Public Road Users Research Articles

Legal Protection of Drivers in Train Accidents at Crossings Without Door Bars

Legal Protection for Machinists in Train Accidents at Crossings Without Door Bars in the Area of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia Persero Divre West Sumatra is based on Article 124 of Law Number 23 of 2007 concerning railways. PT KAI provides protection to machinists by being responsible if third parties can prove from the chronological results of investigations and investigations if it is proven that the machinist really made a mistake that resulted in an accident and caused casualties. Form its legal liability by insuring losses suffered by third parties. In train accidents at crossings without door bars, machinists are not given responsibility alone but are protected by the company. The legal responsibility of PT Kereta Api Indonesia Persero Divre West Sumatra to victims of train accidents at crossings without door bars is that the security and safety of public road users is not the responsibility of the transportation organizing body, in this case PT. (Persero) Indonesian Railways. The crossing gate bars are not for the security of public road users, but to secure and facilitate train travel alone. Criminal liability by the machinist for train accidents must be seen from the element of guilt and also see the responsible ability of a machinist, if all elements have been fulfilled then the machinist can be held responsible for train accidents. When crossing a crossing, it also bears the risk that if the crossbar is not provided as an adequate facility in limiting road users from passing and allowing the train to pass first.

"IoT-Based Vehicle Monitoring and Driver Assistance System Framework for Safety and Smart Fleet Management"

Curbing road accidents havealways been one of the utmost priority of nations worldwide. In Malaysia, the Traffic Investigation and Enforcement Department reported that Malaysia’s total number of road accidents haveincreased from 373,071 to 533,875 in the last decade. One of the significant causes of road accidentsis the driver’s behaviors. However, to regulate drivers’ behavior by the enforcement team or fleet operatorsischallenging, especially for heavy vehicles. In our research, we have proposed the Internet of Things (IoT) scalability framework and its’ emerging technologies to monitor and alert driver’s behavioral and driving patterns to reduceroad accidents. To prove this work, we have implementeda lane tracking,and iris detection algorithm, to monitor and alert the driver’s behavior when the vehicle sways away from the lane, and to detect if the driver is feeling drowsy. We implemented electronic devices such as cameras, a global positioning system module, a global system communication module, and a microcontroller as the hardware for an intelligent system in the vehicle. We also appliedface recognition for person identification using the same in-vehicle camera and recorded the working duration for authentication and operation health monitoring. With the GPS module, we monitored and alerted against permissible vehicle’s speed accordingly. We integrated IoT on the system for the fleet centre to monitor and alert the driver’s behavioral activities in real-time through the user access portal. We have validated it successfully on Malaysian roads. The outcome of this pilot project ensuresthe safety of drivers, public road users, and passengers. The impact of this framework leads to a new regulation by the government agencies towards merit and demerit system, real-time fleet monitoring of intelligent transportation systems, and socio-economy such as cheaper health premiums. The big data can be used to predict the driver’s behavioral in the future.

Personal characteristic, occupational, work environment and psychosocial stressor factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaints on bus driver: literature review

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaints is an accumulation of injuries and pain in the musculoskeletal system. It is characterized by injuries on muscles, tendons, cartilages, ligaments, and vascular and nervous structures. Bus drivers are high-risk workers that experience MSDs complaints. MSDs on bus drivers can disrupt drivers’ performance, endanger drivers, passengers, and public road users. This study aims to review the literature on factors of MSDs complaints among bus drivers. The literature review method is used by compilation, tabulation, comparing the research results, and then summarizing it. The research was obtained from an accredited journal site (PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus) and the google scholar journal search page. After searching for keywords and screening with the research inclusion criteria, 15 studies were obtained. It was found that smoking habits, age, years of work, driving duration, work posture, vibration, work stress, and job dissatisfaction were the main factor of MSDs complaints on the bus driver. Several studies also show that bus drivers with a low level of physical activity, long driving duration, high driving frequency, unergonomic seats, feelings of anxiety and confusion during driving had a higher risk for experiencing MSDs complaints.

