Planning Of Public Spaces Research Articles

A 3D Spatial Model to integrate Stormwater Drainage Design into Public Space

Abstract. This paper explores the integration of water sensitive urban design within public space planning using integrated 3D digital technologies. In traditional design processes, drainage and public space design often utilise distinct software and are led by different professionals, which creates significant communication barriers.Although civil and hydraulic engineers have made significant strides in integrating hydrology analysis with multi-objective space design, the collaboration of conventional 2D hydrology with 3D landscape design still presents challenges. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel approach that integrates drainage analysis and design within a 3D design model. This methodology is specifically designed to aid landscape and urban designers in incorporating stormwater management and drainage systems early in the design process. The approach involves three key steps: (1) identifying critical factors that impact, or are impacted by, drainage design; (2) translating these factors into specific spatial parameters; and (3) developing a workflow to integrate these parameters. This integration not only streamlines the design process, making it more cohesive and efficient but also mitigates potential conflicts between drainage requirements and spatial design, thereby reducing unnecessary revisions. Ultimately, this approach enhances the incorporation of essential drainage considerations into urban and landscape planning, leading to more sustainable and functional public spaces.

Towards A City of Good Dwelling

One of the main issues in contemporary urban planning is the fragmentation of urban spaces (Batty 2009) due to the relentless processes of land transformation. This phenomenon can lead to the creation of isolated urban islands and a lack of high-quality public areas. Such weaknesses particularly affect the socio-economic conditions of marginal areas within the existing city, especially those on the outskirts near rural areas. Public spaces (Low et al 2006) are essential for social interaction, community building, and improving the overall quality of urban life. They are spaces where cultural, economic, and social activities converge, contributing to the city's vibrancy and inclusiveness. Are considered the key of the new processes of urban regeneration and it contributes significantly to the making of the city of "good dwelling" (Beauregard 2020). To obtain the conditions for a good dwelling, it is proposed to apply the seven principles contained in the "Manifesto della Città del Buon Abitare"(Colarossi et al 2023): the city of good dwelling must assume the general principles of hospitality, urbanity and beauty of its public spaces. The paper proposes as innovative approach, the use of an urban planning tool with which it is possible to apply the principles of the Manifesto of the city of good living and which is called "Plan-program of public space planning and public and private services" (P.A.S.S.i.). The effort of this research is to identify a general planning tool for the redevelopment to the existing city. The multi-scalar approach of the research tool simultaneously allows an overall vision of the program and a qualitative control of each individual project.

Research on Public Space Interior Environmental Planning and Design Method Based on BIM Topological Relationships

With the wide application of building information modeling (BIM) technology in the field of architectural design, this study aims to explore the planning and design method of public space internal environment based on BIM topological relationship. Through in-depth analysis of the data structure and spatial topological relationships of BIM models, this study proposes a public space design framework that combines user needs and environmental standards. Collect and convert relevant data of public spaces into BIM models, use BIM technology to establish detailed models of spatial elements and their topological relationships, combine spatial connectivity, line of sight, and flow simulation analysis, and consider key factors such as spatial layout, lighting, and ventilation. Realize the planning and design of indoor environments in public spaces. The experimental results indicate that the method can effectively improve the quality of public space design and promote the sustainable development of the environment. This study not only highlights the application potential of BIM in public space design, but also provides a new design methodology for the internal environmental planning of public space.

Shaping city soundscapes: In situ comparison of four sound installations in an urban public space

The soundscape approach considers sound as a resource from a user perspective in the planning of public spaces. While this approach is garnering increased research attention, practitioners rarely integrate sound into their practice beyond noise mitigation. Yet, sound design of public spaces has long been a major focus of sound installation artists, who offer creative site-specific interventions to (re)design public spaces. In this study, we present the systematic evaluation and comparison of four temporary sound installations deployed over two consecutive summers in the same urban public space. The sound installations featured compositions by the artist collective Audiotopie using different combinations of ambient music, nature, and vocal sounds. To measure the effects of the sound installations on users’ experience, we deployed 825 questionnaires including soundscape ratings and sound source listings. The results show that all four sound installations improved the public space’s soundscape, with commonalities (increased calmness and pleasantness, decreased perceived loudness) and specificities (increased sense of being-away for one installation, increased extent-coherence and reduced ratings for chaotic for another) related to compositional and contextual factors, such as the intended design goals, users’ location, or the presence of construction noise. As well, three of the four installations distracted participants from other non-dominant sound sources such as construction works, air conditioners, but also birds and human voices. Overall, the results confirm that sound installations can have a common enhancing effect on the experience of public space users, in addition to specific, tailored effects to reinforce the intended design goals in public spaces.

