Research Institute Research Articles

Music therapy Embedded in the Life Of Dementia Inpatient Care (MELODIC) to help manage distress: A mixed methods study protocol for co-designing a complex intervention

ABSTRACT Introduction Best practice guidelines state that psychosocial interventions should be the first line of treatment for people with dementia who are experiencing distress. However, little research explores psychosocial support for those experiencing the most complex symptoms of distress in inpatient mental health wards. Music therapy may reduce behaviours of distress and staff report it to be helpful, yet interventions are not common in the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom, and the type and method of delivery vary. Methods and design This study, funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research, will co-develop and pilot a standardised protocol and guide, MELODIC (Music Therapy Embedded in the Life Of Dementia Inpatient Care), for music therapy in NHS inpatient mental health dementia wards. Two reviews, using realist and systematic methods, will be conducted to increase understanding of the current evidence base. Focus groups will then be facilitated to explore experiences of distress and the use of music on wards. MELODIC v1 will then be co-designed with experts by experience and stakeholders, and piloted on two NHS wards with differing experiences of music therapy. Mixed methods data collection will support protocol and theory refinement and establish the appropriateness of the methods to inform a future trial. Ethical approval has been received for all research activities. Discussion The protocol and findings will be disseminated in academic, clinical and public spaces. MELODIC can then be tested for feasibility and acceptability, with clinical and cost-effectiveness ultimately established in a definitive randomised controlled trial. Registration Realist review: CRD42023409635; systematic review: CRD42023429983.

The equity inventory planning process: A pilot program promoting racial justice in early care and education organizations.

Leaders undertaking the effort to dismantle structural inqualities at the organizational level often find traditional professional development on diversity, equity, and inclusion to be limited in scope, rarely leading to meaningful organizational change. The Racial Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (REDI) Movement was developed in 2020 by associates within a Midwest university research center to increase efforts toward the pursuit of a holistic, systems-level approach to equity, social justice, and inclusion. REDI now includes several interventions that prepare associates and their teams to advance racial justice and equity across four levels of the REDI Framework: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Institutional, and Societal. This case study investigates a team-based, voluntary pilot intervention within REDI known as the Equity Inventory Planning Process (EIPP), specifically targeting policy development to address structural racism at the institutional level. We piloted the EIPP with seven early care and education organizations following a year of strategic planning and consultation with the leading statewide Head Start association.

A Podcast Discussion on the Intracranial Efficacy of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Patients with EGFR-Mutated NSCLC with Brain Metastases.

The incidence of brain metastases is higher in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than in patients with most other cancers, and the development of brain metastases is associated with poor prognosis. The objective of the podcast is to provide information about current and future treatments for brain metastases that develop in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. The panel discusses surveillance and management of patients with brain metastases, different types of currently used treatments, and recent data on the intracranial efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The panel also discusses current and future studies of ADCs in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC with brain metastases. This podcast discussion, among four oncologists (two thoracic oncologists, one radiation oncologist, and one neurologist/neuro-oncologist), is for healthcare professionals (HCPs) at community practices and research institutions.

The Role of The University in the Development of Inclusive Entrepreneurship in the City of Pedernales

Objective: The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate the pivotal role that universities play in promoting inclusive entrepreneurship, with a particular focus on individuals with disabilities. Theoretical Framework: This research centers on the university's role as a catalyst for social change, specifically its capacity to foster inclusive entrepreneurship and enhance the quality of life for people with disabilities. The study is rooted in the premise that universities, as institutions of learning and knowledge creation, have a responsibility to engage with the community and address pressing social issues. In this context, social entrepreneurship emerges as a strategy for generating employment opportunities and improving the living conditions of marginalized groups. Method: This research employs a bibliographic approach, utilizing research techniques such as observation, interviews, and surveys of two market segments. Additionally, it presents the findings and a discussion of the topic. Results and Discussion: The research on inclusive entrepreneurship in Pedernales has uncovered a latent opportunity to transform the employment landscape for individuals with disabilities in the canton. While significant challenges exist, such as low employment rates and a lack of effective public policies, key elements have been identified that can drive positive change. Implications: The research on inclusive entrepreneurship in Pedernales carries significant implications at both the local and national levels, extending beyond academia to impact the social and economic spheres. Originality/Value: The research on inclusive entrepreneurship in Pedernales exhibits notable originality by focusing on a specific context and population group, allowing for a detailed analysis of their unique needs and challenges.