Monitoring Battery Lighting and Public Street Light (PJU) With Telegram-Based Information System Microcontroller

The development of automation technology has now been felt in all aspects of human life. The convenience and security offered in technology also has a positive impact, especially in the aspect of electrical energy. Public Street Lighting (PJU) is a means of street lighting provided by the Government to improve or optimize road equipment facilities in the form of street lighting tools in order to realize safety, security, order and smoothness of traffic as well as convenience for road users in traffic. Frequent blackouts and lack of supervision are inconveniences for public road users. monitoring technology for battery lighting and public street lighting (pju) with this microcontroller-based telegram information system is designed to make it easier to monitor and monitor if the lights go out at night or there is a problem with the battery that can be fixed immediately, the results can be seen by the sensor ( LUX) which is used as an automatic switch that can turn off the lights during the day and turn on the lights at night. And also equipped with an automatic sensor switch (PIR) which if the vehicle is not detected the automatic light will dim and vice versa, if detected with a distance of 8 meters the vehicle automatically lights up. Can inform technicians by telegram of damage to lights and batteries on the road. This is done to increase comfort, efficiency, transportation safety and also to develop technological systems to be more innovative.

Prototype to Increase Crosswalk Safety by Integrating Computer Vision with ITS-G5 Technologies

Human errors are probably the main cause of car accidents, and this type of vehicle is one of the most dangerous forms of transport for people. The danger comes from the fact that on public roads there are simultaneously different types of actors (drivers, pedestrians or cyclists) and many objects that change their position over time, making difficult to predict their immediate movements. The intelligent transport system (ITS-G5) standard specifies the European communication technologies and protocols to assist public road users, providing them with relevant information. The scientific community is developing ITS-G5 applications for various purposes, among which is the increasing of pedestrian safety. This paper describes the developed work to implement an ITS-G5 prototype that aims at the increasing of pedestrian and driver safety in the vicinity of a pedestrian crosswalk by sending ITS-G5 decentralized environmental notification messages (DENM) to the vehicles. These messages are analyzed, and if they are relevant, they are presented to the driver through a car’s onboard infotainment system. This alert allows the driver to take safety precautions to prevent accidents. The implemented prototype was tested in a controlled environment pedestrian crosswalk. The results showed the capacity of the prototype for detecting pedestrians, suitable message sending, the reception and processing on a vehicle onboard unit (OBU) module and its presentation on the car onboard infotainment system.

SAFETY AND SECURITY STUDIES OF RAILWAY LINES WITH PUBLIC ROADS (CASE STUDY OF RAILROAD CROSSING IN THE KENJERAN ROAD OF SURABAYA CITY)

Railways are a mode of transportation that is being liked by the public because of its efficiency. The train has its own road in the form of rails, it doesn’t mean the train doesn’t intersect other transportation. The train crossing is a conflict area for public road users with train. This includes train crossing at Kenjeran street. The kenjeran street itself is a national road that is quite strategic because it is one of the accesses to the Surabaya-Madura toll road. The research this time aims to find out the security aspects that must be improved at the train crossing kenjeran street. Including rider behaviour at the time of the train crossing. The method used for this research is direct observation of the field and also shares questionnaires to find out if a public road user understands regulations while on a train crossing. The research results of many signs or road markers are incomplete so that many road users do not know that in front of the train crossing. Other public road user behaviour is also a lot of offense.

Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran Penggunaan Telephone Selular saat Berkendara

Cellular Telephone is a communication tool that can connect people with others who are obstructed by distance and time. Its use is now a priority for most people. The level of traffic accidents caused by drivers who drive their vehicles while using the telephone is also increasing. In connection with the above it will be discussed regarding the regulation of the use of cellular telephone while driving as well as law enforcement for motorists who violate the use of cellular telephone while driving. In this paper the method used is a normative legal method which uses legal material collection techniques in the form of study documents and uses primary legal material sources such as legislation and secondary legal materials such as legal books which are then poured descriptively to get final conclusions. Then regarding the conclusions of the results of this study namely violations of the use of cellular telephones have explained that in driving there is no concentration to cause an accident and even to cause death then threatened with imprisonment and fines as regulated in Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Past Road Traffic and Transportation. For law enforcement efforts to prevent the use of cellular telephones it is necessary to understand the community from adolescents to adults of the dangers and impacts of using cellular telephones when driving. So that safety can be created in driving with other public road users.

