Public Street Lighting System Research Articles

Smart Energy Public Street Lighting System

Public street lighting illuminates roadways for two, three, and four-wheeled vehicles. Most roads have street lighting for safety and aesthetics. The security feature improves nighttime driver sight. Motorists need appropriate illumination to reduce accidents and crime. Lighting design and placement affect the street’s and city’s nighttime attractiveness. Public street lighting lights utilize uncontrolled electricity, resulting in excessive expenditures. We need a design that effectively manages and uses electrical energy. The IoT-based Public Street Lighting system employing solar panels as battery chargers may be utilized for electrical energy planning. The ESP8266 module provides control, a Wi-Fi module provides Wi-Fi, the relay module provides an electric switch to turn on or off public street lighting lights using the intelligent energy public street lighting application, and solar panels charge the batteries. The system has LDR sensor monitoring, ultrasonic sensors, and a Nodemcu ESP8266 microprocessor. The light sensor module detects light intensity. The Smart Energy, Public Street Lighting app lets officers monitor the process in real time. This program will monitor public street lighting and analyze and graph the data.

Planning And Evaluation of Technological System Development in Public Street Lighting to Support Sustainable Development of The Integrated City of Batam

Developing a smart public street lighting system involves the integration of advanced technologies to improve energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, enhance safety, and enable intelligent functionalities. This research discusses the planning and evaluation of the development of a smart public street lighting system in the Batam City area with the aim of increasing the sustainability of the smart city. The research method used is a case study to gain an in-depth understanding of existing lighting systems and involve relevant stakeholders, such as local governments, technical experts and local communities. The evaluation results show that the development of a smart public street lighting system has a positive impact on the sustainability of smart cities, increasing energy efficiency, safety and community participation. The integration of local wisdom and maritime aspects in planning intelligent public street lighting systems also makes an important contribution to the identity and sustainability of Batam City. This research recommendations for further development, strengthening local wisdom, collaboration and partnerships with the private sector, as well as expanding implementation to other regions.

DESAIN SOLAR TREE UNTUK PENERANGAN JALAN UMUM DI JALAN BYPASS NGURAH RAI BALI

The road is a public facility that is quite important for the community in connecting access between regions. Public street lighting (PJU) is part of the road's complementary infrastructure which can be installed on the right or left of the road section or in the middle (on the road divider). LED is a type of lamp that is often used in PJU throughout Indonesia. In this study, solar trees are designed as a source of environmentally friendly electrical energy which will be added ongrid to the public street lighting system (PJU). This study aims to analyze the selection of the type of lamp, the capacity used and the design to be used on the Ngurah Rai Bypass Road. The location chosen from the planned Solar Tree installation is the Ngurah Rai Bypass Road for street lighting. This is intended as an application for the utilization of renewable energy, and to find out what percentage of savings is generated. The results of the tests in this study produce calculations based on the kWh meter on the Ngurah Rai Bypass Road using a solar panel of the Mono Full Screen type DHM-54X10/FS 390~420W with a maximum power of 420 watts, resulting in: First, the solar tree uses four panels with a maximum power of 1680 watts. second, the design of solar tree poles that are adequate to the conditions on the Ngurah Rai Bypass Road, namely the "Tedung" and "Kayon" shapes which will contain four panels on each pole. Third, the savings obtained from using this Solar Tree are 18.69%.

Fostering Energy Efficiency Through Street Lighting System Improvement: A Case Study of City-Level in Indonesia

Street lighting can be considered the main energy consumer and greenhouse gas emitter at Indonesia's city level. In addition, public street lighting systems throughout Indonesia still use inefficient technologies, resulting in a significant portion of a municipality’s operating expenditure. We conduct techno-economy analysis and formulate financing mechanisms to support energy efficiency improvements on street lighting systems. In doing so, a pilot case based on a survey in one of the provincial capitals in Kalimantan is performed. From the survey, it is found that around half of the street lighting systems in the observed city are unmetered, dominated by CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) lamps. Efficiency through street lighting system improvement can be achieved through, among others, replacement with a highly efficient light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, power meters installation and the replacement of high-efficiency armatures. Our analysis shows that energy consumption reduction potential from street light system improvements can reach 69% from existing conditions. In the showcase, it can save 9,466,465 kWh, equal to energy costs of IDR 13,676,202,724 and a 7,667-ton emission reduction. From the analysis, we also delivered a financial scheme for the project that incorporated local government and special mission vehicles under the coordination of the Ministry of Finance. Having great potential, a financing support mechanism can become a reference to another local government with a limited budget constraint. These findings can also provide policymakers with important inputs while improving street lighting systems as a key service provided by local and municipal governments.