Three novel neoplasms in Nancy Ma's owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae).

Neoplasms are only sporadically reported in New World primates and rarely in owl monkeys (Aotus spp.), specifically. Previous reports of neoplasms in owl monkeys are primarily restricted to lymphoma induced by Herpesvirus saimiri infection, although other tumors in the central nervous, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems have been sporadically reported. Herein, we describe 3 previously unreported neoplasms in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) including a pericardial mesothelioma in a 6-year-old male, a nephroblastoma in a 2-year-old male, and a cervical neoplasm with characteristics of an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in a 4-year-old female, all occurring in the same closed breeding colony at a research facility in central Texas. Reporting of spontaneously occurring neoplasms in research colony populations is important for identifying potential animal models of human diseases and for improving colony management and species health.

Age and origin of Bereinsky complex Granitoids of Kamensky Terrane of the Monghol-Okhotsk orogenic belt: results of U-Pb (ID tims) geochronological and Sm-Nd isotope-geochemical research

Dating of magmatic rocks from paleo-island arcs of orogenic belts helps to define the precise timing of subduction processes that took place during the formation of the orogen. Within the central (East Trans-Baikal) part of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt, the Kamensk island-arc terrane is an example of such paleo-island-arc complex. Its intrusive part is included into the Bereinsky complex, represented by a gabbro-diorite-tonalite-plagiogranite series of rocks demonstrating subduction geochemical characteristics. The dating of zircons from acidic rocks of this complex by the U–Pb classical method showed that they were produced in a narrow time interval – 203±1–205±1 Ma, which corresponds to Norian/Rhaetian boundary of the Late Triassic. Taking into account the previously obtained age of the diorites (254±5 Ma), the timing of formation of the entire series of intrusive rocks is about 50 Ma, thus indicating in the Late Permian – Late Triassic the subduction along the northern (in modern coordinates) margin of the Mongol-Okhotsk Paleocean beneath the Siberian paleocontinent. Diorites of the first phase have positive values ɛND(254MA) = 3.2–3.6 (TNd(DM) = 879–994 Ma), and plagiogranites – ɛND(205MA) = 2.3–3.5 (TNd(DM) = 859–1028 Ma), which points to the connection of these rocks with the substance of the depleted mantle source and is consistent with the Sm-Nd isotope characteristics of the juvenile crust of the Central Asian orogenic belt. This study was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 22-27-00775. The resources of the Shared Use Center for Isotope-Geochemical Research (Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk) were used in this work.

醫學研究倫理審查思考：公共健康倫理學的啟發

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. Ethical reviews of medical research are facing challenges similar to those faced by public health ethics, including increasing complexity, diversity and interdisciplinary cooperation; the rapid development of biological and information technology; and the huge impact of these fields on individuals, societies and political and environmental systems. Therefore, models used in research ethics reviews, which are based on traditional bioethics principles and criteria, need to be adjusted. In addition, virtue ethics need to be considered by research teams and institutions. To truly support responsible medical research innovation, all key stakeholders, including researchers, philosophers, sociologists and policy-makers, should be involved in ethical research governance.

South Africa’s service delivery in the 4IR era: The need for responsible leadership

Background: It is argued that fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and its technologies need not just ethical leadership but also a more effective kind of leadership known as responsible leadership to be successfully implemented and adopted. Technology has the potential to enhance significantly existing service delivery mechanisms.Aim: This research examines the 4IR through the perspective of responsible leadership of senior managers in public administration, a cornerstone of public sector ethics at the helm of public institutions.Setting: This study focusses on the South African public sector in general with a consideration of a few public services.Methods: A qualitative research approach was used in the study, and the study reviewed the literature on the phenomenon under investigation. The reviewed literature consisted of secondary sources of data such as peer-reviewed articles, information on credible websites, scholarly books, and institutional and technical research reports.Results: This research suggests that leadership that is not responsible among South African administrative officer-bearers is to blame for the country’s chronic service delivery problems. In addition to influencing the job satisfaction of those directly under the leader’s supervision, responsible leadership reflects the authority the leader holds, can reduce unethical behaviour among the major stakeholders and reflects the leader’s moral compass.Conclusion: The study concluded that ineffective leadership among South African government officials is to blame for the country’s chronic service delivery problems.Contribution: This article seeks to contribute to the continuing discussions about the significance of innovation and leadership in the period of the 4IR.

