Public Premises Research Articles

Очистка торфяных грунтовых вод методом ультрафильтрации и ионного обмена

Purpose: assessing the effectiveness of peat groundwater purification using a combination of two methods of ultrafiltration and membrane purification. Identify specific characteristics of the composition of peat or groundwater, determine possible possible methods of treating these waters to ensure compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684–21 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the maintenance of territories of urban and rural settlements, for water bodies, drinking water and drinking water supply to the population, atmospheric air, soil, residential premises, operation of industrial and public premises, organization and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures” to the quality of drinking water. Determine the list of composition indicators that require cleaning. Conduct an assessment of wastewater treatment methods used to treat peat groundwater. Togo, Conduct research on the composition of purified groundwater before and after treatment, determine the effectiveness of the treatment methods used according to various indicators. Determination of the concentrations of groundwater composition components was carried out using approved methods in accordance with GOST R 57164-2010 clause 5; GOST R 57164-2010 clause 6; PND F 14.1:2:4.207-04; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.121-97; PND F 14.1:2:4.114-97; GOST 31594-2012 Method A; PND F 14.1:2:4.50-96; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.111-97; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.111- 97; PND F 14.1.2:3.154-99; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.123-97; GOST 31859-2012; PND F 14.1.2:3:4.4-95; GOST 31940-2012 clause 6; PND F 14.1.2:4.178-02; PND F 14.1.2:4.214-06. An analysis of the results of laboratory studies of the composition of peat groundwater before and after treatment was carried out, and the effectiveness of ultrafiltration and membrane water purification methods was determined. The results of studies of the effectiveness of purification of peat groundwater using ultrafiltration and membrane purification methods show that purified groundwater meets the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the quality of drinking and domestic water supply established by SanPiN 2.1.3684-21. Practical significance: the results obtained from studies of the effectiveness of peat groundwater treatment using ultrafiltration and membrane treatment methods indicate the possibility of using these methods, because they ensure that water quality meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.3684-21.

Building a baby-friendly community: Development, strategy, implementation and evaluation of a BFCI program.

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the use of baby-friendly community initiative (BFCI) model on various stakeholders in the community. Quasi-experimental research design. The study was conducted in public premises and online workshops from April 2019 to September 2022. Participants were followed up for a period of 1 month, except for those employed at public premises. The program involved training based on an accredited BFCI framework to cultivate a breastfeeding-friendly attitude and knowledge. A paired sample t-test was used to examine breastfeeding attitude and knowledge scores before and after BFCI training among staff employed from public premises. An analysis of variance was conducted to examine the breastfeeding self-efficacy and attitude scores, measured repeatedly at different timepoints over 1-month timepoint (T0, T1 and T2) among pregnant and postpartum women. A total of 2340 perinatal women and 1339 staff from public premises were recruited. For staff, there was an increase in the mean score of breastfeeding knowledge and attitude by 5.8 and 6.1, respectively, at T1. Similarly, for perinatal women, there was an increase in the mean score of breastfeeding self-efficacy and attitude by 6.6 and 3.3, respectively, at T1. In summary, a BFCI model, with active community participation, accreditation and an award system, has been effective in promoting breastfeeding. Adapting the baby-friendly hospital initiative to local contexts and employing a social theory model can enhance breastfeeding promotion and improve infant health outcomes. Prioritizing culturally sensitive breastfeeding education is crucial for successful BFCI implementation. Healthcare professionals should consider clients' culture and socio-economic backgrounds when providing breastfeeding education to maximize effectiveness. The target audience for breastfeeding education should be expanded to include various community stakeholders beyond families. What problem did the study address? This study addressed the problem of knowledge gaps among stakeholders in building a breastfeeding-friendly community, particularly in implementing a baby-friendly community initiative (BFCI) as part of a baby-friendly hospital initiative (BFHI). The research filled a service gap by providing effective interventions targeting community stakeholders and assessing the impact of a BFCI program on their knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding. What were the main findings? The findings highlighted the effectiveness of a BFCI program in enhancing breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among frontline staff and increasing breastfeeding confidence among mothers. These findings contribute to the understanding of the program's impact on different stakeholders in the community. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? It impacts on global policymakers by providing insights for developing comprehensive guidelines for future BFCI implementations. It also contributes to the creation of a more baby-friendly community, benefiting breastfeeding families and their infants by promoting and supporting breastfeeding families. This study has adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines using the TREND reporting guideline. No patient or public contribution. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: This study provides an overview of the establishment of a localized BFCI program. It also opens up a new direction for the community to investigate BFCI strategies for community stakeholders. It also provides evidence to support other countries in following a similar process, as each country approaches becoming breastfeeding-friendly in its own unique way. No protocol.

