Public Private Innovation Networks Research Articles

Shaping markets for sustainable innovations: intermediation through a public-private innovation network

ABSTRACT Sustainable innovations have the potential to drive market systems and behaviours towards greater sustainability, yet the collective efforts of various network actors involved in shaping markets for these innovations are poorly understood. This paper examines the activities that public-private innovation network actors engage in when shaping markets for a side-stream-based sustainable innovation. A qualitative case study exploring a technological sustainable innovation that enables the valorisation and reuse of side-streams is used to illustrate the complex nature of market-shaping activities at the crossroads of different industries. The findings indicate that developing sustainable innovations and shaping markets at the intersection of traditionally separate industries require both side-stream producers and side-stream users to align and synchronise their market-shaping processes. To implement these alignments, different forms of intermediation are needed: brokering for exchange, configuring the technological system, and facilitating narrative construction. The public-private innovation network plays a key role in this intermediation by bringing together various actors, connecting their activities, and reconciling divergent perspectives. Our study contributes to a better understanding of market-shaping in a networked, multi-industry setting and the importance of intermediation through public-private innovation networks.

Actor roles and public–private interaction in transitioning networks: the case of geofencing for urban freight transport in Sweden

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate actor roles and public–private interactions in networks. Role dynamics are explored in two settings: the current development network and the future implementation network to which actors are transitioning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on the industrial marketing and purchasing approach to business markets and uses a qualitative methodology. A case study of a network developing geofencing applications in the context of sustainable transport was used. The main source of data was interviews with 26 respondents from public and private organizations.FindingsRoles in development and implementation of geofencing are identified, where private and public actors may take on one or several roles in the developing setting. When transitioning to the implementation setting, the expectations of public actors vary and there is ambiguity over their roles, which range from active to inactive. This detailed empirical case study shows the complexity of multi-actor involvement when developing digital technology for the transport system.Research limitations/implicationsThe study highlights the transition from firm-centric innovation to network-centric innovation and its implications on actor roles.Practical implicationsOrganizations participating in public–private innovation networks need to be aware of the multiple roles public organizations play and the complexities they face.Originality/valueThe paper explores role dynamics within and between the development and implementation settings of geofencing. Within the current development setting, roles are identified at different organizational levels with limited change in role dynamics. When transitioning to a new setting, actors’ role dynamics may range from “limited” to “path-breaking.” In future settings, actors enter and exit networks and their roles may change dramatically.

Public-private innovation networks in services: Revisiting PPPs with servitization

This article investigates to what extent and how public-private innovation networks in services (PPINSs) can provide an original understanding of servitization-based innovations in ecosystems. To do this, we examined the biopharmaceutical industry in the Ile-de-France region in north-central France. We performed a longitudinal study from 2005 to 2016, building on structural holes and personal network efficiency methodology. Our results confirm the centrality of public actors in structuring and diffusing knowledge within a PPINS; the role of structural holes in controlling and filtering transferred knowledge, the main beneficiaries of which are private actors; and finally, the evolution and development of the PPINS around these central private/public actors. The network reveals that product-service innovation in the sector would be difficult to achieve without complex private/public interdependencies (knowledge, big data, logistics, digital therapies, etc.). Our paper also stresses on the need to move forward the public economic model from a public service into an innovative service to the public.

Method of improving the performance of public-private innovation networks by linking heterogeneous DBs: Prediction using ensemble and PPDM models

Due to the complexity of the innovation process and intensifying competition, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have increased their participation in public-private innovation networks (PPINs). This study used both inference and prediction models by linking two heterogeneous databases (DBs), consisting of the responses of 1,439 manufacturing SMEs to the Korean Innovation Survey and the financial information of approximately 119,890 companies. In the inference model, we analyzed the determinants that affect the business performance and R&D investment performance of SMEs in PPINs, using generalized linear models. The prediction model utilized a machine learning based ensemble model and the method of linking heterogeneous DBs based on privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM). The findings of this study indicate that while PPINs do not have a significant effect on business performance, they do have a positive correlation to R&D investment. This study also proposes two prediction models for forecasting increases in R&D investment by SMEs, which is considered to be an indicator of PPIN performance. These two models can be respectively used in cases where the features of the companies targeted for prediction can be known in advance and in cases where the features are unknown.