Lightweight Neural Network Model and Algorithm for Pedestrian Detection

<div>Traditional pedestrian detection methods have poor robustness. Deep learning-based methods have shown high performance in recent years but rely on substantial computational resources. Developing a lightweight, deep learning-based pedestrian detection algorithm is essential for applying deep learning-based algorithms in resource-limited scenarios, such as driverless and advanced driver assistance systems. In this article, an improved model based on YOLOv3 called “YOLOPD” (You Only Look Once—Pedestrian Detection), is proposed. It is obtained by constructing a self-attentive module, introducing a CIOU (Complete Intersection over Union) loss function and a depth separated convolutional layer. Experimental results show that on the INRIA (National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation), Caltech, and CityPerson pedestrian dataset, the MR (miss rate) of the model YOLOPD is better than that of the original YOLOv3 model, and the number of parameters is reduced by about 1/3, which significantly improves the speed of network derivation while improving detection accuracy.</div>

Efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers: research results in long-term field experiments in Russia, Great Britain and China

The results of research in long-term field experiments on the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers are presented. All experiments were based on the classical scheme and included, in addition to the control variant (without fertilizers), a nitrogen-potassium background, on which the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers was studied. At the same time, regional specifics were taken into account in each experiment: liming at the Experimental Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry (Russia), the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers at increasing doses of nitrogen N100–300 at the Rothamsted Experimental Station (Great Britain), a combination of phosphorus fertilizers with manure at the Chinese National Soil Fertility Monitoring Base. In long-term experiments, the dynamics of changes in the content of mobile phosphorus, as well as individual fractions, taking into account the emerging balance of P2O5, are presented. It is shown that the redistribution of phosphorus between different soil fractions is reversible, and the direction of the processes depends on the emerging balance of P2O5. Phosphorus accumulated in more firmly held forms can subsequently be released and absorbed by cultivated crops. In all field experiments an increase in the yield gap between NK and NK + P variants was observed over time. On the one hand, this is due to a significant decrease in the phosphorus content in the background NK variant (in acidic soils – also an increase in Al mobility), in which phosphorus removal significantly exceeds control (without fertilizers), on the other – a significant increase in the content of P2O5 in the soil with a positive balance. In a long-term experiment at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Agrochemistry, the difference coefficient of phosphorus utilization from fertilizers was 25–27, at the Rothamsted station – 25–41, at the Chinese National Soil Fertility Monitoring Base – 45%. Attention is drawn to the high payback of phosphorus fertilizers in experiments at the Rothamsted experimental station (Great Britain) – 22–39 kg of grain/kg of P2O5 (when cultivating winter wheat in crop rotation). The main method of increasing payback in this case was the use of high doses of nitrogen – up to 200 kg N/ha. Studies have shown that liming acidic soils to a slightly acidic reaction, the use of zinc micronutrients, as well as phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms, are essential methods to increase the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers.

The role of non-parametric and parametric methods in benchmarking research performance

This study examines the effectiveness of Kazakhstan’s grant funding system in supporting research institutions and universities, focusing on the relationship between funding levels, expert evaluations, and research outputs. We analyzed 317 projects awarded grants in 2021, using parametric methods to assess publication outcomes in Scopus and Web of Science databases. Descriptive statistics for 1606 grants awarded between 2021 and 2023 provide additional insights into the broader funding landscape. The results highlight key correlations between funding, evaluation scores, and journal publication percentiles, with a notable negative correlation observed between international and national expert evaluations in specific scientific fields. A productivity analysis at the organizational level was conducted using non-parametric methods to evaluate institutional efficiency in converting funding into research output. Data were manually collected from the National Center of Science and Technology Evaluation and supplemented with publication data from Scopus and Web of Science, using unique grant numbers and principal investigators’ profiles. This comprehensive analysis contributes to the development of an analytical framework for improving research funding policies in Kazakhstan.