Rental housing. Analysis of the modern normative base

The article examines the problem of providing housing in Ukraine at the present time. The formation of a civilized rental housing market is considered an effective way to solve the problem of providing citizens with a sufficient amount of housing. An analysis of the modern regulatory framework for determining the functional affiliation of temporary accommodation facilities was carried out. Features and differences in the design of public buildings (hotels with apartments) and residential buildings are defined. Considered issues of regulatory restrictions for creating rental housing: determining the time of insolation for these apartments; determination of the maximum level of building density of rental buildings; determining the possibility of integrating public infrastructure for service into such buildings. There was a need to create a new, socially effective mechanism that would allow middle-income citizens to rent housing and improve their quality of life. Currently, the Law of Ukraine "On Rental Housing" has been developed and adopted in the first reading. According to the draft of this Law, rental housing can be located both in separate buildings and as part of multifunctional complexes. At the same time, such typological units may be included in the composition of such complexes (except for rental housing (residential apartments)), such as hotels, office premises, restaurants, cafes, commercial premises and other public premises. According to world practice, various functions in such complexes are usually distributed by height, with placement on different groups of floors. So, for example, there is a hotel on the lower floors, and residential apartments on the upper floors. At the same time, in this case, such residential apartments belong to the profitable (commercial) class. However, at present, the regulatory framework of Ukraine does not define such a typological variety as "Rental housing". Although the functional affiliation of various types of establishments for temporary accommodation of the population, such as "hotel apartments", "apart-hotels" and others, is currently defined in sufficient detail. So, in addition to legislative standardization, there is currently a task to include such type of buildings as rental residential buildings in the regulatory framework of Ukraine.

An unintended consequence of COVID-19 immunity passports-quasi-experimental evidence of moral hazard observed after implementing the domestic Green Pass policy during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

Amidst the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Italian policymakers mandated to exhibit evidence of vaccination or immunity (the Green Pass) as a condition to access retail premises and public offices. This study aims to offer evidence, in a quasi-experimental setting, suggesting that an unintended consequence of this policy was the emergence of moral hazard. Google visit duration data measured the time customers typically spend on retail premises or public offices. A pairwise comparison of median visit time per premise was performed at a six-week interval before and after the introduction of the Green Pass. This study is the first to provide evidence of "ex-post" moral hazard associated with introducing a domestic Green Pass policy. The median visiting time on premises that required digital immunity control significantly increased after introducing the domestic Green Pass policy, contrary to other public premises where access remained free of limitations. The increase in median visit time in premises with faster customer turnaround, such as coffee shops (+49%) and fast-food restaurants (+45%), was lower than the increase observed for fine-dining restaurants (+74%) and pizzerias (+163%). No significant increase in median visit time was observed in premises where the Green Pass was not required, such as food supermarkets, retail non-food shops, post offices, banks, pharmacies, and gas stations. The evidence of moral hazard highlights the critical issue of unintended consequences stemming from public health policies. This discovery is pivotal for policymakers, indicating that unforeseen behavioral adjustments could offset the intended benefits despite the intent to reduce risk through measures like the Green Pass.