Using Wi-Fi Probes to Evaluate the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Tourist Preferences in Historic Districts’ Public Spaces

Tourist preferences for public spaces in historic districts can reflect whether renovated spaces and functional structures meet tourism demands. However, conventional big data lack the spatio-temporal accuracy needed to support a refined, dynamic study of small-scale public spaces inside historic districts. This paper, therefore, proposes using a Wi-Fi probe to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of tourists’ spatial preferences in historic districts. We conducted a one-week measurement in the Xiaohe Street Historic Block in Hangzhou, China. Three indicators—visit time preference, aggregation preference, and stay preference—were used to examine the dynamic change in tourists’ spatial preferences, with 15 min as the time unit and public spaces with a radius of 25 m as the spatial unit. Our research demonstrates that, compared with conventional big data, the Wi-Fi probe offers a more reasonable and accurate method to measure tourists’ spatial preferences in historic districts at a smaller time and spatial granularity. The research findings can be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial regeneration and diagnose renewal-related issues in historic districts. It can also serve as a foundation for more precise planning of public spaces in historic districts, as well as the modification of functional structures.

EVALUATION STUDY OF THE REALITY OF PUBLIC SPACES IN RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS, THE CASE OF THE LAKHDAR AL-SABAA NEIGHBORHOOD IN AL-IDRISSIYA- DJELFA-ALGERIA

Public spaces are the basic element within residential neighborhoods, by their effective role as they are considered a complement to the dwelling space for users, but it suffers from various problems, as it records a state of deterioration that often reflects a lack of design efficiency with the absence of management features for the actors of this component within the residential neighborhoods. In order to determine the totality of this problems, we conducted an evaluation study of the reality of public spaces in residential neighborhoods by choosing the Akhdar Al-Sabaa neighborhood in Al-Idrissiya, where we studied the extent of efficiency and effectiveness and evaluated the participatory performance of residents within the neighborhood through field analysis and comparing the planning of public spaces within the neighborhood with international indicators in the quality of public spaces. Through this research paper, after reading, comparing, and reviewing, we were able to come up with a number of results and solutions in dealing with public spaces and contributing to raising their quality.

Chinese American older adults in urban and suburban public spaces: a comparative examination of two Los Angeles settings

ABSTRACT Age-friendly public spaces can improve older adults’ life quality and health. This study investigates low-income Chinese American/immigrant older adults’ needs, preferences, and encountered challenges in public space at two different contexts: central-city Chinatown and suburban Monterey Park in metropolitan Los Angeles. Findings reveal both common and different cultural preferences for public space activities, features, and facilities in these two contexts, as well as the importance of security, proximity, accessibility of neighbourhood public spaces, and culture-related activities and programmes in Chinese. Focusing on this underrepresented group, the study aims to enhance equitable public space planning and design.

Caring public space: Advancing justice through intergenerational public space design and planning

ABSTRACT Intergenerational public spaces respond to the needs of both youth and older adults and actively foster interaction, engagement, and understanding between generations. We consider how incorporating an ethic of care into intergenerational public space planning and design could support ongoing practices of care for people and places. We present a framework for a revised approach to intergenerational public space design that centers the practices and potential of care throughout a project’s scope, context, process, practice, and evaluation. Drawing on a study of a new pocket park in Los Angeles, we operationalize this quinquepartite framework to demonstrate how incorporating care can support participatory processes, material infrastructures, and programming interventions that advance justice in intergenerational public spaces, particularly in disinvested communities. We argue that an ethic of care exhibits strong compatibility with the principles of intergenerationality, and ought to be made more central in efforts to plan, design, and program urban public spaces.