Pengaruh Sistem Peredupan terhadap Efisiensi Energi Penerangan Jalan Umum pada Universitas Indonesia Berdasarkan Metode Lumen

LEDs in lighting systems have been widely used, including public street lighting systems. However, the selection of public street lights in Indonesia often does not use lumen calculations and light dimming technology. This study aims to improve energy consumption efficiency by replacing existing lamps with LED lamps according to the lumen calculation method and using a smart system in the form of automatic dimming of the lamps. The research study was carried out in two stages: the measurement of illumination using a lux meter and the analysis of energy consumption between the existing and the replacement. The replacement scenario is to replace the existing lamps with LED lamps equipped with an automatic dimming system based on lumen calculations. The lighting level is adjusted to Indonesian lighting standards, SNI 7391:2008, 2 to 5 lux. The result of the study is that carrying out a replacement scenario can increase energy consumption efficiency by 77.95%.

Energy Management System for Solar-powered Streetlighting Systems

Public lighting or street lighting systems are raised sources of light on the edge of the road or walkway, that is turned ON at night or during bad weather to lighten the streets and turned OFF in the morning. The major problem with streetlights is their excessive energy consumption as most of that energy is wasted because the streets are empty between about 11 pm to 5 am. This also leads to the rapid degration of the streetlights and increased cost of maintenance operations which constitute a financial burden to the municipality. This paper solves this problem by proposing an energy management system for solar-powered streetlights that in addition to turning the streetlights ON when places are dark, puts the streetlights in an energy-saving mode when there is no one on the streets. Vibration sensors are used as motion detectors. The study is focused on the second bridge on the River Wouri, Douala, Cameroon. Simulation of the work is done using Proteus Professional and the results obtained are compared with an estimated daily energy consumption of the existing streetlights on the bridge. It is seen that the energy consumption of the proposed system is 25740Wh, and this is far lesser compared to 187200Wh consumed by the existing system assuming each lamp is 150W.

Internet of Things-based Street Lighting System with Message Queuing Telemetry Transport and Progressive Web Application

The purpose of this study is to implement the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol and the Progressive Web App (PWA) of the Internet of Things (IoT) based public street lighting system. The MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol is a protocol that runs on the TCP / IP stack and is specially designed for machine to machine that does not have a special address. Progressive web application (PWA) is a software creation method by combining regular websites with mobile & desktop applications. This research is a development from previous research on Automatic Public Street Lighting. The development carried out includes a communication system, monitoring of lighting conditions, and automation or manual control of lights. The results obtained are the ease of monitoring lamp conditions and early detection of lamp problems. These results are obtained from the data sent by each street light, in the form of lamp status data, voltage, and electric current, through Long Range (LoRa) communication to the gateway using a radio network. The gateway data is then sent to the broker via the internet using the MQTT protocol and control and monitoring street light conditions using the Real-time Website and a mobile device. This research's impact is that street lighting monitoring and maintenance can be carried out more efficiently.

Optimizing public street lighting and redesign of public road lighting based on DIALux and fuzzy logic

Road lighting is one of the most important infrastructures in an urban area, one of its main functions is to provide comfort for road users as well as crime prevention at night. But besides having various functions, public street lighting systems must comply with standards and also pay attention to aspects of energy efficiency. This study discusses the optimization of using artificial intelligence with civil fuzzy logic methods to obtain a level of evenness that is in accordance with the standard, with input variables such as road width, pole height, lamp power and mounting distance between poles. Then the results of the Mamdani fuzzy logic are used as the basis for re-design input using DIALux and some additional input according to the standard criteria contained in the DIALux software. The results of this study indicate that both the level of evenness and other aspects have met the standards and also have energy savings of up to 58.6% of the existing conditions, this research is expected to be a recommendation in the design of street lighting.