Объемная активность радона-222 в воздухе помещений города Тобольска и прилегающих районов

This paper presents preliminary results of quasi-integral measurements of the average for 4 days volumetric activity of radon-222 in the indoor air of residential and public buildings of Tobolsk city and adjacent districts – Tobolsk, Vagaysky, Uvatsky, obtained for March – August 2023.The lowest level of volumetric activity of radon-222 was found in residential nine-storey buildings of the Soviet period (years of construction: 1970–1990) up to 20 Bq/m3. Exceeding the level of volumetric activity of radon-222 over 400 Bq/m3 was not revealed in the studied residential and public premises of Tobolsk and adjacent districts – Tobolsk, Vagai and Uvat. The distribution of values of average for 4 days volumetric activity of radon-222 in the air of premises of Tobolsk city and adjacent districts, as well as in subfloors and basement floors is not normal, as p<0,01. The distribution of values of average for 4 days volumetric activity of radon-222 obtained in residential and public premises is visually insufficiently coincided with lognormal, as there are values more than 200 Bq/m3, which agrees with the data of other researchers. In the investigated wooden dwelling houses the presence of a basement and lack of air exchange creates conditions for accumulation of radon-222 in the air, the presence of vents in the foundation prevents accumulation of radon-222 in living rooms.

Enhancing the Efficiency of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations Based on Novel Fuzzy Integer Linear Programming

The electric vehicles (EVs) charging stations (CSs) at public premises have higher installation and power consumption costs. The potential benefits of public CSs rely on their efficient utilization. However, the conventional charging methods obligate a long waiting time and thereby deteriorate their efficiency with low utilization. This paper suggests a novel fuzzy integer linear programming and a heuristic fuzzy inference approach (FIA) for CSs utilization. The model introduces the underlying fuzzy inference system and a detailed formulation for obtaining the optimal solution. The developed fuzzy inference incorporates the uncertain and independent available power, required state-of-charge, and dwell time from the power grid and EVs domains and correlates them into weighted control variables. The FIA automates the service provision for the EVs with the most urgent requirements by resolving the objective function utilizing the weighted control variables, thereby optimizing the waiting time and the CSs utilization. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed FIA, several case studies were conducted, corresponding to different parking capacities and installations of CSs. Moreover, the simulations were conducted on EVs with varying battery capacities, and their performance was evaluated based on several metrics, including average waiting time, utilization of CSs, fairness, and execution time. The simulation results have confirmed that the effectiveness of the proposed FIA scheduling method is considerably higher than that of the other methods discussed.

Situated drinking: The association between eating and alcohol consumption in Great Britain.

Aims: This paper examines the co-occurrence of drinking alcohol and eating in Great Britain. Applying a practice-theoretical framework, it attends primarily to the nature and characteristics of events - to social situations. It asks whether drinking events involving food are significantly different from those without, whether differences are the same at home as on commercial public premises, and whether differences are the same for men and women. The focus is especially on episodes of drinking with meals at home, an infrequently explored context for a substantial proportion of contemporary alcohol consumption. Data: Employing a secondary analysis of commercial data about the British population in 2016, we examine reports of 47,645 drinking events, on commercial premises and at other locations, to explore how eating food and consumption of alcoholic beverages affect one another. Three types of event are compared - drinking with meals, with snacks, and without any food. Variables describing situations include group size and composition, temporal and spatial parameters, beverages, purposes, and simultaneous activities. Basic sociodemographic characteristics of respondents are also examined, with a special focus on the effects of gender. Results: Behaviours differ between settings. The presence of food at a drinking episode is associated with different patterns of participation, orientations, and quantities and types of beverage consumed. Gender, age, and class differences are apparent. Conclusions: Patterns of alcohol consumption are significantly affected by the accompaniment of food. This is a much-neglected topic that would benefit from further comparative and time series studies to determine the consequences for behaviour and intervention.

НОВІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ У ФОРМУВАННІ СУЧАСНОГО ОБРАЗУ БАГАТОПОВЕРХОВОГО ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДИНКУ

The article is devoted to a thematic study of new directions in the design of multistorey residential complexes. The factors affecting the conceptual and design decisions of architects are analyzed. The article provides examples of the most famous multistorey residential complexes built recently in different countries. The most famous building is the residential complex. «Interlacing» in Singapore. The project uses the principle of intersection of individual and public spaces in both horizontal and vertical directions. The author of the project abandoned the traditional vertical development scheme for Singapore, resulting in a unique example of a modern urban approach to housing design and organization of the natural environment. The second considered example of high-rise housing is the «Beirut Terraces» complex. The building is designed as a high-rise «shelf» at different levels of which there are apartments of different terraces that form the main artistic accent of the entire building. The building fits well into the surrounding dense urban development, while demonstrating the achievements of modern building technologies. The third example is the «Vancouver House», a multistorey residential complex with public premises on the first floors. structure, which fits into the so-called “parametrism” style, which has become especially relevant recently. The solution of the main building of the complex is interesting, especially its “anti-gravity” silhouette image. To create it, an internal cable-stayed system with vertically stretched metal cables was used. Multistorey residential buildings successfully solve the problem of compaction of residential development and increase the efficiency of the use of free territories, create economic prerequisites for organizing public spaces in the immediate vicinity of housing, which significantly increases the comfort and prestige of living in these complexes.

Innovative solution using ion-electronic technology to purify the air from pathogenic microflora and create comfortable living conditions for humans

According to the Federal State Statistics Service regarding respiratory diseases in Krasnoyarsk Krai, the increase in this indicator was 6% over the five years, and the increase in oncologic diseases was 4% over the same period. Polluted air is one of the leading causes of the increased incidence. The paper aims to find ways to clean indoor air using ion-electronic technology and bring the microclimate parameters to optimal values in cold and warm seasons. Experimental and theoretical studies substantiated the possibility of developing a device capable of creating and maintaining an air environment in closed premises, close in terms of indicators to the healthy air of ecologically clean regions. The device can have different performance and can be used in domestic, industrial, and public premises. Depending on the mode of operation and purpose, this device can be both stationary and mobile. Fine dust cannot be removed from the room even if the air exchange rate is increased by 200 and 400 times. It has been experimentally proven that ion-electronic technology and volatile matter of woody plants remove dust to achieve a clean room. This concept formed the basis for developing a device using nanotechnology combined with the volatile matter of woody plants. The dependences of the influence of artificial ionization of air and volatile matter of woody plants on reducing the amount of fine dust and pathogenic microflora are theoretically substantiated. The air purified in this way maintains immunity and reduces the incidence of respiratory diseases, which has been proven experimentally based on a prototype of the developed device.

COVID-19 Omicron variant - Time for airborne precautions

Genetic mutations in SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in variants with more transmissibility and partial resistance to COVID-19 vaccines, as seen in the recently classified variant of concern (VOC) “Omicron”. The rapid spread has raised concerns about Omicron being airborne, which leads to a high risk of contamination in public premises, particularly among the frontline healthcare workers. Mandatory usage of protective face masks and respirators is highly recommended in order to break the chain of transmission. Furthermore, health authorities need to reassess the modes of transmission of VOCs and provide updated guidelines to the general public for its prevention.

