Public Sector Participation Research Articles

Public Sector Participation in Innovation Governance: Evidence from the Lolli Strategy Project

Public Sector Participation in Innovation Governance: Evidence from the Lolli Strategy Project

Building Information Modeling as a Moderator Effects the Relationship Between Sustainability Metrics and Stakeholder Satisfaction

The oil industry is, by virtue of being a resource of value addition, the engine of industrialisation in countries. When focusing on environmental concerns today, studying the connection between financial management and Building Information Modelling (BIM) in climate-friendly oil projects is highly recommended. This paper is dedicated to the role of sustainability and Iraq’s decisions in Accounting and Information Systems in Iraq’s oil sector. It aims to capture the relationship between everything that is based on sustainability metrics and economic actors who also play important roles in such undertakings. The research succeeded in collecting data by preparing a survey, which was conducted among leading oil companies in Iraq, with the aim of determining their information system procedures. The data was analysed using the methodology of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results illustrate the positive help for BIM by including sustainability metrics. The information system type for the BIM also significantly influences the relationship between sustainability indicators and public sectors, with public sector participants being the more determinant group. This means that financial metrics, which may be interpreted as a performance factor for BIM, play a role in creating links that serve as the predicates of the sustainability indicators. Additionally, it rBIMes the concept of trade-off on the operational aspects between sustainability and economic gains in oil trading by adding a unique perspective to existing literature. The model created in this study is grounded on the PLS-SEM, complemented by the literature, and the hypotheses are tested. Through the inclusive coverage of the oil industry, the information can enlighten and guide effective strategies for collaborating with architectural work stakeholders that highlight the importance of oil sector proposals.

Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesian Government Policies regarding Rice Cultivation in the Face of Climate Change

The discussion about climate change adaptation usually focuses on technology or policies. It also predominantly addresses the transportation and industrial sectors. When discussing the agricultural sector, the emphasis is often on livestock farming, which indeed generates significant greenhouse gas emissions. Apart from livestock, another significant emitter in agricultural activities is rice cultivation. In the case of Vietnam, rice cultivation produces a greater amount of greenhouse gases compared to the transportation sector. However, rice cultivation is highly vulnerable to climate change. While rice cultivation is prevalent in developing countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, these countries may not necessarily have sufficient resources to cope with climate change. Therefore, this study will compare how these three countries respond to the issue of climate change based on case studies of policies related to rice cultivation. The research employs the theory of ecological modernization, which seeks solutions to climate change issues through environmentally friendly technological innovations and government policies. Policies that encourage public and private sector participation in climate change prevention are also considered. The study finds that each country has a different orientation, leading to the implementation of diverse policies and technologies according to the context and history of each nation. The mentioned history refers to the history of rice cultivation in a specific country. Meanwhile, the context of each country includes factors such as the challenges faced by a country, the orientation of farmers in rice cultivation, and the role of a country in the international market.

Tecnologia blockchain: Desafios e oportunidades em finanças públicas

Abstract Purpose: This article aims to analyze pioneering public finance initiatives based on blockchain technology, identifying the Brazilian context amid the international. Additionally, this study seeks to present opportunities for blockchain technology applications and the challenges encountered for their expansion. Originality/value: Few studies have covered the public sector, especially public finance, despite using and testing this technology in different areas. The development of these innovative applications is limited, particularly in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach: Public documents, such as reports and official websites of public agencies, associations, and institutions, were identified and selected from the unit of analysis “pioneering public finance initiatives based on blockchain technology.” Findings: Blockchain technology has been used in government projects related to research, identity, economic development, and financial services, among others. Blockchain initiatives have been led by Brazil’s financial, technology, and education/media sectors. Finding technology applications in public finance was one of the difficulties in the research. The number of projects in this category involving blockchain and the public sector is scarce in Brazil and internationally. However, this scenario has shown signs of change. Although reduced, public sector participation has increased in recent years. Blockchain has much to offer the public finance sector, but governments have been cautious and insecure about introducing the technology. It happens because of uncertainty about whether the technology is developed enough to withstand critical problems in the public system or what unique issues could arise from that technology.