Public Space Planning in Shanghai in the Post Pandemic Era Based on User Research

In the post epidemic era in China, the government is accelerating the modernization of urban governance. In this context, this article aims to use a quantitative research form of questionnaire surveys to collect the evaluation and expectations of Shanghai residents towards public spaces in Shanghai, and further analyze the data to provide directions for the development of Shanghai public space planning. After gathering the data, the research has found that the quantitative evaluation of public spaces in Shanghai by participants fluctuates very little, with user experience above average. Ordinary needs are basically met, but higher-level needs such as spiritual needs and self actualization are not met. Therefore, the renovation of public space is a must. After comprehensive analysis, the author suggests strengthening the renovation of old residential areas according to local conditions, adding health monitoring facilities, optimizing digital governance, increasing residents' participation, and increasing public welfare projects in Shanghai's future urban planning.

Reclaiming Public Spaces amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: Tactical Urbanism as a ‘Resilience’ Response

Several cities were struck by the global COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020. The rapid and hazardous spread of the crisis resulted in a profound urban transformation, changing the fundamentals of urban living. This research provides a perspective regarding the vulnerability and resilience of cities, particularly their public spaces. Public spaces, a significant component of the urban realm, remained fundamental in transforming cities during the pandemic. Implementing radical measures to minimize the spread of the virus and adopting emergency plans to resist the subsequent socioeconomic collapse demonstrated the varying yet synchronized stance on resilience. Two key approaches are used to pursue the concept of resilience as a strategic framework for public spaces. These include a balancing or bounce-back approach, which supports the idea of ‘return to normal’. The other is an evolutionary or bounce-forward tactic, characterized by adaptive capacity and transformation. This research reflects on the adaptive capacity of ‘resilience’ in public spaces, in which ‘tactical urbanism’ as an effective tool is used to create flexible, low-cost, and temporary design strategies to achieve public health goals and urban sustainability. It also discusses the examples of tactical interventions in public spaces during the pandemic and manifests the strength of temporary tactics to bring long-term change. The research concludes by proposing a new paradigm for public space planning, associating tactical urbanism and incorporating the evolutionary or adaptive capacity of resilience. The discussed strategies instil a vision for designing resilient public spaces for highly anticipated future pandemics and other hazards.

Public Space Planning in Urban Resettlement Community in China: Addressing Diverse Needs of Rural Migrants through Function Programming Based on Architectural Planning Theory

Rural migrants, who are widespread in China, experience diverse production and living needs upon resettlement in towns because of their various population attributes. However, the planning of resettlement community public spaces solely follows urban community function programming, which is misaligned with rural migrants’ needs, leading to a conflict between migrants and community regulation. Under the architectural planning theory and founded on previous research about rural migrants’ needs by the authors, this study involves expanded research that explores an approach to transforming migrants’ needs into resettlement community public space function programming. This approach includes three steps: (1) judging the dividing line between high and low levels of migrants’ needs, (2) extracting “Basic–Expansion–Potential” function item sets from the permutation and combination of different migrant types, and (3) calibrating function item sets with the current national architecture standard. In addition, this study compared the transformed data results with the need characteristics of migrants to inspect the rationality of the research method, formed two types of resettlement community public space function programming, namely “medium-high” and “medium-low” urbanization resettlement communities, and proposed elastic design strategies to respond to the complex functional programming. This research will provide a theoretical reference for the planning and construction of such resettlement spaces in China as well as other countries with the same migration and resettlement situation.

The Role of Temporary Use of Public Space in Sustainable Development

The aim of this research paper is to explore the sustainable approach towards the management of public spaces. The paper is divided into seven sections. In the beginning, a discussion of why management of public spaces is generally an important subject is described by means of a literature review. The second part of the paper focuses on the value of public space, providing an overview of the benefits of, and roles played by, properly defined and planned public spaces. The third part of the paper presents a detailed discussion of the process of what is seen to be an innovative approach to the management of public spaces. Significant objectives are identified, in accordance with the new process of public space management, its impact, and synergies. In the fourth part, the research methodology is discussed. This section outlines the two approaches taken towards a case study of temporary use of public space in Slovakia and a survey exploring the success of the temporary approach.Finally, the outcome of the case study and results of the survey are outlined, highlighting interesting potential best practices regarding the temporary use of public spaces. The results of the case study suggest that the planning of public spaces plays a significant role in the cities; consequently, the creation of public spaces must be considered as one of the most important aspects when analysing strategies towards sustainable urban development.