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM PENGAWASAN CCTV LALU LINTAS DI KOTA TANJUNGPINANG

The problem of traffic and public order on the Tanjungpinang City highway is in the spotlight by the government and society in general. Monitoring and supervision needs to be carried out in order to create public order and convenience. One of the surveillance systems that has been implemented in several areas of Tanjungpinang City is to use CCTV. But in reality there are still traffic problems such as traffic violations, whether in the form of a red light breakthrough, stop passing the stop line when a red light, not wearing a helmet and others, as well as traffic jams at some intersection points that are congested with vehicles. In addition there are still many people who do not know how the use and application of CCTV in traffic needs. This study aims to determine (1) Types of traffic surveillance CCTVs in Tanjungpinang City, and (2) implementation of traffic surveillance systems in Tanjungpinang City. This research was conducted at the Tanjungpinang City Transportation Department Office with the type of research using qualitative methods, while the data collection techniques were interview, documentation and observation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the traffic surveillance system in Tanjungpinang City has not been implemented optimally. The implementation of this policy is aimed at the public, especially public road users with an indirect monitoring and supervision system or inside the CCTV monitoring room of the Tanjungpinang City Transportation Department.

Unnatural death in the elderly: a retrospective study of medicolegal autopsies in Northern Tunisia

BackgroundThe growing proportion of elderly implies that natural and unnatural deaths of the elderly will be increasingly confronted. The objective of our study was to determine the unnatural manner and causes of death in the elderly, defined as individuals at least 65 years of age at the time of death. We conducted a monocentric restrospective study based on police investigation reports and medicolegal autopsy reports collected from the Department of Legal Medicine of Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis, Tunisia between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2017.ResultsDuring this period, 3837 autopsies were performed. Five hundred ninety-two (15.4%) were 65 years or older at the time of death. Of these, 264 deaths were categorized as accidental, suicidal, homicidal, or unknown. The mean age of victims was 75.3 years (± 6.7), unnatural deaths were higher in urban areas (64%) and victims were living alone in 24.7% of cases. Accidents accounted for the majority of unnatural deaths (90.5%) and were more common in males. Traffic accidents accounted for 66.9% of accidental deaths; they were more frequent in pedestrians and more frequent on Monday. They were followed by accidental falls which accounted for 17.2% of accidents and occurred in the home especially or in the workplace. Charcoal brazier was incriminated in 11 cases of accidental thermal burns and in all cases of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning. Suicide and homicide were uncommon manners of death; they were observed in 16 and eight cases respectively. Hanging was the most used suicidal mean. Suicides were more common in males; they took place especially in the victim’s home, and history of psychiatric disorders was frequently elicited.ConclusionsAutopsies provide important statistical data that can be used for preventive strategies. For instance, actions must be carried out on the maintenance of public roads and raising awareness among public road users. Preventive measures should also include home improvement to help the elderly avoid accidental falls, installing smoke detectors, and the non-use of defective or rudimentary heating.

Highlighting the Salient Safety Issues in the National Road Traffic Regulation 2012

Land transportation is an integral part of modern day life. It has bridged spatial activities, enhanced commerce and general developments across large areas of society. However, it has also resulted in series of untoward consequences that have negatively affected families as a result of different fatalities. It is obvious that the regulating authorities do not implement the provisions of the law especially as it relates to the periodic certification and recertification of commercial transport drivers and their conductors. It is also obvious that the will to confront security personnel/corporate security vehicles using by the enforcement agencies that grossly violate the provisions of the law is lacking. The law is silent on safety issues such as tire life and conditions, road markings or dressing and geometric design features of the roadways that influence driving. Therefore, the need to institute measures to regulate/control operations, use and behavior on public roads by pedestrians, drivers and other vehicle users became apparent in Nigeria. The 2012 National Road Traffic Regulation was therefore prepared to guide all public road users in relation to their conduct and use of road infrastructure. The complete disregard by the public and enforcement agencies of the regulation has, therefore, necessitated highlighting of some salient safety issues in the regulation which will lead to a better use of our roads and highways when adhered to. These ranges from the registration of vehicles to the processes of the issuance of drivers licenses, parking speed and other personal conducts that could jeopardize the safety of persons and property of potential road users.