Гігієнічно-епідеміологічна оцінка мікологічної контамінації повітря житлових та громадських приміщень

Objective: analysis of microbiological contamination of air in residential and public premises and determination of the content of mold fungi. Materials and methods: Saml'air Lite, manufactured by AES CHEMUNEX, France, was used to examine the indoor air (60) and public (63) for microbiological indicators (number of fungi and bacteria). Nutrient media were used: dense nutrient medium nutrient agar and dense nutrient medium Saburo agar with glucose and chloramphenicol. The obtained arithmetic mean number of colonies in each room was counted per 1 m3 of air. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the program STATISTICA 8, Microsoft Exel. Results: Microbiological, including mycological, indoor air contamination was studied. An average of 205 CFU/m3 of microscopic fungi and 1,073 CFU/m3 of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) were isolated in residential premises without visible signs of biodamage, which was 8,9 times and 2,5 times less respectively than in rooms with bio-damage, where the number of microscopic fungi was 1824 CFU/ m3, and QMAFAnM - 2730 CFU/m3. It was found that the air in the premises of the surveyed children's institutions in 45,7% of cases was classified as "conditionally clean" (from 200 to 500 CFU / m3 of molds), the air "heavily polluted" was attributed to 40,0%. In office premises, 61,5% was classified as "conditionally clean" in terms of the level of mold contamination. In the air environment of "infected apartments" the presence of the number of fungi: Aspergillus srp. 7.3 times (from 11 ± 1 to 80 ± 3 CFU / m3), Cladosporium spp. – 18,9 times (from 28 ± 3 to 530 ± 24 CFU / m3), Penicillium spp. - 5.2 times (from 212 ± 14 to 1100 ± 80 CFU / m3), Mucor spr. – 5,4 times (from 13 ± 2 to 70 ± 4 CFU / m3), Acremonium spp. – 4,8 times (from 25 ± 3 to 120 ± 10 CFU / m3) and Fusarium cpp. – 4,3 times (from 21 ± 1 to 90 ± 5 CFU / m3) compared to premises without visible signs of microscopic contamination. Conclusion. According to the results of research, it was found that in the air of residential and public premises exceeded the safe level of mold in 40% of cases.

A mixed-methods study on the association of six-month predominant breastfeeding with socioecological factors and COVID-19 among experienced breastfeeding women in Hong Kong

BackgroundIn the past decade, various breastfeeding policies were implemented in Hong Kong, including changes in perinatal guidelines in public hospitals, adoption of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), provision of guidelines for the marketing of formula milk, penalisation of discrimination towards breastfeeding, and extension of the statutory maternity leave. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges and opportunities to breastfeeding practices. Infection control measures in public hospitals included the cancellation of antenatal classes, hospital tours, and postnatal classes; suspension of perinatal visiting periods; and compulsory separation of COVID-19 positive mothers from newborns. In addition, work-from-home policies were widely implemented. This study aimed to identify the associated factors of six-month predominant breastfeeding (PBF), and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding practice.MethodsThis study was conducted from 1 March 2021 to 7 April 2021 using a mixed-methods approach. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to members of breastfeeding or parenting groups who have had breastfeeding experience in the past 10 yrs. Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with six-month PBF both in general and during the pandemic period. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using an inductive approach.ResultsThe study included 793 participants. Giving birth in a public hospital (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.46, 3.34) and breastfeeding support from family and friends (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.05, 1.57) were significantly associated with six-month PBF, even during COVID-19. Factors associated with the self-rated impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding include working from home, the perceived immunological benefits of breastfeeding, and the wish to avoid breastfeeding or expressing breast milk in public premises. Furthermore, breastfeeding practice in public hospitals was more likely to be affected by the busyness of staff, while private hospitals had worse rooming-in practices and staff who had inadequate breastfeeding knowledge.ConclusionsGiving birth in a public hospital and having breastfeeding support from family and friends were associated with six-month PBF. Furthermore, COVID-19 in Hong Kong had an overall positive impact on six-month PBF. Further studies should investigate the impact of hospital practices and the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding behaviours.