Case Study Analysis of Unified and Non-Unified Planning of Urban Public Space

This paper briefly reviews the development history of urban public space management, organizes the public space management tools and methods that accompany urban development, focuses on the analysis of domestic and foreign public space planning cases with different degrees of uniformity, analyzes the problems embedded in urban public space under different plans in the context of relevant design concepts of urban planning, and explores the possibility of disorder-oriented urban planning tools and the balance between uniformity and non-uniformity on the premise of the necessity of uniform planning. The study will explore the possibility of design-oriented urban planning tools and the balance between uniformity and non-uniformity. This paper finds that unified planning is necessary for the planning of urban public spaces, but more attention should be paid to disorderliness in design to avoid disadvantages.

Cartographies of Everyday Conflicts in Public Spaces. Informal Micro-activities on Formal Infrastructure. Carapungo Entry Park, Quito

Through the understanding of cartography as an alternative representation tool, this paper researches the existing and usually invisible relationships between informal micro-activities and formal public spaces. For this purpose, Carapungo Entry Park located in the north of Quito (Ecuador), is taken as a case study, being a paradigmatic case of the complexity and multiplicity that constitutes informality in Latin American cities. After a first analysis based on the formal planning of this park, we will focus on dissident spatial practices carried out by inhabitants who occupy and appropriate a formal space. These situations of conflict originate spatial constructions based on spontaneity, fluidity, adaptability, movement, and temporality, which include local culture, economy, and social interaction. With the production of cartographies, the processes and activities generated by formal and informal vendors, passers-by, and public transport passengers, are made visible and analyzed. The expected results based on cartography as an alternative representation, are the presentation of relations of tensions, forces, conflicts, and negotiations that allow us to identify patterns, trends and behaviors that have no place in the supposed precision and rigor of the regulations in the formal planning of public space.

The Pattern of Public Space on Barrang Lompo Island as High-Dense Environment in Makassar-Indonesia

One of the problems in dense environments such as Barrang Lompo Island is the lack of public space that islanders use for various activities. Due to the lack of public space, they use the space around them as a gathering place. The purpose of this study is to know the pattern of public space in Barrang Lompo Island and the factors that shape this pattern. The island is located at Makassar in Indonesia and is one of the islands in the Spermonde archipelago group. It has an area of 0.49 km² and 4,793 inhabitants, of which 2,442 are male and 2,351 are female. To answer the research questions, qualitative research methods are used by observing the activities of the islanders in public spaces. The result of the research is that the public spaces on Barrang Lompo Island are scattered around the house, such as in the street, aisle, street corner, courtyard, under the houses on stilts (Siring), courtyard, square, around the cemetery, seashore and pier. The bale bale is the most important urban furniture as a meeting place in the public space. The proximity of houses to each other, the gatherings known as Tudang Sipulung and the dense environment are factors in the pattern of public space. This study provides benefits to local authorities in Barrang Lompo Island as a guide for public space planning. For example, comfortable bale bales or benches should be placed as gathering places in many places, especially along the street, so that the local wisdom of gathering can be maintained.

Crowd Density Estimation in Spatial and Temporal Distortion Environment Using Parallel Multi-Size Receptive Fields and Stack Ensemble Meta-Learning

The estimation of crowd density is crucial for applications such as autonomous driving, visual surveillance, crowd control, public space planning, and warning visually distracted drivers prior to an accident. Having strong translational, reflective, and scale symmetry, models for estimating the density of a crowd yield an encouraging result. However, dynamic scenes with perspective distortions and rapidly changing spatial and temporal domains still present obstacles. The main reasons for this are the dynamic nature of a scene and the difficulty of representing and incorporating the feature space of objects of varying sizes into a prediction model. To overcome the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a parallel multi-size receptive field units framework that leverages the majority of the CNN layer’s features, allowing for the representation and participation in the model prediction of the features of objects of all sizes. The proposed method utilizes features generated from lower to higher layers. As a result, different object scales can be handled at different framework depths, and various environmental densities can be estimated. However, the inclusion of the vast majority of layer features in the prediction model has a number of negative effects on the prediction’s outcome. Asymmetric non-local attention and the channel weighting module of a feature map are proposed to handle noise and background details and re-weight each channel to make it more sensitive to important features while ignoring irrelevant ones, respectively. While the output predictions of some layers have high bias and low variance, those of other layers have low bias and high variance. Using stack ensemble meta-learning, we combine individual predictions made with lower-layer features and higher-layer features to improve prediction while balancing the tradeoff between bias and variance. The UCF CC 50 dataset and the ShanghaiTech dataset have both been subjected to extensive testing. The results of the experiments indicate that the proposed method is effective for dense distributions and objects of various sizes.

