Public Participation In Order Research Articles

Issues on Tourism and Destination Management in Karnali Province, Nepal

This paper argues that numerous tourist destinations exist in the developing zone of Nepal, particularly in the Karnali province. Many florae and fauna are available in the zone that the panoramic tourist products ever tempt the visitors, which demand for intensive studies of culture, livelihood and public dynamics. Several hills, peaks and mountains in this zone attract tourists and create pressure to the concerned authority to take right actions on time. Several places of interests in different parts of the area still need appropriate management, which would produce the best income resources for the state to invest in the development sectors. This is the productive realm of medicinal herbs that the users still use it irrationally throughout the territory without appropriate workforce. The data were collected from 33 respondents with key informant interview, focus group discussion and personal communications. The invaluable resources available in this area are of multiple significance which export would bring huge amount for financial reservoir of a country. For comprehensive development of the region tourism, hydropower, medicinal herbs, rafting, paragliding, nature, ethnic tourism are the best means for knowledge creation there as well. The responsible state authorities must take appropriate steps in managing the multiple issues through public participation in order to convert the recent status of the territory.

Public Participation in Basic Services In Indonesia

This article analyzes public participation in basic services in Indonesia. Public service is one of the eight areas of change for bureaucratic reform in Indonesia. The goal of public service reform is to improve the quality of services and increase the index of public satisfaction with the implementation of public services organized by the Regional Government (Province). This article formulates the problem of how public participation in basic public services is measured in quality and/or quantity in meeting public needs. The purpose of this article is to describe public participation in measurable basic services that are of quality and meet public needs. The discussion of this article uses Qualitative Methods to examine and describe the natural object conditions related to public participation in basic services. Data analysis is inductive/qualitative to the object (case) of the problem. Considering the scope of basic services, it is very necessary to realize effective public participation in order to encourage the realization of quality basic services and meet the basic needs of the public, because public participation is the exercise of rights in state administration and public services. That effective public participation is realized in the form of Complaint Participation and Aspirational Participation and emphasizes more on community involvement in helping the Regional Government formulate basic service technical policies and participate in formulating the desired service standards.
 Keywords: public participation, basic services, satisfaction

The Moderating Role Of Economic Growth In The Association Between Corruption And Poverty In Indonesia

Indonesia has abundant natural and human resources. With a large population and abundant natural resources, Indonesia has the potential to become the centre of the world economy. But in reality, Indonesia faces many challenges. With such abundant wealth, corruption, economic growth, and poverty are the biggest problems in Indonesia. Corruption is closely related to the economic condition of society. This study aims to analyse the impact of corruption on the poverty rate in Indonesia. Using secondary data published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) from 2018 to 2022, a panel data regression model in 34 provinces in Indonesia was used to obtain 170 data samples. The researcher found that the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), which is considered an indicator of the level of corruption in Indonesia, has a negative and significant impact on the poverty rate. On the other hand, GR as an indicator of economic growth in Indonesia has a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's economic growth. In this study, economic growth is able to moderate the interaction relationship between corruption and poverty levels in Indonesia. Although Indonesia in the 2018-2022 timeframe has always experienced growth, this is also in line with the higher level of corruption in Indonesia, which has an impact on the high disparity and poverty in Indonesia. Therefore, the government and society must work together to fight corruption and reduce poverty by improving transparency and increasing public participation in order to reduce inequality and poverty among Indonesians.

A volunteered geographic information system for managing environmental pollution of coastal zones: A case study in Nowshahr, Iran

