Public Protection And Disaster Relief Networks Research Articles

A Survey on Security Approaches on PPDR Systems Toward 5G and Beyond

The present survey seeks to contribute to the existing discussion about the changing of current Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) networks (TETRA, TETRAPOL, P25, and DMR) to commercial cellular networks (4G and 5G). The availability and robustness of these commercial networks are challenging current PPDR networks and creating opportunities for a successful transition of existing systems to commercial cellular networks. Specifically, 5G networks aim to support a massive number of heterogeneous devices while providing ultra-reliable low latency communications, higher mobility, and the capability of customised support of applications via network slicing, thus providing a natural contribution to mission critical systems. This survey details the essential mission requirements of security of PPDR systems, describes the state of the art of the most used technologies and discusses their evolution to 4G and 5G cellular networks. Furthermore, it analyses future research directions that may contribute to a successful transition of current systems to the newer cellular networks.

Editorial for Wiley's IJSCN Special Issue “Satellite networks integration with 5G”

Editorial for Wiley's IJSCN Special Issue “Satellite networks integration with 5G”

5G Experimentation for Public Safety: Technologies, Facilities and Use Cases

Today, legacy PMRs continue to be the only group of tested, verified and certified technologies for the Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) sector. For the fifth generation (5G) to follow suit, substantial hands-on experimentation with functional, architectural and deployment aspects is required, and further test trials need to take place in order to inform and enable future verification and certification procedures for 5G to become a proven PPDR technology. This paper studies 5G PPDR experimentation associated with novel virtualized and cloud-native 5G technologies, architectures and deployment options, as well as feasibility studies and field performance and verifications trials involving vertical-specific 5G infrastructures and applications. Key enabling technologies, such as massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), device-to-device (D2D), network slicing and multi-access edge computing (MEC) are discussed and 5G PPDR architecture and deployment options are investigated. A dedicated 5G PPDR experimentation facility is presented, and a case study of hands-on experimentation is provided. Two distinct scenarios are discussed, i.e., emergency augmentation of the terrestrial 5G PPDR network with rapidly deployable on-site capacities in the area of a public safety incident, and availability and reliability of decision-support PPDR applications on the field. Experience with the deployment and verification insights are accompanied by the results of quality of service (QoS) and non-functional key performance indicators (KPI) assessment that were exhibited during the experiment. The experimentation outcomes confirm the ability of the facility to support emulated laboratory experimentation specifically designed to tackle 5G challenges for this particular vertical as well as field studies recreating realistic public safety operations.

Emergency 5G Communication on‐the‐Move: Concept and field trial of a mobile satellite backhaul for public protection and disaster relief

SummaryA secure and flexible communication infrastructure for the use of broadband and IP‐based services is becoming more and more important in the context of Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR). Government agencies and emergency responders need to be able to react quickly to emergencies across the globe. In particular, satellite‐based 5G mobile networks can support government agencies during their critical tasks. To support the standardization committees and the industry, it is required to evaluate new architectures for such networks by utilizing testbeds and field trials. In this article, we propose and investigate architectures for mobile PPDR networks with satellite backhaul to ensure Communication on‐the‐Move. The flexibility within the architectures comes with the distribution of the core network nodes at the edge of the network applying the Core‐Edge Split concept. The presented results show that already existing interfaces of the Evolved Packet Core 3GPP standard allow satellite‐based 5G networks tailored to the needs of government authorities.

Effect of population density and network availability on deployment of broadband PPDR mobile network service

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to define the best deployment alternatives for a public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) mobile network service – the implementation alternatives being either a dedicated network, a commercial network or a hybrid of the two network types. The selection criteria are based on the social benefits that the PPDR mobile service is expected to bring to society. The critical parameters are population density and service availability, which both directly relate to the socioeconomic benefits achieved by providing broadband (BB) mobile services in various demographic areas.Design/methodology/approachA causal loop model has been developed to define the socioeconomic benefits of the PPDR network, the parameters being population density, service availability, socioeconomic value of the service and the costs of the network. The network solution alternatives are studied using the Finnish PPDR network as a reference – analysing various areas of the country with differing population densities from remote, rural and more densely populated suburban and urban areas.FindingsSocioeconomic value is a common measure for assessing the value of governmental investments; population density has a strong impact on the optimum deployment alternatives as the socioeconomic value is directly proportional to this variable. The flat nationwide fee of the mobile users means that the users are subsidised in sparsely populated areas – and overcharged in densely populated areas. This is the main reason why the commercial network seems to be most feasible in rural areas, whereas the dedicated network works best in urban areas. Based on the case study, the commercial network is most preferable up to the point when the population density reaches 50-125 persons/km2. After that point, the dedicated network becomes more appropriate. Proposals are being made to improve the availability of the commercial networks enabling them to serve as a PPDR network: ensuring priority functionality and a protected power supply; allowing PPDR subscribers the exclusive use of one of the 700 MHz spectrum bands in restricted, critical areas; and extending use of the existing narrowband PPDR network in areas where communication availability is crucial.Originality/valueOn the one hand, the financing of BB PPDR mobile networks is an unresolved issue in many countries. On the other hand, the ability of commercial BB networks to provide better quality of service is improving, making viable the alternative to subscribe for radio service from a commercial operator. Therefore, the feasibility study on how to provide an optimum mobile BB service for PPDR organisations is of real value at this time.

Security in Transnational Interoperable PPDR Communications

The relevance of cross border security operations has been identified as a priority at European level for a long time. A European network where Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) forces share communications processes and a legal framework would greatly enforce response to disaster recovery and security against crime. Nevertheless, uncertainty on costs, timescale and functionalities have slowed down the interconnection of national PPDR networks and limited the transnational cooperation of their PPDR forces so far. Currently, the European research project ISITEP is aimed at developing the legal, operational and technical framework to achieve a cost effective solution for PPDR interoperability across European countries. Inter alia, ISITEP project is specifying a new Inter-System-Interface (ISI) for the interconnection of current TETRA and TETRAPOL networks through Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity. This approach turns communications security as a central aspect. In this context, this paper describes the framework and methodology defined to carry out the development of the security requirements for the interconnection of PPDR networks via the new IP ISI and provides a discussion on the undertaken security risk and vulnerability analysis. Furthermore, an overview of the designed security architecture solution for network interconnection is provided.

WiBro 및 LTE를 이용한 재난안전무선통신망용 셀 수량 추정

This paper calculates estimated number of cell sites to build a nationwide PPDR(Public Protection and Disaster Relief) network of WiBro and LTE technical methods through a link budget calculation, presents the efficient technical method through a comparison between the number of cell sites using WiBro and LTE. As a calculation results, the number of cell sites using WiBro method are larger than twice compared to that of LTE method on the same frequency bands, due to the differences of uplink PAPR, uplink transmission technique and SINR. On the basis of the result, LTE mothod is considered as a more effective technology than the WiBro method on the economic, technical and marketing points of views on building a nationwide network.