Исследование временной динамики маркёров отсроченной церебральной ишемии с помощью вейвлет-спектров электроэнцефалограмм

The paper presents the results of a study of the temporal dynamics of some markers of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) identified in delta-range wavelet spectra of electroencephalograms (EEG) using the method of electrical activity analysis. EEG signals of 16 patients treated in the intensive care unit of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care after surgery for non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage were analyzed. According to computed tomography data, DCI developed in 6 patients, while DCI did not develop in 10 patients. It was found that the patient sample was heterogeneous, namely, in 10 patients (4 patients with DCI and 6 patients without DCI) of 16, the development of DCI could be predicted with 100% accuracy using the studied markers 48 hours after surgery; in the remaining 6 patients (2 patients with DCI and 4 patients without DCI), the studied markers give contradictory results. In this paper, the dynamics of DCI markers is studied using the first sample of patients. Using the second sample, the reasons why the studied markers may give an incorrect prognosis of DCI development in some patients are discussed. It is shown that the studied DCI markers allow not only the accurate prediction of the development of DCI in some patients but also the tracking of the dynamics of the patient’s condition after surgery.

Trends in exercise therapy research for neurological diseases: a bibliometric and visualization approach from 2000 to 2024

BackgroundNeurological disorders are one of the major global health burdens, and exercise therapy has been widely recognized as a beneficial intervention. However, the existing literature has primarily focused on summarizing the interventions, complications, and influencing factors, with relatively limited systematic comparisons and summaries.MethodsThis study employed a bibliometric analysis approach, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to analyze the literature on the application of exercise therapy in neurological disorders from 2000 to 2024, including annual publication volumes, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, keyword co-occurrences, keyword clustering, keyword timelines, and keyword bursts.ResultsThe study found that the United States is the leading contributor in this field, and the University of Toronto and the University of Illinois are the most active research institutions. Keyword analysis revealed that the research hotspots in this field are concentrated on the role of exercise therapy in the prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and improvement of quality of life for neurological disorders, and are gradually delving into its potential physiological mechanisms.ConclusionThis study provides valuable references for subsequent research in this field, helping to track the research frontiers and predict future research directions. Future research could further explore the specific mechanisms and clinical efficacy for different neurological diseases, providing more targeted evidence for clinical practice.

Wind Energy Siting Optimization in Fujian Province, China

The geographical distribution and scientific evaluation of wind energy potential are crucial for regional energy planning. Wind energy is a renewable energy that can mitigate climate change. Several open-access World Bank databases and the ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) Global were used to gather and process data through wind energy siting optimization in Fujian Province. This paper uses the fuzzy quantifiers of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach in arc geographic information system (ArcGIS Pro) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to handle the associated wind data uncertainties to obtain wind energy technology siting optimization for nine cities in Fujian Province. The converted database options and characteristics used the weighted overlay tool (WOT) to reflect the importance of wind farm project objectives. The sensitivity analysis tested the robustness and resilience of the integrated MCDM design for feasibility or viability. The results revealed that 21.743% of the area of Longyan City is suitable for siting wind energy. Other cities’ suitable areas comprise 14.117%, 12.800%, 5.250%, 4.621%, 4.020%, 4.020%, 3.430%, and 2.300%, respectively (Sanming, Ningde, Quanzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou, Nanping, Xiamen, and Fuzhou cities). Furthermore, a considerable amount of wind power is needed to supply the current primary energy deficit (60.0–84.0%) and satisfy the carbon emission reduction target. Wind farm installation in Fujian province is an opportunity to provide inexhaustible energy, generally affected by generation volume and operational span. Wind power is highly acceptable to local Chinese. Reasonably high understanding and excitement for wind farm investments exist among local authorities. Future research should consider wind data of the identified onshore optimization sites and design wind farms for the respective output power for pessimistic, average, and optimistic scenarios for possible wind farm development. Similarly, the long shoreline of about 1680.0 miles (or 2700.0 km) is a considerable source of offshore wind power prospecting, future research, and energy exploitation and harvesting opportunities.

