Public Policy Formulation Process Research Articles

UNLOCKING THE POWER OF BIG DATA: DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC POLICY IN DPRD DKI JAKARTA

This research delves into the prospects and obstacles associated with utilizing large-scale data in developing public policies within the Indonesian context. Integrating big data technology holds promise as a tool for government agencies aiming to refine the public policy formulation process, ultimately providing enhanced services to the populace. Despite its inherent complexity and costliness, incorporating big data offers the government a means to furnish the most up-to-date, precise, and granular information pertinent to developmental issues. For instance, in the agricultural sector, big data can offer an intricate understanding of the diverse requirements of farmers in distinct regions, such as the differentiation between rice varieties sought by farmers in Kalimantan compared to those in Java. Furthermore, the expansive reservoirs of geophysical and meteorological big data hold the capacity to significantly bolster the government's initiatives concerning natural disaster mitigation policies. Nonetheless, the practical integration of big data still needs to be improved by a dearth of comprehensive regulations governing its application. Additionally, the perils of recurrent data breaches in the Indonesian context pose a formidable challenge. This comprehensive analysis concludes that using big data in policy formulation within Indonesia encounters substantial hurdles that threaten to overshadow the potential advantages this technology could offer in enhancing public policy crafting.

Management of public and fiscal policies for the energy transition and sustainable development in Mexico

One of the biggest problems facing the population worldwide is global warming, mainly derived from the anthropogenic footprint. The excessive increase in actions that impact the environment such as public transportation, the use of fossil fuels, industry, etc., have unbalanced ecosystems. The measures and actions to mitigate the environmental impact have not been enough, this has disturbed the United Nations Organization (UN), which has taken a series of international measures such as the proposal of 17 objectives that help to safeguard different large social. Among the goals for 2030 is what is relevant to "clean energy". To align with these strategies, Mexico must take concrete and efficient actions; these actions must be established through the strict elaboration of public policies, which manage to integrate different scientific and technological areas, with timely participation of the different actors involved. The proposal of this document is the integration of public policies together with fiscal and energy policies that contribute to common objectives, through different actions such as energy efficiencies and increasing the participation of renewable energies in the country's energy matrix. Mexico has currently stopped some strategies planned in previous government periods, which have been stopping an energy transition that manages to establish an optimal use of infrastructure and develop a plan that allows the diversification of the energy matrix with the incorporation of renewable energy sources to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which have a share of more than 70% causing various damages to the environment and health. The execution of the proposed strategy required the integration and commitment of the different actors involved, due to the complex nature of the public policy formulation process, the authors propose working with a quality regulatory framework and monitoring the different governmental changes in the country.

The Bargaining Politics: Determining Regional Public Policy in Formulating the Samisake Revolving Fund Program in Bengkulu City, Indonesia

The political arena influences the selection of an alternative policy for Samisake Revolving Fund program. In this phase, various interests affect the policy outcome, including conflict and bargaining positions among policymakers. Therefore, this study aimed to examine public participation in policy formulation for the Samisake Revolving Fund program in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. A qualitative method was used with a case study approach to the policy design, as well as typical conditions and variables. Data were collected by interviewing seven informants of five stakeholder elements and analyzed using flowing analysis. The results indicated high community involvement in the public policy formulation process that entails pushing issues into the policy agenda. The best policy alternative should satisfy all interested parties. Additionally, the policy was established by issuing the Regional Regulation draft on allocating the funding. This Regional Regulation should be accepted and implemented by all parties transparently with accountability to increase community participation and empowerment. The policy process displays a complex interaction among the policymakers. These policymakers include the executives of the Bengkulu City government from the Regional Technical Unit, community leaders and organizations, NGOs, and university academics. The interaction influences choices and policy decisions by creating conflict and tension in discussing the draft of Samisake Fund Regional Regulation. Therefore, future studies could examine stakeholder network participation in policy formulation and strengthening inter-institutional capacity to avoid conflict.

IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN JARAK JAUH (PJJ) PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (STUDI KASUS: SMA NEGERI 2 PEKANBARU)

