doctors and drivers were two occupations exposed to high PAEs health risk. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the largest contributor among the six phthalates, posing moderate health risk (10−5–10−6) to every occupation. For traffic microenvironments alone, the total exposure levels for different transportation modes were in the descending order of busses, cars, cabs, tubes, motor bikes, and walking.

Analysis on Passenger Distribution Based on Precise Comprehensive Traffic System

Building a comprehensive traffic system is a new pattern and also a necessary choice of China’s traffic development. Based on the background of urban mass construction of rail transit, this paper takes the hidden danger of traffic system as a breakthrough point, focusing on secure guarantee measures, and come up with an idea that we should take the coordination and cooperation between road transit and rail transit as well as internal system of rail transit in the public traffic system as a breakthrough, and build a precise urban comprehensive traffic system. The author has also done a quantitative research on scale of passenger flow which is influenced by operation failures in rail transit network, which is regarded as a key problem of precise comprehensive traffic system.

Residential Differentiation Research in Guangzhou

The article first analyzed the residential space changes in the last 50 years in Guangzhou, and combined with housing prices, social classes, population density on the spatial distribution, the result shows that residential differentiation (RD) has formed in Guangzhou. Then analyzed the causes of RD, it include public service facilities, traffic system, city environment and land use policy. RD brought some negative effects, in response to sustainable development, draw up some strategies about development control policy, urban planning and architectural design.

北京市公共自行车租赁系统满意度研究——基于北京市朝阳区数据

利用自行车在短途交通方面的优势，将公共自行车纳入公共交通体系，作为城市公共交通(轨道交通、公交)的延续，形成“公共自行车 ＋ 公共交通 ＋ 公共自行车”的出行模式，解决居民公交出行(尤其是轨道交通出行)接驳问题，加大城市公共交通吸引力，扩大公共交通服务范围，倡导绿色出行方式。公共自行车租赁系统极大地方便了人们的出行，解决了市民出行的“最后一公里”问题。但是，在自行车租赁系统运行初期，由于经验的缺乏，在租赁点的设置和自行车的调度以及整个系统的进一步完善还需作出不断的努力。根据问卷数据可知，北京市公共自行车服务总体满意度为58%，可见市民对公共自行车服务满意度一般，系统服务质量仍需进一步提高。通过对满意度调查结果的因子分析，可知我们需着重改善的是：重要但绩效表现欠佳的要素，即车况质量、租车可得性、服务网点布局与数量。 Taking the advantage of bicycles in short-distance transport and putting public bicycles into public traffic system will become an important city public means of transport, which will form a travel mode as “public bicycle + public transport + public bicycle”. It can solve the problem of residents’ transit connection, increase the urban public attraction and enlarge the scope of public transport service. All of the above will lead to a greener way of travel. Public bicycle system is convenient for people’s travel, which solves the problem of residents’ “the last kilometer”. However, at the beginning of the system’s running, due to the lack of experience, we need to further strengthen the settlement of bicycles and make more efforts to the perfection of the whole system. According to the questionnaire survey, the satisfaction rate of the public bicycle service in Beijing was only 58% by then. The residents’ satisfaction of the public system is still on a low level. Therefore the public bicycle system still need further improving in service. Through factor analysis of the satisfaction, we know that the quality of the bicycles, the availability of bicycles and the settlement of service spots are the top three important factors of satisfaction that need to be improved; enhancing them will make an obvious improvement to the public bicycle system.

Present Assessment of Public Traffic System Based on GIS in Kitakyushu

With increasing of serious environment problems and the coming of the aging society, new traffic systems should be urgently rebuilt. It is necessary to evaluate the traffic service level by utilizing new technique and tool. This paper takes Kitakyushu city as case study to carry out an evaluation of urban traffic system. The concept of accessibility and mobility is used to evaluate the present condition of existing public traffic system based on GIS technology, and then establishment of new route is discussed according to the evaluation results. Additionally, this paper established GIS database and illustrated the relationship between the public traffic and population density. The regions without enough existing traffic were identified. Moreover, the essential terms and considerations were put forward to simulate a new route of public traffic line.