Increased airborne transmission of COVID-19 with new variants, implications for health policies

New COVID-19 variants, either of higher viral load such as delta or higher contagiousness like omicron, can lead to higher airborne transmission than historical strains. This paper highlights their implications for health policies, based on a clear analytical understanding and modeling of the airborne contamination paths, of the dose following exposure, and the importance of the counting unit for pathogens, itself linked to the dose-response law. Using the counting unit of Wells, i.e. the quantum of contagium, we develop the conservation equation of quanta which allows deriving the value of the quantum concentration at steady state for a well-mixed room. The link with the monitoring concentration of carbon dioxide is made and used for a risk analysis of a variety of situations for which we collected CO2 time-series observations. The main conclusions of these observations are that 1) the present norms of ventilation, are both insufficient and not respected, especially in a variety of public premises, leading to high risk of contamination and that 2) air can often be considered well-mixed. Finally, we insist that public health policy in the field of airborne transmission should be based on a multi parameter analysis such as the time of exposure, the quantum production rate, mask wearing and the infector proportion in the population in order to evaluate the risk, considering the whole complexity of dose evaluation. Recognizing airborne transmission requires thinking in terms of time of exposure rather than in terms of proximal distance.

Housing Society Management

Abstract: Hоusing sосiety mаnаgement рlаys а signifiсаnt rоle in оur residentiаl life. Оur dаy-tо-dаy needs suсh аs wаter suррly, eleсtriсity, seсurity, аnd mаintenаnсe соme under hоusing sосiety mаnаgement. This framework exists fоr the рurроse tо helр аnd eаse оur life yet hаs mаny trаditiоnаl methоds аnd а lоt оf рарerwоrk. Оur рrороsed framework is аn аndrоid аррliсаtiоn thаt will соmрuterize аll dаy-tо-dаy орerаtiоns in sосiety. This framework is аn аutоmаted framework thаt will keeр the detаils оf dаily nоtiсes, mоnthly gatherings, сulturаl occasions аnd аlsо соntаins seсtiоns suсh аs соmрliаnt, dоmestiс helр, саlendаr, etс Lodging social orders are a large obligation to form due. With theirsizes expanding consistently to require structure like incorporated municipalities, overseeing them has become assignment of its own.Today‟s current culture needs a far present day declare its legitimate administration, which might supplant the human endeavors. Any Co- usable Society or Housing Society need a controversy free and productive society the executives framework for handling its everyday exercises. Society the board framework has not exclusively to manage its grumblings yet has to be careful for any remaining office and exercises under the overall public premises. Consequently taking assistance of society the board programming causes us to be happy. This framework exists for the explanation to assist and facilitate our life yet have numerous conventional strategies and parcel of desk work. Our proposed framework is an android application which is able to automatemost of the everyday activities within the general public. This framework may be a mechanized framework which can keep the subtleties of day to day sees, month to month gatherings, far-reaching developments and furthermore contains segments, for instance, consistent, part information, and so on

Difference in clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients before and after emergence of P.1

BackgroundThe P.1 variant is a Variant of Concern announced by the WHO. The present work aimed to characterize the clinical features of pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 before and after the emergence of P.1.MethodsThis is a cohort study. Data of symptomatic patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 by PCR tests registered in Painel COVID-19 Amazonas were analyzed.ResultsA total of 4080 symptomatic pediatric patients were identified in the database between March 2020 and July 2021, of which 1654 were categorized as pre-P.1 and 978 as P.1-dominant cases, based on the prevalence of P.1 of >90% in the North Region, Brazil. Lower case-fatality rate was observed in non-infants infected during the P.1-dominant period (0.9% vs. 2.2%). In general, patients infected during the P.1-dominant period had less fever (70.8% vs. 74.2%) and less lower respiratory tract symptoms (respiratory distress: 11.8% vs. 18.9%, dyspnea: 27.9% vs. 34.5%) yet higher prevalence of neurological symptoms, headache for example (42.8% vs. 5.9%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of symptoms of COVID-19 can differ across different periods of variant dominance. Lower prevalence of fever during the P.1-dominant period may reduce the effectiveness of symptom-based screening in public premises where laboratory diagnostic tests are not available.ImpactThe prevalence rate of symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection can differ among different variants.The present work documents the difference in the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 in patients aged below 18 years before and after the emergence of P.1, the first study of its kind.Unlike previous studies that focus solely on hospitalized cases, the present work considers both mild and severe cases.While non-infants had a lower fatality rate, lower prevalence of fever associated with the emergence of P.1 may reduce the effectiveness of symptom-based screening in public premises where laboratory diagnostic tests are not available.