An intelligent IoT emergency vehicle warning system using RFID and Wi-Fi technologies for emergency medical services.

Collisions between emergency vehicles for emergency medical services (EMS) and public road users have been a serious problem, impacting on the safety of road users, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and the patients on board. The aim of this study is to develop a novel intelligent emergency vehicle warning system for EMS applications. The intelligent emergency vehicle warning system is developed by Internet of Things (IoT), radio-frequency identification (RFID), and Wi-Fi technologies. The system consists of three major parts: a system trigger tag, an RFID system in an emergency vehicle, and an RFID system at an intersection. The RFID system either in an emergency vehicle or at an intersection contains a controller, an ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) RFID reader module, a Wi-Fi module, and a 2.4-GHz antenna. In addition, a UHF ID antenna is especially designed for the RFID system in an emergency vehicle. The IoT system provides real-time visual warning at an intersection and siren warning from an emergency vehicle in order to effectively inform road users about an emergency vehicle approaching. The developed intelligent IoT emergency vehicle warning system demonstrates the capabilities of real-time visual and siren warnings for EMS safety.

Camera System Deployment for Speeding Control in Australia

ABSTRACT In Australia, the Auditor-General plays the role of checking on system fiscal efficiency, performance and effective communications between safety professionals and the public road users. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the possibility of public approval of the information that is to be released, e.g. camera strategic initiatives assessed by through mail-out questionnaires. Two visual-and- policy related attributes were investigated in these questionnaires. Each attribute had 5 initiatives. A multi-logistic regression is performed on the approval level of the drivers for the strategic initiative of running a speed-awareness course. This initiative is determined to be statistically significant using independent variables age, years of experience, status, gender, and the driver environment. Our analysis shows that the driver environment/background is found to be a significant independent variable for approving speed awareness courses. The road users from non-industrial areas are more likely to approve the idea of speed awareness courses than road users from industrial areas. They also welcome tougher demerit rules and the police enforcement. Our study suggests the speed awareness course, an educational initiative, should incorporate the tougher demerit rules to change the repetitive offender's driving behaviour. It is foreseeable that once these drivers are enrolled into the course, safer driving practices would be achieved for mitigating dangers, risk and trauma as the result of speeding. Our study may benefit professionals involved with improving traffic safety such as those in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and the Arab gulf countries particularly the kingdom of Saudi Arabia where a high number of fatalities and serious injuries involved speeding. Our study confirms that positive, transparent and satisfying initiative should be executed with care to maintain sustainable and safer roads for enhancing national partnership between road users and authorities.

Factors influencing road infrastructure damage in Malaysia

Damage to public road transport infrastructure can inhibit its optimal function and contribute to traffic accidents. Damage, therefore, is of concern to both road infrastructure users and owners. This study improves the understanding of damage-contributing factors to Malaysian road infrastructure, to inform optimum maintenance regimes and damage remedial measures. Data from a major survey of public road users are analysed using structural equation modelling. Causal relationships between factors are identified and tested as 12 hypotheses, of which 7 are found to be positive. Vehicle overloading and climatic effects are the major factors, whereas increased traffic volumes contribute to surface wear, other types of physical damage and ultimately accidents. We proffer that stakeholders need to better appreciate the significant contribution played by overloading and climatic effects and (ideally with governmental financial support) derive passive solutions to mitigate them. Alternatively, continued road infrastructure degradation will yield negative socioeconomic effects, in addition to the more direct problems of maintenance, repair and associated costs.

Starting a Safety Improvement Program for Rural Unpaved Roads

A prototype safety improvement program (SIP) developed specifically for unpaved roads is presented. The combination of high mileage, low traffic volume, and limited budgets makes it difficult for local agencies to adopt traditional SIPs. The presented SIP for unpaved roads is economically and procedurally appropriate for local road agencies. It provides a systematic means of prioritizing road sections for safety analysis and identifying safety improvement needs. One of the many unique features of the program is its “partnering” approach of involving public road users in the safety improvement process. Results of case studies that validate the procedure are included.