Evaluation on Public Bicycle Traffic System

First, the public bicycle traffic evaluation index system is established by six indicators measured, including system characteristics, environmental pollution and service levels. Further, the function models are established. Last, comparing comprehensive evaluation index value of bicycle, bus and motor vehicle three traffic kinds of transportation by a case, the result shows that public bicycle traffic has an absolute advantage among them within 3 kilometers.

IPCC 가이드라인을 이용한 국내 철도수송에 따른 온실가스 배출량 산정에 관한 연구

최근 선진국을 중심으로 2020년 이후의 신 기후변화체제에 대한 합의가 도출되면서 정부의 온실가스 저감정책은 구체적인 성과를 확보하기 위한 방향으로 빠르게 전환되고 있다. 특히 부문별 온실가스 감축목표 할당에 따라 수송부문의 저감방안은 고효율 에너지 소비 차량의 개발도 필요하지만 기존의 대중교통체계에서 저탄소 교통수단인 철도의 역할을 강조하고 있다. 따라서 향후 지속적으로 철도수송에 따른 온실가스 배출량을 관리하기 위해서는 체계적인 산정방법의 정립이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 작성을 위한 2006 IPCC 가이드라인을 토대로 철도수송의 온실가스 배출원에 따라 Tier별 배출량 산정방법을 정의하였다. 또한 최근 3년(2008-2010) 동안의 철도수송에 따른 디젤 및 전력소비량을 기반으로 활동도 자료를 수집하여 Tier 1 수준에서의 온실가스 배출경향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 2010년 온실가스 총 배출량은 약 206만톤 <TEX>$CO_2e$</TEX>이었으며, 이 중 전력소비량이 73%를 차지하고, 디젤연료 소비량이 27%를 기여하였다. 향후 철도수송의 온실가스 저감방안을 도출하기 위해서는 다양한 운행패턴 인자를 반영한 Tier 3 수준의 배출량 산정 관리를 토대로 보다 세부적인 배출경향에 대한 파악이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 무엇보다 배출계수의 개발이 선행되어야 할 것이다. Recently, new climate change mechanism after 2020 year has been accepted with the parties, and so government is pushing ahead the GHG reduction policies to achieve the effective results. Especially, it is essential to enhance the role of railroad in the public traffic system as well as to develop new cars with high energy efficiency for the GHG reduction of transportation sector. Thus, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad should be established to manage the emission continuously. In this study, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad was defined with Tier level considering its emission sources to refer to 2006 IPCC guideline for national GHG inventories. Also, the GHG emission of railroad at Tier 1 level was investigated using the activity data related to the amount of diesel and electricity consumption from 2008 to 2010. As a result, total GHG emission in 2010 was about 2,060 thousands ton CO2e, which have 73% of electricity and 27% of diesel. In future, the plans on the GHG reduction of railroad will be accomplished by the analysis of the detailed trends on the basis of the emission management of Tier 3 level under operating patterns. Therefore, it is important to develop the specific GHG emission factors of railroad in advance.

Comprehensive Evaluation Method Study of University Town Ecological Physical Environment (UTEPE)

The premise that analyzing and studying the factors that effect university town ecological physical environment (UTEPE), UTEPE impact factors are the thermal environment, sound environment, light environment, eco-energy saving design. This paper establishes the evaluation method for UTEPE which is based on fuzzy math. We evaluate the quality of UTEPE comprehensively in this way. Renewable energy, nontraditional water source, green construction materials, water-saving appliances, energy-saving lamps, bicycle &amp; public traffic system are very important for creating good quality physical environment in university town. In this paper, according to the impact factors of the UTEPE and using the fuzzy mathematical theory on evaluating the UTEPE comprehensively can reflect the real situation more objectively and accurately. The construction of model is simple and practical. Comprehensive evaluation utilizes the combination of the general public survey and expert evaluation, which benefits to reflect the democratic spirit. It also provides the reference to improve the UTEPE.