THE LEGAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LAND REDISTRIBUTION IMPLEMENTATION EX-CULTIVATION RIGHTS TITLE IN SEMPU, BABADAN AND SUGIHWARAS VILLAGES KEDIRI, EAST JAVA

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of land redistribution ex-Cultivation Rights Title as well as analyze its obstacles and solutions in Sempu, Babadan, and Sugihwaras Villages, Kediri, East Java. This study used empirical research methods with primary data as the main data. This research data uses primary data, namely interviews and secondary data which include laws, regulations on agrarian affairs, books and journals that study agrarian reform. The results of this study explain that the priority of implementing agrarian reform for ex-Cultivation Rights Title land that has expired its Cultivation Rights Title and within 1 year has not applied for a permit extension. The implementation of land redistribution in Sempu, Babadan and Sugihwaras Village, Kediri, East Java approximately 1,766 fields of former Cultivation Rights Title of PT Sumber Sari Petung has been 100% completed. The utilization of this former Cultivation Rights Title land is still used as agricultural land. The implementation of land redistribution of ex-Cultivation Rights Title to Use Enterprises in these three villages legal effectiveness has been achieved because redistribution can resolve agrarian conflicts. The obstacles encountered in land redistribution are limited human resources and limited time to complete land redistribution. The significance of this research lies in the importance of public and private sector participation in supporting the implementation of land redistribution, so that it can optimally realize agrarian reform.

Integrating resource oriented sanitation technologies with urban agriculture in developing countries: measuring the governance capacity of Arba Minch City, Ethiopia

This research study aims to assess the capacity of Arba Minch City to adopt resource-oriented sanitation technology and integrate it with urban agriculture. The overarching goal is to promote sustainable urban development by not only using resources efficiently but also recovering resources from urban waste streams. To measure the city's governance capacity, the study employs a Governance Capability Framework (GCF), which identifies nine conditions and three indicators for each condition across three dimensions: knowing, wanting, and enabling. The framework helps assess the city's capacity for governance throughout the integration of urban agriculture with ecological sanitation (ecosan) technology. The research employs a triangle strategy, which consists of desk research, gray and scientific literature review, and a semi-structured interview with 27 indicators. By employing these strategies, the research evaluates Arba Minch's governance capacity to implement ecological sanitation integration with urban agriculture. The findings of the study show that Arba Minch City's governance capacity to integrate ecosan with urban farming is affected by several factors. These factors include a lack of systematic monitoring and evaluation of previous projects, fragmentation of policy tools to govern the integration of the system, and a lack of adequate public sector participation. Additionally, there is no government body responsible for integrating the system, and various non-governmental organizations play a significant role in financing, organizing, and implementing the system. On the user side, the study reveals a behavioral gap in adapting to resource-oriented sanitation technology and recovered organic fertilizer. The findings suggest that long-term system management requires a strong, active, and well-trained community group capable of taking on the role and responsibility of running similar projects. Furthermore, to mitigate the policy fragmentation challenge, policy harmonization and integration among actors to negotiate, deliberate, and agree on measures to be taken are critical. In conclusion, the study suggests that similar project developers should investigate the factors that motivate users of new technology and influence their behavioral changes. Ultimately, the study recommends a more comprehensive approach to resource-oriented sanitation technology and urban agriculture integration that takes into account governance capacity and community engagement.

Knowledge toward ovarian cancer symptoms among women in Syria: Cross-sectional study

Background: Ovarian cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy in women over 40, especially in low-income nations. For every 100,000 women in Syria, 473 new cases of ovarian cancer are diagnosed. This study aims to investigate the knowledge of ovarian cancer symptoms among Syrian women and determine the factors associated with good knowledge. Methods: An online cross-sectional was performed between July 29 and August 17, 2022. The inquired participants in the study were Syrian females above 18 years. The questionnaire consists of 41 questions organized into three sections: sociodemographic information, Confidence in recognizing ovarian cancer symptoms, and women's Awareness of the symptoms of ovarian cancer. Results: This research included 557 Syrian women, and the average age was 23. Only 20.5% of involved women demonstrated a good knowledge of the symptoms of ovarian cancer. The participants who agreed that abdominal pain and pelvic pain are ovarian cancer symptoms formed (36.8%), and (63.9%), respectively.Regarding the additional presenting symptoms of ovarian cancer, “extreme generalized fatigue” was the most often reported symptom (66.1%). Divorced women showed greater knowledge scores than other marital status groups (7.13 ± 3.31, P-value<0.05), while public sector participants scored higher than other occupational groups (6.38 ± 2.5, P-value<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Syrian females have inadequate knowledge regarding ovarian cancer symptoms. More ovarian cancer awareness programs for Syrian women of all ages are needed to increase the early identification of this illness.