Towards a servitization of innovation networks: a mapping

ABSTRACT This article is dedicated to a consideration of the tertiarization of innovation networks. While the concept of traditional innovation network has been the object of an extensive literature, new expressions of the innovation network appear in a service economy: in particular Public Private Innovation Networks in Services, Market Service Innovation Networks, Public Service Innovation Networks and Public Service Innovation Networks for Social Innovation. They reflect the rise of market and non-market services and of the public-private relationship in collaborative innovation. Based on a literature survey, this article investigates these different expressions of innovation networks and sheds light on the different roles played by public services in each of them.

Co-Benefits Indicators for Carbon Market: Contributions to Service Innovation in the Solid Waste Sector

The paper addresses the issue of verifying the outcomes of using the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in landfills focusing on service innovations in the urban solid waste sector. Our research focuses on the São Paulo Metropolitan Area considering two CDM landfill projects: Bandeirantes, a public project and Caieiras, a private project. Indicators are proposed to evaluate the social and environmental outcomes that can be generated from CDM landfills, organized into five themes: participation, stakeholder interaction, benefits, environmental quality monitoring and gas emissions monitoring. Data, collected by applying indicators, are organized and analyzed based on two complementary theoretical frameworks: The characteristics-based model and the public-private innovation networks in services (ServPPIN) concept. The results highlights a gap in the access to CDM projects and the participation of stakeholders, and benefits related to the CDM projects implementation, corroborating to the relevance of the development of indicators based on interdisciplinary and multi-agent approaches which take into account the different stakeholders.JEL Codes: Q560, Q540, Q530

Technological Public–Private Innovation Networks: A Conceptual Framework Describing Their Structure and Mechanism of Interaction

IntroductionThe last 20 years have witnessed different forms of collaborative relationships that have been theorized, for example, in terms of innovation systems, innovation networks, and innovation clusters (e.g., Edquist, 1997; Freeman, 1987, 1995; Hamdouch, 2009; Lundvall, 1992; Nelson, 1993). Recently, collaboration between public and private actors has extended from

Technological Public–Private Innovation Networks: A Conceptual Framework Describing Their Structure and Mechanism of Interaction

Technological Public–Private Innovation Networks: A Conceptual Framework Describing Their Structure and Mechanism of Interaction

Innovation in brazilian landfills: a servppin perspective

This paper is devoted to the discussion of innovation promotion in urban solid waste services through Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) projects, emphasizing the participation of civil society. The empirical context is based on the municipal solid waste sector in Brazil, taking into account six landfill CDM projects located in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area. The discussion is based on the ServPPIN concept (public-private innovation networks in services). It focuses on the characterization of the landfills selected and on the identification of the stakeholders involved with these landfills, pointing out any participation gaps. The studied context confirms the centrality of multi-agent participation, addressed by the ServPPIN analytical approach, highlighting the wide involvement of several agents, and in particular, the issue of interaction with users. The results indicate that the participation of associations and cooperatives surrounding landfills is still marginal. Bringing this theoretical (ServPPIN) and empirical research (landfill CDM project) together, one can identify a relevant factor affecting the establishment of basic conditions for service innovation converging with the local co-benefits generation: a weak interaction with users.

Innovation in services related to public policies to reduce greenhouse gases: the clean development mechanism in landfills

This article analyzes the constraints on innovating public services in the context of the clean development mechanism (CDM). We use two methodological procedures: First, the public-private innovation networks in services (ServPPIN) concept is used to identify the stakeholders involved in the CDM projects in Sao Paulo, Brazil (Bandeirantes and Sao Joao landfills); the second procedure is carried out by adapting the social carbon methodology (SCM) indicators. SCM is a specific instrument used to evaluate the social and environmental co-benefits of carbon market projects. The proposed indicators were presented to and discussed with the stakeholders. The use of evaluation indicators facilitates the recognition that opportunities for service innovation are related to the establishment of new institutional and organizational arrangements. These new arrangements involve municipal governments, concession-holders, and the communities surrounding the landfills. In order to attain positive results they have to be able to work together, thus making the best use of their combined potentials.JEL Codes: O33, Q52, Q55, Q56