The Influence of Stability in New Power Systems with the Addition of Phase Modulation Functions in Thermal Power Units

The addition of phase modulation function technology to thermal power units is one of the most effective measures to solve dynamic reactive power shortages in the construction process of new power systems. In this paper, the influence of the phase modulation function transformation of thermal power units on the stability of a new power system is studied. Firstly, the new power system stability index is deeply analyzed, and an evaluation system for power system transient stability is constructed from five key dimensions: transient voltage, static voltage, power angle stability, power flow characteristics, and grid support. Secondly, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method considering the subjective and objective comprehensive weights is proposed, and the influence of the phase modulation transformation of the thermal power unit on the stability of the receiving-end power grid is quantitatively analyzed. Finally, a CEPRI36 node example model was built based on the PSASP v.7.91.04.9258 (China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China) platform to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can quantitatively analyze the impact of adding a phase modulation function to thermal power units on the stability of the power system. At the point of renewable energy connection, the static voltage stability index improved by 42.9%, the transient power angle stability index improved by 32.1%, the multi-feed effective short-circuit ratio index improved by 33.9%, and the comprehensive evaluation score improved by 14.7%. These results further indicate that adding a phase modulation function to thermal power units can provide a large amount of dynamic reactive power support and improve the voltage stability and operational flexibility of the system.

Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Baby Corn

Aims: The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major pest threatening baby corn production, significantly impacting yield and profitability. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticides and their combinations in managing fall armyworm populations while ensuring sustainable crop production. Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD). Place and Duration of Study: Maize Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during the rabi season of 2022–2023. Methodology: Field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of seed treatments, foliar sprays, and their combinations on pest control, crop performance, and natural enemy conservation. The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design with three replications and eight treatments, T1 (tetraniliprole 480 FS and cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD spray, T2 (cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% FS and spinetoram spray), T3 (cyantraniliprole 600 FS and chlorantraniliprole 9.3% + lambda-Cyhalothrin 4.6% ZC spray), T₄ (chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC), T₅ (emamectin Benzoate 5% SG), T₆ (flubendiamide 480 SC), T₇ (dimethoate 30 EC) and T8 (untreated control). Insecticides were applied twice at a 14-day interval. Observations on leaf injury rating (LIR) and percent infestation were recorded using the standard 1–9 scale given by modified Davis and Williams. Pre-treatment observations were taken one day before spraying, and post-treatment observations were recorded at 7 and 14 days after each application. Parameters such as percent reduction over control, dehusked cob yield, green fodder yield, and cost-benefit ratio were calculated to evaluate treatment efficacy. Results: Results indicated that seed treatments followed by foliar sprays provided superior control of fall armyworm, with T2 (cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% FS and spinetoram spray) demonstrating the lowest leaf injury ratings and highest yield benefits. T3 (cyantraniliprole 600 FS and chlorantraniliprole 9.3% + lambda cyhalothrin 4.6% ZC spray) exhibited comparable performance, followed by T1, T4, T5, T6 and T7. The study underscores the importance of integrating effective pest management strategies to enhance baby corn productivity and profitability. Conclusion: The study highlights the effectiveness of integrating seed treatments with foliar sprays for managing S. frugiperda in baby corn. T3 and T2 emerged as the most effective treatments, both in terms of pest control and economic viability, underscoring their potential for sustainable pest management and enhanced crop productivity.

Adaptive Position/Force Controller Design Using Fuzzy Neural Network and Stiffness Estimation for Robot Manipulator

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive hybrid position/force control approach using fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) for a robot manipulator with joint friction compensation. The dynamics model and system uncertainties are estimated by FNNs. For force tracking control, an adaptive impedance controller is employed with an online stiffness estimator, wherein the stiffness of the contacted environment is estimated using a gradient descent algorithm. The adaptive update laws of the FNNs and the stability of the controller are obtained using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, the proposed adaptive hybrid controller is implemented on the AR605, a 6-axis articulated robot manipulator manufactured by the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI). The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategies are verified by the simulation and experimental results.