Analysis of the actual electrical loads of public premises embedded in residential buildings

THE PURPOSE. With the help of data from smart electricity meters, an analysis of the profiles of electrical loads of commercial organizations that are part of apartment buildings was carried out. The results obtained are compared with their current standard values. New values of specific electrical loads for public premises are considered: pharmacies, grocery and manufactured goods stores, catering establishments, office premises.METHODS. Half-hour load profiles were obtained from intelligent electricity metering devices installed directly at the objects under study, data transmission was carried out by an automated electricity metering system. The observation intervals were several tens of days. To process the experimentally obtained data, statistical methods for the analysis of electrical loads were used.RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, presents the profiles of electrical loads of public premises with the highlighting of characteristic features separately for each group of electricity consumers. New specific design electrical loads are considered, including an analysis in comparison with existing standards.CONCLUSION. The calculated values of electrical power in order to ensure technological connection for public premises, including social and cultural facilities, must be updated, since today there is a significant difference between the actual and calculated according to regulatory documents electrical loads. Updating the specific design electrical loads of public premises will reduce the locked capacity of these facilities, at the same time reduce the cost of technological connection, thereby increasing the rating of the investment climate in the region.

Review of analytical methods for lead determination in paints and varnishes

Introduction. The draft Technical Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union “On the Safety of Paint and Varnish Materials” establishes the lead content in paint and varnish materials for interior and exterior surfaces of residential and (or) public premises, furniture products, playgrounds, products for children and adolescents, attractions, products in contact with food, and used for water treatment equipment at a level not exceeding 0,009% of the total weight of non-volatile chemicals with a transition period of 60 months. Current GOST R 50279.10-92 (ISO 6503-84) (GOST R 50279.10-92 (ISO 6503-84). Paints and varnishes. Methods for determination of metal content. Determination of total lead content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry method) and GOST R 50279.3-92 (ISO 3856/1-84) (GOST R 50279.3-92 (ISO 3856/1-84). Paints and varnishes. Methods for determination of metal content. Determination of “dissolved” lead content. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry and dithizone spectrophotometric method) with detection limits of lead at 0,01% (by weight) do not provide the required sensitivity, and therefore it becomes necessary to develop and approve in accordance with the established procedure an analytical method for lead determination in paint and varnish materials at the level of 0,0045% of the total weight of non-volatile chemicals (1/2 of the established standard). Materials and methods. Documents, guidelines and webinars of the Eurasian Economic Union, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Environment Program, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), manufacturers of analytical equipment (26 sources in total) were used in the preparation of the review. Results and discussions. The review presents the most common methods for lead determination in paints and varnishes, indicating their characteristics, advantages and limitations: flame atomic absorption spectrometry; atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization; atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Conclusion. A systematic analysis of the methods for lead determination in paints and varnishes existing in domestic and foreign practice, taking into account the lower detection limit, as well as the costs of consumables and equipment maintenance, allows to identify three methods that are of interest in terms of developing guidelines: atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization; atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma; high-resolution X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

Monitoring and management ion concentrations in the air of industrial and public premises