Participants Prefer Technical Hands-on Cyber Exercises Instead of Organisational and Societal Ones

The current shortage of cybersecurity professionals is about 2 million people worldwide, and in Europe the industry is seeking for about 350 000 skilled professionals. There is also an enormous need for dedicated cybersecurity training courses for existing professionals who wish to acquire completely new skills or maintain their current ones. Due to the lack of new skilled workforce, the current cybersecurity personnel are overworked in their work. In order not to waste the valuable time of cybersecurity professionals with unnecessary training, cyber exercises should be well prepared. This article is based on research conducted in a European collaborative project and more specifically, a cyber exercise organised in early 2022. The purpose of our research was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the participants to learn about their skills and expectations before the cyber exercise. This assessment was used for fine-tuning the exercise. To achieve this, we identified common trends in the participants’ interests during the cyber exercise. The preliminary assessment was carried out as a web survey. The responses were cross tabulated to find meaningful indicators related to skills and interests of the participant group. We identified the most and least preferred knowledge areas for both the industry and public sector participants. Our findings show that the most interesting knowledge areas of all respondents were primarily technical in nature (Data Security, Connection Security, System Security), but Organisational Security was also reported. The least interesting knowledge areas were mostly non-technical in nature (Human Security, Organisational Security, Societal Security) but also Component Security was reported. We also enquired about the preferred team size. The majority of the respondents preferred a team size of three to four persons. The preferred single session duration was 46–60 minutes. The results help cybersecurity professionals to match their knowledge needs with the existing cybersecurity proposition and to determine the right and most beneficial training for them. The results also assist the providers of cyber training and other exercises to describe the targeted development of specific cybersecurity and other knowhow in a coherent, standard-like, way.

Community-funded behavioural change initiatives: Water quality in Ireland

Mitigating the deterioration in water quality is contingent on changing human behaviours. Community-based behavioural change initiatives are one approach to changing people's actions, which is distinct from many behavioural change programmes that target the actions of individuals. This paper examines a behavioural change initiative aiming to foster proactive community engagement in the management and protection of water catchments in Ireland. The initiative comprises a grant scheme for community groups to undertake a variety of activities to support improvements in water quality, ranging from education and awareness activities to physical interventions. The analysis finds that higher grant awards and a greater number of grant applications are positively associated with either a higher likelihood of engagement with public and private sector stakeholders or participation in the State's River Basin Management Plan process on improving water quality. While this demonstrates some success for the grant scheme, questions remain unanswered with respect to the efficacy of schemes like this. With limited quantitative data available both on the precise nature of interventions applied and measured target outcomes, it was not possible to discern what community group or project attributes are critical to the success of the grant scheme. This deficiency means that effectively replicating or scaling up successful projects like this will be practically challenging.

Public-sector participation in the circular economy: A stakeholder relationship analysis of economic and social factors of the recycling system

Public-sector participation in the circular economy: A stakeholder relationship analysis of economic and social factors of the recycling system

The impact of administrative management and information technology on e-government success: The mediating role of knowledge management practices

This study examines the impact of administrative management and information technology on e-government success with the mediation role of knowledge management practices. For this purpose, data was gathered from 163 public sector participants in the Al-Jouf region of Saudi Arabia. This study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test and validate the research model and proposed hypotheses. The findings show that information technology and administrative management significantly increase e-government success and knowledge management practices. Moreover, the findings revealed that knowledge management practices play a vital mediating role between information technology and administrative management to make e-government success more successful and to reduce risk. Furthermore, this study strengthens the theoretical and practical implications of e-government by developing a link with socio-technical systems theory as well as with Fayol’s administrative management theory. In the end, the study recommends that policymakers and managers take serious steps to attain advantages in the application of technologies in e-government to fulfill the renewable and changing needs of beneficiaries.

Public Health Risk Evaluation through Mathematical Optimization in the Process of PPPs.

The public sector is becoming increasingly appealing. In the context of declining public money to support health studies and public health interventions, public-private partnerships with entities (including government agencies and scientific research institutes) are becoming increasingly important. When forming this type of cooperation, the participants highlight synergies between the private partners and the public's missions or goals. The tasks of private and public sector actors, on the other hand, frequently diverge significantly. The integrity and honesty of public officials, institutions, trust, and faith in those individuals and institutions may all be jeopardized by these collaborations. In this study, we use the institutional corruption framework to highlight systemic concerns raised by PPPs affiliated with the governments of one of South Asia's countries. Overall analytical frameworks for such collaborations tend to downplay or disregard these systemic impacts and their ethical implications, as we argue. We offer some guidelines for public sector stakeholders that want to think about PPPs in a more systemic and analytical way. Partnership as a default paradigm for engagement with the private sector needs to be reconsidered by public sector participants. They also need to be more vocal about which goals they can and cannot fulfill, given the limitations of public financing resources.