대규모 택지개발지구내 신교통시스템 도입효과 분석

이 연구는 신도시 및 대규모 택지개발 지구내 신교통 시스템을 도입함으로써 예상되어지는 효과를 분석하고, 이에 대한 적용 가이드라인을 제시한 것이다. 이를 위해 각 신교통 시스템 및 유형별 복합카테고리를 설정하여 지역적 특성을 반영하고자 하였으며, 신교통 시스템 도입이 기존의 대중교통체계 및 간선도로를 대체함으로써 발생되어지는 사회적 편익을 산출하였다. 분석결과, 신교통시스템 도입은 교통혼잡비용 감소, 탄소저감, 각 지자체의 친환경적 정책 입안에 뚜렷하게 기여할 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 신교통시스템의 이러한 장점에도 불구하고 이 연구에서는 신교통시스템을 도입하고자 하는 지자체에서는 무엇보다도 지역여건에 부합하는 신교통 시스템 유형을 선별하는 것이 중요함을 강조하고 있다. 특히 지자체의 무분별한 신교통시스템 도입은 대규모 택지개발사업에 의한 분양가 상승으로 이어질 가능성이 매우 높기 때문이다. This study is evaluating that new hi-tech transit systems each type of function and introduce applicable guideline decreases land sale price in New town and Large scale land development projects. For this, use the look-up table through the composite category of each type of system at the functional types, local characteristics. It also, As introduce the new systems calculate the Social benefits such as altered public traffic transfer system, reduced transit time and reduced carbon emission considering the three-dimensional arterial roads. As a result, New transportation systems contribute that the more reducing traffic congestion and air pollution and municipalities seeks for environment-friendly policy. However, this paper emphasize that the new transportation system has been introduce without considering the characteristics of locality and the efficient arrangement of them, it cannot be transferred the to the existing public traffic efficiently, futhermore causes the sale price in new large scale land development projects.

Combined Model for Flow Assignment and Mode Split in Two-modes Traffic Network

In order to alleviate urban traffic problems such as congestion, air pollution, and shortage of fuel, it is necessary to develop public traffic system with priority. A fundamental requirement for bus priority policy is to develop transit flow assignment models in the multimode network. Travelers' choice behaviors, e.g., mode and route choice, are important in modeling transit network flows. This paper develops a combined model for modal split and flow assignment in two modes network to obtain the proportion of traffic demand shared by bus and private car while considering the interactions between these two modes. And then a heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model. At last, a numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the model and algorithm. The results show that the traffic demand of private cars will increase quickly in the congested network for the lower service level of buses.

A stress disorder epidemiologic study on a terrorist attack on the public traffic system

目的 探索公交系统遭受恐怖袭击对受害者、家属心理状态的影响.方法 在公交车爆炸事件后第20天和第44天对72人(其中受害者27人,家属26人,市民19人)进行了灾害自评量表(SRQ-20)、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)测评量表(PCL-17)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、应付方式量表(CSS)等调查.结果 受害者与家属的ASD(急性应激障碍)发生率分别为50%、12.50%;PTSD的发生率分别为33.33%、25%;女性PTSD的发生率(46%)与SAS、SDS的评分显著高于男性(16.7%);而市民中无一人符合DSM-IV的ASD或PTSD诊断标准;女性的PTSD总分及SAS、SDS的评分显著高于男性(P＜0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.01);烧伤的面积和深度与PTSD过度唤起评分正相关(r=0.589,P=0.016);受害者的应付方式与PTSD总分负相关(r=-0.523,P＜0.05);受害者的SAS、SDS、SRQ评分与PTSD总分显著相关(r=0.853,0.787,0.745,P＜0.01);年龄、受教育程度与PTSD总分无显著相关.结论 在公交系统受恐怖袭击的爆炸事件对受害者及其家属的心理状态造成显著的影响,女性受影响的比率、程度比男性更为显著;与PTSD高相关的因素为预防和减轻PTSD提示了可能的途径。

Conversation and research

Gordon Pask’s conversation theory was created in the 1970s. The theory encompasses a high‐level framework for studying interactions between actors in artificial situations where people co‐operate, have conflicts, follow rules, negotiate outcomes, invent new rules together, etc. Sadly, the theory is not well known. The authors claim that this is due to idiosyncratic use of terminology and radical departure from widespread research practices and accepted experimental procedures. It is argued that conversation theory furnishes a methodology for the creation and maintenance of social rule‐systems. The argument is illustrated with examples from the public (car) traffic system in The Netherlands.