Development of a Multi-grade Flour Sieving Machine: It’s Performance and Financial Feasibility

This study was conducted at the Engineering Shop of Southern Cagayan Research Center (SCRC) located at Minanga Norte, Iguig, Cagayan from March to April 2024. The design and fabrication of the flour sieving machine prototype were undertaken using local technology. The study generally aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of the multi-grade flour sieving machine using glutinous rice flour in terms of electrical energy consumption, sieving capacity, sieving efficiency, and weight of the sieved flour. A simple cost analysis was also done to determine the economic viability of the machine. The result of the study was analyzed using Analysis of Variance for a Completely Randomized Design for two factorial experiments with three replications. The treatments used were the different oscillating speeds (Factor A) and the inclination angle of the sieve (Factor B). Least Significant Differences (LSD) were used to determine differences between treatment means. The overall mean of the machine in terms of sieving capacity was 71.22 kg/h, sieving efficiency of 95.80 %, and electrical energy consumption of 0.046 kW-hr/kg. From a mean weight of 5.75kg, the composition of flour contains 2.51% coarse, 66.27% medium, 22.18% fine and 9.05% extra fine. All parameters used in the study were significantly influenced by Factor A. However, the result of LSD at 1% level of significance shows no difference to each other when considering Factor B alone. Likewise, the interaction of Factor A x B for both electrical energy consumption and sieving capacity was not significantly different. The equipment’s cost was Php 37,000.00, the break-even point was 6,437.42 kg /yr and the break-even usage was 11.30 days/yr. Keywords: Technology development, Locally fabricated sieving machine, Performance Testing, Flour grading, Philippines

Genomic regions associated with flag leaf and panicle architecture in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

BackgroundFlag leaf (FL) and panicle architecture (PA) are critical for increasing rice grain yield as well as production. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) can better understand the genetic pathways behind complex traits like FL and PA.ResultsIn this study, 208 diverse rice germplasms were grown in the field at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Beaumont, TX, during 2022 and 2023 following Augmented Randomized Complete Block Design. After heading, eight different flag leaf and panicle architecture (FLPA) related traits were measured. GWAS analyses were performed to identify potential genomic regions associated with FLPA traits. A total of 97 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (48 in 2022 and 49 in 2023) were distributed across all 12 chromosomes. GWAS revealed four QTLs (qSBPP4-2, qFLW6-2, qGNPP9, and qGWPP2-3) with phenotypic variation ranging from 11.7 to 22.3%. Two genetic loci were identified as multi-trait QTLs, i.e., S04_32100268 (qFLL4-1 and qFLA4-1) and S04_11552936 (qFLW4 and qFLA4-2) during 2022 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, these loci were further utilized to analyze candidate genes, and 65 genes were predicted in the 100-kb genomic region upstream and downstream. In silico expression analysis revealed 15 genes were expressed during the reproductive stage. These genes were associated with protein kinase, heat shock transcription factor family, sugar transporter conserved site and transcription factor bHLH95- like basic helix-loop-helix domain protein, as well as those that regulate the FLPA-related traits. Os04g0631100 was identified as a potential candidate gene that is highly expressed during the endosperm development stage, and it is associated with an important sugar transporter protein that will be helpful in grain improvement.ConclusionGWAS results revealed four major and two multi-trait QTLs. Expanding their candidate genes, and expression analysis provide the genetic information for molecular improvement of the FLPA-related trait in rice breeding programs.

The Role of Community Social Capital and Collective Action in the Development of Sustainable Tourism

ABSTRACTBangelan Tourism Village in Indonesia holds significant potential as a tourist destination that delivers both economic and social benefits to the local community. This study focuses on the role of social capital as a key factor in the success of sustainable tourism development. The theoretical framework of this research centres on social capital, which includes trust, social networks and norms as essential elements that facilitate collective action between communities and the government to achieve sustainable tourism. Social capital, in its connection to sustainable tourism, enables coordination and collaboration among local stakeholders to pursue common goals. Uniquely, this study demonstrates that community‐driven collective action, supported by social capital, is more effective than government‐initiated programmes in advancing sustainable tourism in rural Indonesia, filling a gap in the existing literature. Data were collected via questionnaires from 261 heads of households in Bangelan Tourism Village and analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) partial least square (PLS) method. The results indicate that social capital, represented by trust, social networks and norms, has a strong positive influence on collective action. In turn, collective action has an even stronger impact on achieving sustainable tourism. The practical implications underscore the importance of strengthening social capital to promote active community participation in tourism management, through strategies such as community training and policies that foster mutual cooperation. This research provides a significant contribution to the literature on the relationship between social capital, collective action and sustainable tourism development, offering valuable insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen social capital in support of sustainable rural tourism.