Delphi study for evaluating critical success factors (CSFs) for PPP power projects in Ghana

PurposeThis study aims to identify the critical success factors of public private partnership (PPP) power projects in Ghana and further evaluates the most significant critical success factors (CSFs) influencing both the public and private sector participation in PPP power projects.Design/methodology/approachRanking-type Delphi survey in two rounds was conducted to establish a comprehensive list of critical success factors of PPP power projects. Using purposive and snowball sampling techniques, experts were targeted for the Delphi survey. Mean score ranking, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Kendall’s concordance were used for analysis.FindingsFrom the list of 37 critical success factors, 9 CSFs were deemed to be extremely significant. The five topmost CSFs were as follows: shared authority, trust and communication between public and private sectors; necessity of power project; debt guarantee to enable private partner to raise funds from the local or international financial markets; appropriate risk allocation and risk sharing; and thorough and realistic assessment of cost, projections and benefits.Originality/valueThe CSFs identified and prioritized in this study have the propensity to trigger policy development towards the PPP power sector in Ghana and developing countries that shares similar context. This is because the study has wide implications for financing, politics, procurement, regulations, legal and capacity building.

Latent profiles of children’s participation in decision making in a diverse context and their relationships to children’s sociodemographic characteristics and subjective well-being

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 가정, 학교, 지역사회, 국가의 수준에서 우리나라 아동들의의사결정 참여가 어떻게 경험되고 있는지 의사결정 참여유형을 확인하고 참여유형 결정에영향을 미치는 요인과 참여유형에 따른 주관적 삶의 질의 차이를 살펴보는 것이다. 방법: ‘한국 아동의 삶의 질에 관한 종합지수 연구’의 5차 자료를 활용하였으며, 초등학교5학년과 중학교 1학년 아동 5,391명을 대상으로 잠재프로파일 분석(Latent Profile Analysis) 과 3단계 접근법에 따른 참여유형의 영향요인 및 주관적 삶의 질의 차이를 살펴보았다. 결과: 아동 의사결정 참여의 잠재프로파일은 4개 유형으로 나타났으며, ‘참여저조집단’(12.1%), ‘적극참여집단’(42.4%), ‘가정내 참여우세집단’(33.6%), ‘공적 참여우세집단’(12.0%)으로 분류되었다. 각 집단에 속할 확률에 영향을 미치는 요인은 아동의 성별과학년, 성적과 거주지역 규모로 나타났으며, 4개 유형에 따른 주관적 삶의 질의 차이가 모두유의미했는데, 행복감과 삶의 만족도 모두 적극참여집단, 공적 참여우세집단, 가정 내 참여우세집단, 참여저조집단 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 특히 참여저조집단의 주관적 삶의 질이다른 세 집단에 비해 월등히 낮았다. 결론: 연구결과를 토대로, 의사결정 참여가 저조한 집단을 중심으로 국내 아동들의 의사결정참여를 향상시키기 위한 실천적 함의를 제시하고, 향후 후속연구에 대한 제언을 포함하였다.Objectives: This study aimed to examine the typologies of Korean children’s decision-making participation in diverse context and to identify the determinants of their latent profile membership. Also, the differences in subjective well-being according to latent profile membership were examined. Methods: The subsample (5,391 fifth-graders in elementary schools and first-graders in middle schools) from fifth-wave data of A Study on Korean Children’s Quality of Life was used for the latent profile analysis and a three-step approach was taken to investigate the determinants and consequences of the latent profile membership. Results: Four latent profiles were identified for children’s decision-making participation: These are referred to here as the ‘low participation group’ (12.1%), the ‘active participation group’ (42.4%), the ‘higher family participation group’ (33.6%), and the ‘higher public sector participation group’ (12.0%). The children’s characteristics (sex, grade, academic achievement) and the size of their residence area were found to be the determinants of the latent profile membership, while the level of subjective well-being (happiness and satisfaction) differed according to the latent profile membership. The active participation group had the highest level of subjective well-being, whereas the low participation group had the lowest level of subjective well-being in general. The higher public section participation group ranked higher than the higher family participation group. The subjective well-being of the low participation group was far lower than those of the other three groups. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, theoretical and practical guidelines to improve the decision-making participation of Korean children, especially that of the low participation group, are suggested. Also, suggestions for the following studies are made.