Implementation refers to the implementation of activities that are formulated based on the public policy formulation process. Implementation is the most important stage in public policy, because the success or failure of a policy formulation can be seen from the implementation process. The purpose of this study is to find out how the process of implementing distance education (PJJ) at SMA Negeri 2 Pekanbaru during the covid 19 pandemic. Changes in learning methods in education due to the corona virus outbreak in Indonesia which requires the learning process to be carried out through online media and also face to face limited advance. This research is descriptive in nature with a case study approach and the data required are primary and secondary data derived from observations, interviews, documentation analyzed by researchers so as to obtain accurate and clear data related to the implementation of distance education during the covid 19 pandemic. Implementation of distance education away using several online media, whatsapp, classroom, and zoom. This study uses the implementation model according to George Edward III, namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. The results of the study show that distance education has not been implemented properly because there are still some obstacles encountered when implementing distance education policies, such as limited access to the internet network in several areas in the city of Pekanbaru, with this distance learning method also burdening students' parents in buying internet quota. Students also feel burdened and bored with this distance learning method. Because students also find it difficult to understand the material provided by the teacher because there are still some teachers who only provide material and assignments without prior explanation. Suggestions The school principal should conduct training related to the use of applications used in distance learning methods and teachers must be creative in delivering learning material so that students do not feel bored or burdened with the assignments given.

Analysis of the Public Policy Formulation Process in Educational Institutions (Formulation, Agenda Arrangement and Ratification)

This study aims to explain the policy formulation process as it relates to the position of education in the context of the public sector, which must be managed seriously, and the level of urgency for the government in setting program priorities such as development. This study used qualitative research methods with a literature study approach. Several stages of data presentation are applied in this paper, namely data restatement, description to map data patterns, and interpretation to highlight the definite meaning of the policy formulation process in educational institutions, including formulation, agenda setting, and ratification.

The role of the state apparatus in organisational capacity development: a case study in the Presidential Staff Office of the President of the Republic of Indonesia

Capacity building is a means to help governments, communities, and individuals to develop their abilities and knowledge to achieve organisational goals. This study aims to describe and comprehensively analyse whether capacity building will be effective if: 1) the organisations vision and mission are translated operationally and understood by all stakeholders in the organisation; 2) the policy system created has an adaptive ability to internal and external changes; 3) an efficient but effective organisational structure exists in supporting the implementation of main tasks and functions of the organisation; 4) there are improvements in managerial and leadership capabilities of personnel in certain positions; 5) there is development of human resources. The developmental model of the capacity building could be used to increase the effectiveness of the public policy formulation process, not only inside the Presidential Staff Office but also in the public institution and organisation.

Factors of Youth Participation Capabiliity in The Public Policy Making Process

The issue of youth participation in the public policy-making process has been a topic of debate at the international level in recent years. Many studies have found that the participation of youths in the process of public policy formulation is not only able to influence a policy, but it also affects the development of youths in terms of consultation, planning, communication, and leadership. In Malaysia, studies related to youth participation in the public policy-making process are still very poorly implemented compared to studies on youth participation in politics. The findings of the study found that there are three factors that can explain the capability of Malaysian youth to participate in the process of public policy formulation which is (i)youth factors, (ii) policymaker factors, and (iii) program effectiveness factors. Therefore, in order to strengthen the capability of youths to participate in the public policy formulation process, the integration of the consolidation of these three factors must be emphasized.

Factors of Youth Participation Capabiliity in The Public Policy Making Process

The issue of youth participation in the public policy-making process has been a topic of debate at the international level in recent years. Many studies have found that the participation of youths in the process of public policy formulation is not only able to influence a policy, but it also affects the development of youths in terms of consultation, planning, communication, and leadership. In Malaysia, studies related to youth participation in the public policy-making process are still very poorly implemented compared to studies on youth participation in politics. The findings of the study found that there are three factors that can explain the capability of Malaysian youth to participate in the process of public policy formulation which is (i)youth factors, (ii) policymaker factors, and (iii) program effectiveness factors. Therefore, in order to strengthen the capability of youths to participate in the public policy formulation process, the integration of the consolidation of these three factors must be emphasized.

Maqasid As-Sharia Hifz Al-Bi'ah in Responding to the Policy of the Cement Factory In Pati

This article discusses the policy on the plan to build a cement factory in Pati Regency which triggered a long conflict between PT Sahabat Mulia Saktin as the corporation, the Pati Regency Government, and the society around the Kendeng Mountains in Pati, which was analyzed interdisciplinary based on the approach of public policy reasoning and maqashid sharia hifzu al-bi' ah. The academic problem in this study is that, there are differences basic paradigms behind the actions of each of these parties. This research is a literature study with a qualitative-descriptive method. The data are taken from previous research publications, online news as well as trusted online sites. Meanwhile, in the analysis process the method of Miles and Huberman is use maximally. The results of the analysis process concluded that the genealogy of the public policy formulation process was carried out starting from the agenda setting (2010), legitimacy and formalization (2010 – 2011), implementation (2011 – 2014), and, policy evaluation (2015-present). By using maqashid sharia hifzu al-bi'ah reasoning, it is concluded objectively and neutrally that policies tend to lead to claims of mafsadah (badness). A recommendation worth considering is the initiation of the ijtihad jama'i forum by presenting expert sources in various relevant fields, far from political interests and subjectivity, so that alternative benefits are formulated for the phenomenon of policy and conflict in cement factories.