This paper reports a substantiated method and a designed device for controlling the concentrations of air ions in premises in accordance with the European standards SBM 2015. The use of an ultrasonic humidifier with a capacity of 25 W for two hours increases the concentration of negative ions around the device from 240 to 560 cm-3, positive ones ‒ from 260 to 410 cm-3. The intensity of the electrostatic field of a polymeric coating decreases from 5.1 to 0.2 kV/m. The disadvantage of the humidifier is a small radius of influence (1.0–1.5 m) and the inability to control the polarity of ions. It has been experimentally established that air cooling systems (split systems) deionize the air of the premises. Degrees of deionization and dominating polarity are unpredictable and different for devices of different manufacturers and brands. To control the ion composition of the air simultaneously with the maintenance of normative relative humidity and stresses of static fields, the structure was proposed and the effectiveness of a bipolar ultrasonic air ionizer with adjusted performance and dominating polarity has been tested. The maximum productivity of the ionizer is 4,000–5,000 cm-3. The radius of exposure is 5 m (reducing the concentration of ions with a distance to 500 cm-3). To pass the ionized air through an air capacitor, the number and predominant polarity of air ions are regulated by the polarity and voltage on the covers of the capacitor. It was established that in order to service a room with an area of 50 m2, an ultrasonic emitter with a capacity of 25 W would suffice. The adjustability of the device performance makes it possible to reduce or increase the service area. The ability to purify air from suspended particles is shown. During the two hours of operation of the ionizer, the dust content decreased from 4.3–4.4 mg/m3 to 1.4–1.6 mg/m3.

Indoor Air Radon Concentration in Premises of Public Companies and Workplaces in Latvia.

Considering the multitudes of people who spend their time working indoors in public premises and workplaces, it is worth knowing what their level of exposure is to natural radioactive radon gas, the second most widespread and dangerous carcinogen for lung cancer development after cigarette smoking. This state-level study covered most of the territory of Latvia and conducted 941 radon measurements with Radtrack2, placed for 4–6 months in the premises of public companies, educational institutions, medical care institutions, etc. The study found that 94.7% of samples did not exceed the national permissible limit (200 Bq/m3), the level at which preventive measures should be initiated. The median value of average specific radioactivity of radon in these premises was 48 Bq/m3 (Q1 and Q3 being 27 and 85 Bq/m3), which is below the average of the European region. Slightly higher concentrations were observed in well-insulated premises with plastic windows and poorer air exchange, mostly in schools (59 (36, 109) Bq/m3) and kindergartens (48 (32, 79) Bq/m3). Industrial workplaces had surprisingly low radon levels (28 (16, 55) Bq/m3) due to strict requirements for air quality and proper ventilation. Public premises and workplaces in Latvia mostly have low radon concentrations in the air, but more attention should be paid to adequate ventilation and air exchange.

Determining heat losses in university educational premises and developing an algorithm for implementing energy-saving measures

This paper gives examples of the implementation of energy-saving measures in public premises. The introduction of energy-saving measures at enterprises significantly reduces the fixed component of industrial expenditures. As a rule, educational institutions, for example, public premises, are financed from the state budget, and saving money on utilities will enable redirecting finances to the development of the university’s educational and scientific base. Thus, the main purpose of implementing such measures is to reduce the cost of maintaining buildings. The measures are divided into three stages. At the first preparatory stage, the problem elements of a building and communications, which require the introduction of energy-saving measures using a special Fluke Ti25 device, are identified. Problem elements of the building structure were determined by complete scanning of the ceiling, walls, and floor with the help of a thermal imager. A large (more than 10 %) difference between indoor air temperature and the temperature of the building element indicates a problem element. The research method is thermographic. The study contains an example of scanning the wall of the premises. The temperature difference between the left and the right sides of the wall is 2.6 °C (the difference with the room temperature is 21 %). This indicates significant heat losses through the wall. At the second stage of information processing, measures to reduce energy consumption were determined. At the third stage of the introduction of energy-saving measures, the measures that directly affect the energy consumption of a building and effective functioning of communications were implemented. The practical relevance of the study is to obtain results and practical recommendations that can be applied in practice to improve the energy efficiency of premises and buildings.