Open Service Innovation in Smart Cities: A Framework for Exploring Innovation Networks in the Development of New City Services

The paper presents a multi-dimensional framework for exploring the drivers, structure and dynamics of public-private service innovation networks in the smart city context and their innovation outcomes at the project, network and city levels. The framework provides a conceptual contribution to the increasingly relevant issue of open innovation in smart cities by leveraging the interpretive potential of the open service innovation perspective, namely the concept of Public Private Innovation Networks in Services (ServPPINs), to advance the understanding of complex interactive structures and processes involved in the development of new services for smart users.

Public-Private Innovation Networks in Services edited by Faiz Gallouj, Luis Rubalcaba and Paul Windrum

As the title indicates, this book is an edited collection (one of the first, I might add) on the topic of innovation networks that target service provision spanning and incorporating public and private sectors. Referred to by the rather ungainly acronym ServPPIN, this study arises from the increasing recognition of the motivation to innovate in public sector organizations. A fact, the editors suggest, that has escaped the attention of much of the literature on innovation, influenced as it has been by deep-seated industrial, market-oriented, technological biases (p. 10). They suggest that paying attention to the presence of public–private innovation in service provision, would not only rectify this bias but could also be an indicator of the expanding role that innovation would come to occupy in the modern knowledge society. While the book goes to some length to conceptualize and theorize the novelty of ServPPINs in service provision, it should be noted that this book is a direct outcome of the EU-funded ServPPIN project that focused on its development in the context of the EU. It needs to be borne in mind that the conceptualization, empirical evaluation of the several cases, and its policy relevance are to some extent EU-centric. A non-EU reader may therefore have to take some trouble in evaluating the potential relevance of ServPPINs for their native political and economic context. There are few guides in the book (aside from Chapter 7) that offer connections to a non-EU context.

ICT-enabled system innovations in public services: Experiences from intelligent transport systems

Public transport is confronted with major challenges such as climate change and congestion. This paper discusses how these major challenges are addressed by means of ICT-enabled system innovations in public services. Recent developments in ICT enable the realisation of novel solutions for public transport that can be subsumed under the headline of intelligent transport systems (ITS). However, while the advances in information and communication technology are very fast, the transformation of transport systems and infrastructures tends to take a long time. In parallel, public sector reforms of the past decade, often characterised by the introduction of New Public Management principles, have changed the organisational and institutional conditions for transport service provision and innovation, with the private sector playing an increasingly prominent role. Public–private innovation networks in services (ServPPINs) have been suggested as a concept to foster the realisation of system innovations.This paper analyses the conditions, determinants and instruments for managing ServPPINs successfully, by comparing four cases of ServPPINs in intelligent transport systems, which all aim at establishing system innovations. The four cases are: ITS Vienna Region, a dynamic intermodal traffic information service; compano, a novel ride-sharing scheme in Austria; SIS, a real-time traffic information services, displays and management system in Oslo; and Flexus, an electronic ticket system for public transportation in Oslo.The paper shows the importance of organisational and institutional conditions of ServPPINs for realising these system innovations, and the crucial role of entrepreneurial individuals, both in public and private sector organisations. It also points to the importance of making clear strategic choices at the right moments in time in the course of the life-cycle of ServPPINs.

Public-private innovation networks and innovation activities in French service firms

Using firm-level data provided by the 4th Community Innovation Survey (CIS4), this paper measures the effect of cooperation on innovation in French service firms. It distinguishes between the effects of two types of cooperation or innovation networks (INs): public-private innovation networks and private-private innovation networks. The empirical evidence presented shows that extended public-private INs (in which service firms cooperate not only with public but also with private actors) seem to be more efficient than strict public-private INs as regards product, organizational and market innovation. Private-private INs for their part seem to be more efficient in the case of process innovation.JEL Codes: L8, O3, C1