On the Applicability of the Space Syntax Methodology for the Determination of Street Lighting Classes

Street lighting plays a crucial role in a city’s night landscape and in urban traffic management, influencing users’ comfort and safety. To contain costs of public street lighting systems and to avoid energy waste, illuminance levels on road surfaces must be adequate to fit actual traffic volumes, as prescribed by regulations. This is true not only for motorized roads but also for sidewalks, paths, and pedestrian areas. Regulations in force establish a relationship between road traffic volumes and minimum illuminance levels through the lighting classes selection procedure. Lighting classes selection is based on various para meters among which traffic volume is the most difficult to evaluate because traffic volumes are generally estimated or measured by a traffic observation campaign. In this paper, an alternative method for classes association which is based on a space syntax approach, is described. The method was applied to the case study town of Pontedera (Italy) for the analysis of the pedestrian and motorized traffic and it shows a good correlation between measured and estimated traffic volumes, demonstrating how the methodology, with a precise and quick estimation of traffic volumes, can help lead to a suitable design of the lighting infrastructure, aiming to reduce energy waste and to avoid oversized lighting systems.

A Dynamic Programming Approach for the Decentralized Control of Energy Retrofit in Large-Scale Street Lighting Systems

This article proposes a decision-making procedure that supports the city energy manager in determining the optimal energy retrofit plan of an existing public street lighting system throughout a wide urban area. The proposed decision model aims at simultaneously maximizing the energy consumption reduction and achieving an optimal allocation of the retrofit actions among the street lighting subsystems, while efficiently using the available budget. The resulting optimization problem is formulated as a quadratic knapsack problem. The proposed solution relies on a decentralized control algorithm that combines discrete dynamic programming with additive decomposition and value functions approximation. The optimality and complexity of the presented strategy are investigated, demonstrating that the proposed algorithm constitutes a fully polynomial approximation scheme. Simulation results related to a real street lighting system in the city of Bari (Italy) are presented to show the effectiveness of the approach in the optimal energy management of large-scale street lighting systems. Note to Practitioners —This article addresses the emerging need for decision support tools for the energy management of urban street lighting systems. The proposed decision-making strategy allows city energy managers and local policy makers taking retrofit decisions on an existing public street lighting system throughout a wide urban area. The presented strategy can be implemented in any engineering software, providing decision makers with a low-complexity and scalable Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool for the optimization of the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability of street lighting systems.

Street lighting efficiency with particle swarm optimization algorithm following Indonesian standard

This paper aims the street lighting efficiency optimization of street lighting on Dr. Setiabudhi street, Bandung city. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to get maximum lighting efficiency values with constraints in the form of lamp height, the distance between lights, lamp power, type/width of the street, the average illuminance and minimum illuminance according to Indonesian national standards (SNI) standards. Parameter optimization to obtain optimal values based on global standards and Indonesian national standards (SNI) has been done. PSO using MATLAB® (R2017a, MathWorks Inc, USA) has produced a street lighting optimization model with the level of lighting efficiency twice higher than the evaluation of existing conditions. Testing the results of the PSO algorithm shows a difference of 9.7% higher than the DIALux evo (8.0, Ludenscheid, Germany) software design. The test results show that the PSO algorithm can be used to obtain optimum lighting efficiency from a public street lighting system following SNI.

Energy Efficiency On Smart Street Lighting Using Raspberry Pi Based On Scada And Internet Of Things (IoT)

One of the criteria of a city categorized as Smart city is the ability to manage infrastructure, property and human resources intelligently. A reliable, sustainable and customable electric energy source is an absolute requirement for a smart city. However, the management of electrical energy must be economically so that it does not burden the local government budget. From a number of infrastructures that consume a lot of electrical energy under the authority of the responsibility of the local government, namely Public Street Lighting (PSL). Lighting from PLS that emits too much light when unnecessary is useless. At present, conventional PLS systems are synonymous with energy waste. Monitors and controls only do locally without having the ability to monitor and control remotely so that if there is damage or theft, it is slow to handle. The solution is to build a smart PSL system and its management. This paper presents a real-world proven solution that relies on aRaspberry Pi, SCADA, and Internet of Things (IoT). This system provide an energy efficiency. Smart PSL will work intelligently in accordance with their environmental conditions. Lighting and illumination are arranged based on the presence of people and vehicles so that they can avoid over lighting and glare. SCADA and IoT technologies are used for work process monitoring systems and data viewers that are carried out continuously and in real time. The result is the smart PLS mode is 43% more efficient than conventional PLS modes.