Quality of Popular Diets in the United States

Objectives1) Evaluate the quality of popular diets in the US, and 2) model the effect of targeted food substitutions on diet quality. MethodsDietary data from 34,411 adults ≥20 y were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018. Usual dietary intake was assessed using the National Cancer Institute’s usual intake methodology, and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 was used to evaluate the diet quality of eleven popular diets. A diet model was used to evaluate the effect of targeted food substitutions on diet quality. ResultsParticipants that followed a pescatarian diet pattern had the highest diet quality (65.2, 95% CI: 64.0–66.4), followed by vegetarian (63.0, 62.0–63.0), very low grain (62.7, 62.2–63.3), flexible paleo (62.3, 61.1–63.4), low grain (61.2, 60.6–61.9), low-moderate grain (59.7, 59.3–60.2), omnivorous (57.8, 57.5–58.1), restricted carbohydrate (56.9, 56.6–57.3), time restricted (55.2, 54.8–55.5), moderate protein (55.0, 54.7–55.3), and high protein (51.8, 51.0–62.7). Modeled replacement of up to three daily servings of foods highest in added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat with alternative foods led to a statistically significant increase in diet quality and a decrease in energy intake for most diets (P < 0.001 for most diets). ConclusionsLow diet quality was observed for all popular diets evaluated in this study. Modeled dietary shifts that align with recommendations to choose foods lower in added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat led to only modest improvements in diet quality but a larger reduction in energy intake. Greater efforts are needed to shift consumer perceptions away from reductionist dietary approaches that place undue emphasis on specific foods, individual macronutrients, and timing of eating, and toward healthy dietary patterns that emphasize consumption of a variety of high-quality food groups. Funding SourcesThis work was supported by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS) Carbohydrate Committee. IAFNS is a nonprofit science organization that pools funding from industry collaborators and advances science through the in-kind and financial contributions from public and private sector participants. IAFNS had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or presentation of the data and results.

Association between Restricted Carbohydrate Diets and Cardiometabolic Disease

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the association between restricted carbohydrate diets and prevalent cardiometabolic disease (CMD), stratified by fat intake.MethodsDietary and CMD data were obtained from 19,078 participants ≥20 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) methodology was used to assess usual intake of foods and nutrients.ResultsCompared to individuals that met all macronutrient recommendations, those consuming restricted carbohydrate diets (<45%en) were 1.123 (95% CI 1.113–1.133) times as likely to have CMD, and those consuming the recommended amount of carbohydrates only were 1.060 (1.058–1.062) times as likely to have CMD. Higher intakes of saturated and polyunsaturated fat were associated with greater prevalence of CMD in restricted and recommended carbohydrate intake groups. Higher intakes of monounsaturated fat were associated with lower prevalence of CMD among participants that met carbohydrate recommendations only.ConclusionsParticipants that consumed restricted carbohydrate diets were more likely to have CMD compared to participants that met all macronutrient recommendations, and this association was modified by fat intake. Greater efforts are needed to understand longitudinal associations between carbohydrate intake and CMD.Funding SourcesThis work was supported by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS) Carbohydrate and Lipid Committees. IAFNS is a nonprofit science organization that pools funding from industry collaborators and advances science through the in-kind and financial contributions from public and private sector participants. IAFNS had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or presentation of the data and results.

Restricted Carbohydrate Diets High in Fat Are Associated with Increased Likelihood of Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the association between a restricted carbohydrate diet (<45% energy from carbohydrate) and metabolic syndrome stratified by fatty acid classes in a nationally representative sample of U.S adults.MethodsData on food and nutrient intake, and markers of metabolic syndrome, were obtained from 19,078 respondents ≥20 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. The National Cancer Institute's usual intake methodology was used to evaluate the associations between usual dietary intake and prevalent metabolic syndrome.ResultsCompared to individuals that met all AMDR macronutrient recommendations, the odds of having metabolic syndrome were 1.085 (95%CI: 1.077–1.094) times higher among those that consumed a restricted carbohydrate diet (P < 0.001) and 1.115 (1.153–1.156) times higher for those that met only current recommendations for total carbohydrates (P < 0.001). Higher fat intake, regardless of class, was associated with increased likelihood of metabolic syndrome among individuals that consumed restricted carbohydrate diets but not among individuals that met current carbohydrate recommendations.ConclusionsThe likelihood of prevalent metabolic syndrome was moderately higher (8.5%) among individuals that consumed restricted carbohydrate diets compared to individuals that met all macronutrient recommendations. High intake of fat of any class was associated with increased likelihood of metabolic syndrome in those consuming a restricted carbohydrate diet.Funding SourcesThis work was supported by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS) Carbohydrate and Lipid Committees. IAFNS is a nonprofit science organization that pools funding from industry collaborators and advances science through the in-kind and financial contributions from public and private sector participants. IAFNS had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or presentation of the data and results.