Big Data: What are the Implications for Public Sector Policy in Society 5.0 Era?

Modernization in various sectors of life has made data and information valuable, which has an impact in changing people’s lives. One of the changes is how people get information from a large amount of data to be used in the public development sector. Public policy, as a solution to solve various public problems, needs to be supported by accurate data and information facts. With a massive amount of data, this has an impact on public sector organizations to be able to store and analyze various types of information for public policies consideration. The term ‘Society 5.0’ has emerged, a concept that refers to revolution in people’s lives through the use of technology by considering the humanities aspect. The potential for the huge benefits of big data technology is interesting to know as to whether big data can be used for the public policy formulation process. Therefore, this article will provide an overview of the implications of big data for the public policy process in society. This research uses qualitative method with literature study approach. The data came from websites and government documents related to the use of big data in public policies, analyzed using the NVivo12 Plus application. The emergence of big data, as a basis for making public policy, can be utilized for analysis, which includes social data analysis, historical data analysis, and predictive data analysis which can influence accuracy in the policy decision making. Public policy in the era of society 5.0 is vital to be realized through the use of big data as a source of information supported by technology and the readiness of actors in the policy-making process.

The Impact of Power and Power Relationships in the Public Policy Formulation Process: A Case Study of the Formulation Process of 2014 Tanzania’s Education and Training Policy

AbstractPower struggle among stakeholders in public policy formulation process is a common phenomenon in a state informed by democratic politics. The extent of its gravity could have positive or negative implication in policy legitimacy, ownership, and implementation processes. The formulation process of Tanzania’s Education and Training Policy (ETP) of 2014 saw a substantial varied set of competing stakeholders. Each set of actors exerted a different amount of power, which subsequently impacted the policy process. Empirical data revealed that the process was dominated by government officials and few prominent as well as powerful Community-Based Organizations. Recommendations from such categories of stakeholders were likely to be included in the policy document, unlike those from the powerless, non-famous, and ordinary citizens. Besides, scarcity of resources and persuasion through arguments, which enter the category of politics of policy making process, coupled with opposing values and interests of policy actors were the main factors that determined powers over decision making. Therefore, this article suggests that a big enough budget should be provided to the entire policy formulation process, and a need to put, in place, effective power balancing mechanisms with a view to widen and deepen the level of stakeholders’ participation in policy formulation process.

Predictors of hospital-based registered nurses' engagement in on-the-job policy activities.

Nurses have been urged to participate in public policy-formulation processes as an integral part of their professional role through collective and personal policy activities. However, there is only limited empirical data on this participation. This cross-sectional study examined the level and the predictors of the personal policy activities of 200 Israeli hospital-based registered nurses undertaken in their work setting and aimed at furthering hospital, local or national policies. The nurses completed questionnaires that examined policy activities, policy skills, political interest, political efficacy, political and professional network involvement, and organizational support for policy activities. The overall engagement of nurses in on-the-job policy activities was limited and focused primarily on their immediate surroundings, their departments and their hospitals, and much less on local or national policies. The most common policy activities were internal and indirect and included receiving feedback from patients to improve nursing care policy and calling colleagues' attention to policy issues. Positive significant correlations emerged between motivational and organizational factors and personal policy activities, and these contributed 55% to the explained variance. The findings enhance the relevance of integrating motivational and organizational factors in understanding the policy activity of nurses. As such, increasing personal involvement of hospital nurses in policy formulation processes requires professional training that seeks to improve nurses' policy skills, to enhance their political interest and efficacy, and to encourage their involvement in political and professional networks. In addition, hospitals need to cultivate an organizational culture that supports personal policy activities by nurses.

Democratization of Public Policy Formulation Process About Revision Oil and Gas Act No. 22 of 2001 on Oil and Gas in Indonesian Legistilative Assembly Commission VII (2014-2017)

Oil and Gas Act No. 22 of 2001 is in the processing of revision, because Indonesian Legislative Assembly inquiry committee on the period of 2004-2009 to revise the oil and gas Act and the Constitutional Court Decision No. 36 / PUU-X / 2012 which are states that is oil and gas Act contrary to the Constitutional of Indonesia 1945 in Article 33. Oil and Gas Act was the revision process by the Commission VII of Indonesian Legislative Assembly from start period 2009-2014 up to Indonesian Legislative Assembly 2014-2019 period, which is until now has not completed to the process of revision. How to democratize the process of policy formulation in the Oil and Gas Act Revision Commission VII of Indonesian Legislative Assembly, has not been completed. Commission VII of Indonesian Legislative Assembly is the one who are responsible for the process of policy formulation revision of Oil and Gas Act No. 22 of 2001 should make the process of policy formulation with a democratic, and there is effective participation and equality of the vote, as well as their bright education and inclusion of adults so that the process of policy formulation revision of Oil and Gas Act No. 22 of 2001 running with democratic.