A decision-making tool for energy efficiency optimization of street lighting

This paper develops a multi-criteria decision making tool to support the public decision maker in optimizing energy retrofit interventions on existing public street lighting systems. The related literature analysis clearly highlights that, to date, only a few number of studies deal with the definition of optimal decision strategies complying with multiple and conflicting objectives in the planning of street lighting refurbishment. To fill this gap, we propose a decision making tool that allows deciding, in an integrated way, the optimal energy retrofit plan in order to simultaneously reduce energy consumption, maintain comfort, protect the environment, and optimize the distribution of actions in subsystems, while ensuring an efficient use of public funds. The presented tool is applied to a real street lighting system of a wide urban area in Bari, Italy. The obtained results highlight that the approach effectively supports the city energy manager in the refurbishment of the street lighting systems.

Public street lighting remote operation and supervision system

Public street lighting system consists of devices distributed in points of light and a supervision and control application. The system architecture is modular and expandable. In developing the work the C# language is adopted to develop the operation and monitoring via standard CyberOPC and XML file types are applied to the device description and definition of the network topology. This paper describes the validation proposed and the results obtained attests that this applied methodology is feasible and can be applied to other public lighting systems.

PLC based Smart Street Lighting Control

Conventional street lighting systems in most of the areas are Online at regular intervals of time irrespective of the seasonal variations. The street lights are simply switched on at afternoon and turned off in the morning. The consequence is that a large amount of Power is wasted meaninglessly. As energy consumption is an issue of increasing interest, possible energy savings in public street lighting systems are recently discussed from different viewpoints. The purpose of this work is to describe the Smart Street Lighting system, an approach to accomplish the demand for flexible public lighting systems using a Programmable Logic controller (PLC). The main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armoured for severe conditions such as dust, moisture, heat, cold etc., and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements. In the proposed paper, street lights are controlled using millennium 3 PLC taking the seasonal variations into consideration.

EFFECTS ON TREES OF AN ILLUMINATING GAS IN THE SOIL

Problems concerned with trees injured by illuminating gas accidentally leaking into the soil may be said to have commenced in 1807 when the first public street gas lighting system was installed in Pall Mall, London (10). Although various phases of the problems presented when illuminating gas is seeping into soil in which the roots of plants are growing have been investigated by botanists, chemists, and others for at least seventy years, no general agreement has been reached upon the exact manner in which vegetation is injured, killed, or otherwise influenced. A brief survey of the literature consulted is given to establish the present status of the general problem. Neuman in 1842, according to Girardin (12), described the poisoning of elm trees by gas. By 1864, Girardin, in Lille, France, was studying the soil for the cause of severe injury to Italian poplar trees located near a leaking gas conduit. About this time injuries to street trees were being reported from a number of European cities. The cause of the injury, and death of shade trees on several of the chief thoroughfares in Berlin brought about an extended controversy. This was described by Laissus and Heim (16). Some thought that gas in the soil was responsible; others thought that unfavorable conditions of water supply, nutrition, high temperatures, and other factors were chiefly responsible for the conditions of these trees. It was suggested that the soil around the roots of the trees should be inclosed by impervious cylindrical walls to avoid the action of illuminating gas, from leaking conduits, on the trees. In 1900, Wehmer (25) described the injury of elm trees in the vicinity of a gas leak in Hanover, Germany, and included an illustration showing the leafless condition of the tops of the trees and the sloughing off of large patches of the basal bark. In 1903 (18), at Yonkers, New York, considerable trouble was experienced owing to gas injuries upon shade trees. The writings of Stone (21, 22, 23, 24), from 1906 to 1916, gave evidence of the frequent instances of injuries to trees in New England which were attributed to the escape of illuminating gas in the soil. In recent years, in the United States field cases of gas in the soil affecting tree growth unfavorably have rarely been reported in the scientific literature. Accidental occurrences of this type are more frequent than is generally supposed. When they involve a conspicuous shade tree or extensive injury to a number of trees in a small locality the necessity for information upon the factors involved, accurate diagnosis, and possible remedial measures become urgent.