Prioritization of the Criteria Affecting the Health of Elderly Women in Iran by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Objectives With increasing life expectancy, aging in Iran becomes more feminine. This study aimed to prioritize the criteria affecting the health of Iranian elderly women. Methods &amp; Materials In this descriptive-analytical study, factors affecting the health of the elderly women, with the opinion of 20 health-policy and health services management experts employed in governmental and non-governmental organizations, were approved. In the second phase, the weight and rank of these criteria were calculated and analyzed using Hierarchical Analysis Process. Excel software was used to analyze data. Results The analysis showed that the individual factor is the most important in terms of factors affecting the health of elderly women. In terms of the type of interventions, the provision of preventive health services, in terms of decision-making, executive interventions at the queue level, in terms of planning, integrated approach, and continuous planning with the participation of public and private sectors were ranked first. Conclusion Given the influence of the previous periods of life on healthy elderly, decision-makers should prioritize preventive services in all periods of life regarding age and gender context. Interventions should be presented with an integrated approach with continuous planning at the levels of government, organization, and queue, as well as with the participation of both public and private sectors. The existence of an information management system, supervision, and evaluation, provides the ground for continuous feedback and improvement of programs. Therefore, it is recommended that the government play a more significant role in ensuring the health of the elderly.

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД СТРУКТУРУВАННЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ СЛУЖБИ

The article deals with the structuring of the system of public administration in the context of scientific debate about the relationship between political and administrative process of public administration. In terms of this discussion the points of fundamental importance for theory and practice of management, particularly in developed democracies, are as follows: structure of public administration, composition of its elements and their role in management; public service, its scope, interrelation with other categories of employees; the role of administrative staff in the political process; the importance of interaction between public officials and politicians. It is justified that studying the experience of public administration in developed democracies acquires relevance in connection with the spread of European integration and the reform of public administration in accordance with European standards. Implementation of control functions in continental and Anglo-Saxon models of democracy has been considered. It is shown that the most important element of public administration is also coordination of all elements of the management system. Definition of the term "a public servant" used in different countries has been analyzed. It is stated that at the beginning of XXI century the role of public service in these countries has increased with the emergence of new areas of regulation that required the participation of public sector in control actions and in most activities directly. In the presence of numerous "special" characteristics inherent in post-socialist countries or post-colonial systems, as well as "individual" traits peculiar to each state separately, "in general" it is substantial to create a public service that would meet the needs of a particular political and administrative system in the modern conditions of world globalization.

Brazil and Its Turning Point, the Possible Impacts of the Ideology on Private Investment Behavior

This paper analyzes the loss of dynamics in the Brazilian economy from 2015/2016 onwards, which has resulted in a worsening of social conditions in Brazil and seeks to answer what caused this loss of pace of economic growth. The dominant ideology that started to rule the Brazilian economy in 2016 is strictly related to the logic of reducing the public sector participation in the economy, and the widespread belief among its supporters is that this would lead to an increase in the private investment and, consequently, to boost the economic growth. Nevertheless, we did not observe this: despite the implementations of the neoliberal logic, the investment decreased, the GDP levelled off around only 1% per year (from 2017 to 2019), and the unemployment rate surged in parallel to the worsening of social conditions. Here we try to explain what has been happening in the Brazilian economy, supported by the institutional economy. It is essential to understand this due to the importance of the Brazilian economy in the global and regional context. What took place in Brazil could occur in other countries. Therefore, understanding the hindrances to economic growth, even considering that the elites had implemented an ideology that they believe is crucial to provide sustainable growth, is pivotal because the assumptions of the ideology ex-ante its implementations did not produce the results that were expected.