THE FUTURE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN KENYA

Administrative actions by government, in pre and post colonial Kenya, have consistently fallen short of serving public interest. This has been so despite the existence of administrative law. The purpose of this study was to establish the developments in administrative law vis-Ã -vis the attitude of the government towards public service. The researcher randomly identified some key historical events and noted how they have influenced public policy, executive actions, judicial decisions, and legislation. Â The study found that a flawed philosophy of governance undermined the ability of institutions of governance to serve public interest pre independence to the year 2010. However since administrative law was constitutionalized in 2010, administrative actions are being influenced by judicial decisions, legislation, and public policy of the government. Thus, the study concluded that the future of administrative law will depend on the quality of judicial decisions, legislation, and public policy of the government. The study recommended that public participation in the legislative, judicial, and public policy formulation processes should be encouraged by all.

Restore Public Trust Through Deliberative Public Policy Formulation

Public trust is a very essential and fundamental element to the legitimacy of public administration. Moreover, the local government is obliged to serve the community. Without public trust, many policies may have serious problems. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain and enhance public trust. A highly committed public trust will allow public administrators to receive good judgment, which is, necessary in the policy-making process. This paper is carefully seeing through some findings of a deliberative public policy formulation, especially in the planning and budgeting areas. The qualitative study was conducted in the Probolinggo regency from 2008 to early 2011. Data were collected through participant and non-participant observation, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, as well as search of relevant documents. The findings of this study indicate the existence of change in public which in the current situation requires a commitment of local political elite to open public places. Commitment to the use of public places, in the application of the transparency principles, participation and accountability in public policy formulation process, will bring back public trust to the local government; especially if the local society feels and believes that the deliberative public participation will significantly affect the final result of the policy formulation.

Governance and Citizen Engagement in the 21st Century

This mini-symposium on governance and citizen engagement consists of two interesting and informative articles. Each article takes a different approach in urging governments to engage citizens in governance processes – public policy formulation processes in particular – in order to strengthen governance and decrease citizen alienation, and for the establishment of a multicultural organizational moral code to enable the conduct of business across national boundaries. These papers were originally presented on a panel at the annual conference of the American Society for Public Administration,” March 2, 2102, in Las Vegas, Nevada. The fundamental assumption that underlies these articles is that citizen participation in governance using shared value sets is a necessity, not a nicety (Also see Kooiman, 2003). The implications of continuing citizen estrangement and alienation from governments appear to be approaching crisis levels in the United States (Box, 1998; King, 2011; King & Stivers, 1998), in many totalitarian nations in the Middle East and Asia (Farazmand 2002; 2009), and in the recent turbulence associated with the debt crises in Europe. Likewise, the increasing globalization of businesses, NGOs, and government alliances has been complicated and restricted by clashes of culturally-based values that cannot be resolved by simply expecting participants from one country to defer to the ethical codes of another. These articles thus present conceptual frameworks for citizen engagement that are rooted in the ethics of citizenship. “Sound Governance: Engaging Citizens through Collaborative Organizations,” by Ali Farazmand addresses the framing question, “Why is the issue of citizen engagement important enough to warrant a mini-symposium?” Or, “What are the stakes and/or the potential stakes?” Farazmand’s article articulates the need for citizen engagement compellingly: Citizen disengagement and alienation from government and governing is endemic in this era of rapid global change. Farazmand proposes that globalization of capital, “a process that transcends nation-states, economies, markets, Public Organiz Rev (2012) 12:219–221 DOI 10.1007/s11115-012-0190-y

Genetically modified food issues

Genetically modified (GM) food is currently being intensely debated in Ireland and throughout Europe. Academic scientists are important players in both the public discourse and in the public policy formulation process. This paper reveals and explores the perceptions and attitudes of Irish university based academic scientists to issues regarding GM food. Most notably, 79.1 per cent of respondents stated that there should be no immediate complete ban of all GM foods and their production. The majority of respondents (70.1 per cent) believed it unlikely that within the next 20 years a substantial reduction in world hunger would occur, due to developments within modern biotechnology. Important opinions and standpoints of Irish academic scientists, which the public, industry and policy makers often look to for informed opinion on matters of a scientific content, are discussed. Results also show that the Irish Science community representatives’ pro‐GM food stance at the National Public Consultation process was justified as it reflected the majority view among respondents.