Prediction of the Impact of Land Usage Changes on Water Pollution in Public Space Planning with Machine Learning

In urban public space planning, changes in land use, structure, and construction impact the urban environment to a certain degree. Land usage changes the urban surface water environment by impacting it through numerous ways. This paper studies about prediction of land use changes on surface water pollution in public space planning. This paper analyzes the characteristics of land use changes in public space planning from the quantitative characteristics of land use types, land use structure characteristics, and land usage degree in different years. The protection of natural resources is important, and water is one of the most important natural resources consumed by human beings. The environmental changes impacting these natural resources are to be studied to preserve the natural resources. The prediction of over-consumption of natural resources using soft computing techniques can certainly provide a solution for appropriate decision making. The prediction of relationship between land use changes and surface water pollution is required. In order to achieve this, the regression analysis on land use changes of different spatial scales with four surface water pollution indicators in the dry and wet seasons is performed to obtain the regression of each water pollution indicator. According to the determination coefficient, the determination coefficient of the model uses the comprehensive pollution index method to predict the impact of land use changes on surface water pollution. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed method is high and it is helpful in studying the impact of land use change on surface water pollution. It can help in decision making on consumption of natural resources to preserve the natural resources for next generations.

Perencanaan Ruang Publik Berbasis Data Biofisik di Hulu Tukad Badung, Desa Sempidi, Kabupaten Badung

Public space planning based on biophysic data of upper Tukad Badung, Sempidi Village, Badung District. The Upper Tukad Badung area has the potential for natural sceneries, ecological values and religious socio-culture areas to be developed as a comfortable and safe public zone. The purpose of this research is to identify, analyze the biophysical and social aspects and allocate space for public activities in accordance with the conditions of the Upper Tukad Badung area. The research method used was a survey method using data collection techniques through observation, site documentation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature study. The landscape planning stages included inventory, analysis, synthesis, and landscape planning. The results of spatial synthesis of topographic and vegetation data with descriptive analysis of other data resulted active and passive public zones. The zones were connected with primary and secondary circulation types in a linear pattern. The vegetation plan had three functions;aesthetic conservation, cultivation, and vegetation.

Building Resilient Cities: Climate Change and Health Interlinkages in the Planning of Public Spaces.

Greenhouse gases emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels are worsening air quality and affecting the climate system. While climate change impacts on meteorological variables affects air quality by altering the concentration and distribution of pollutants, air pollution significantly influences the climate, leading to negative impacts on human health. Due to the combination of high temperatures, air pollution, and high population density, cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The planning and design of public spaces aimed at climate change mitigation and adaptation can result in multiple co-benefits for human health, while reducing social inequalities. To address the major research gaps in the communication between health and planning experts, and the lack of capacity among public sectors and policy makers, it is necessary to promote capacity building and knowledge sharing between the planning and health sectors. The purpose of this article is to develop preliminary recommendations for a process that allows a comprehensive assessment of the interlinkages between climate and health, social, environmental, and economic vulnerabilities, and the quality of the urban spaces, to support local governments, policymakers, and education institutions in making informed decisions for public spaces. The methods applied were a literature review and interviews with experts.

Study on the Design of Playable Urban Public Space

With the recent decline in outdoor spaces that are attractive and safe for children and young people, more and more cities, experts, scholars, and policy makers are focusing on child-friendly urban areas and are arguing, researching, and exploring them from different levels and perspectives. Over 20 years of playful urban design in Germany have provided a systematic framework for work on returning children and young people in urban public spaces. Through an in-depth analysis of playful urban public space planning and design instrument in Germany -master plan of play - the organizational structure and process of implementing a master plan of play in the old town of Regensburg, the participation of children and youth, the exploration of potential spaces and the development of playful public space design strategies are studied. It is concluded that diverse and continuous participation is the key to the practical construction of playful urban open space design. The key to the creation of active urban open spaces is the variety and continuity of participation. On this basis, the current situation of public spaces for children and youth in China is discussed, and the implications of the master plan of play and design for the development of playful urban open areas in China are explored to provide a reference for the creation of child-friendly cities.