Recent incremental trends in environmental pollutants alongside garbage disposals and wastes have undoubtedly affected the global visage of coastal areas. High population density, in conjunction with numerous tourists who visit coastal regions along with wastewater from factories, industrial centers, cities, agricultural activities, especially oil contaminants, are amongst major contributors to pollution in coastal areas. Fortunately, developing countries have recently instigated developmental procedures with the participation of the general public in an effort to protect the environment. Thus, one can perceive the importance of creating an appropriate system, which facilitates public participation in monitoring coastal environments. Such a system would notably provide solutions for many issues of pollution management in coastal regions. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)-based system through integration of concepts and methods from three areas of Geographic Information System (GIS), coastal pollution management, and public participation in order to monitor coastal pollution. After the implementation phase, Nowshahr port city, Mazandaran Province, Iran, was selected as the study area, wherein tourists, residents, and other present individuals were asked to report observable pollutants at their location. After a 3 day monitoring of coastal regions, 98 reports were registered in the system, indicating high amounts of contamination within the respective coastal area. 86% of the total recorded reports were accounts of accumulation of garbage and other dispersed solid material such as foliage and tree trunks, which were somehow the main source of pollution. 10% and 4% of the remaining reports were related to the wastewater pollution and oil contaminants, respectively. According to survey results, 74% of users were satisfied with ease of use and performance of system (26% voted very good and 48% voted good) amongst whom 67% noted the system as an advantageous and effective tool for monitoring the coastal pollution (31% cases of very good and 36% cases of good).

Penanggulangan Korupsi Berbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat Pada PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

A prevention of corruption in Indonesia through structural approach has been examined by many scholars. The gap is, there is not found a study related to this issue focusing on cultural approach. For this reason, this study is concentrated on the public participation in order to prevent the corruption which focuses on the Urban Poverty Projects (PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan) in Sidoarjo, East Java, as a case study. The research questions are: a) to what extend the community base participant impacts the reduce corruptions?; b) what are the modes of public participation in order to prevent the corruptions?. The aim of this study investigates the mode of community participations in order to minimize the corruption. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to collect the data which used three main methods: a) observation concentrated at two sub-districts, Taman and Sidoarjo; b) interview conducted for getting valuable information from the program executors and beneficiaries of “PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan” as well; c) a study of documents related to the program such as the standart operational procedures (SOPs) as well as proposal and report documents. Some theoretical framewoks of participations have been used to analyse the data. The results of this study can be seen that there are three stages of public participation in order to prevent the corruption: the first is the plan stage. Generally, public still need to be forced to participate at this step. However public have showed significant participations through thought and physical participation with skills. The second is the implementation stage. Public have been able to do self-mobilization participation including physical, psychological participation and participation with skills at this step. Moreover, they also have contributed significantly through financial participation instead of getting income from their involments. However, in the last step called monitoring and evaluation, they generally need to be encouraged by external factors to participate in this stage. Regularly meeting is a part of their participation in order to evaluate their projects.

Public participation in decentralised governments in Africa: Making ambitious constitutional guarantees more responsive

Following the example of South Africa, Kenya, Tunisia and Zimbabwe have recently adopted constitutions that contain bills of rights, embrace the ideals of decentralisation and profess a commitment to participatory democracy. In these countries, different forms of local government are constitutionally protected and accorded some degree of self-governing powers. As part of the state's overarching governance machinery, these governments are obliged to contribute towards the realisation of constitutionally-defined objectives, including a variety of constitutionally-entrenched rights, the pursuit of social justice and sustainable development. As the level of government closest to communities, a local government is constitutionally obliged to facilitate public participation in local governance. In South Africa, the Constitutional Court has interpreted the scope of the government's obligation to facilitate public participation in policy formulation and law-making processes extensively. The article explores the Court's jurisprudence on the nature and extent of the duty to facilitate public participation in order to distil lessons that could guide local authorities in Kenya, Tunisia and Zimbabwe to optimise the quality of public participation in local governance. I argue that, if implemented, guidelines distilled from the Court's jurisprudence could help optimise the quality of public participation at the local level in the various countries. Key words: Decentralisation in Africa; public participation; human rights; Constitutions of Kenya, South Africa, Tunisia and Zimbabwe

THE IMPACT OF HERITAGE-BASED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN CITY CENTERS ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES THE CASE OF UQBA BIN NAFI AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, AS-SALT

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan signed agreements with the World Bank, Japan and other donor countries to conduct development projects in historic city centers, including As-Salt Historic City Center Development Project, which included the demolition of modern buildings constructed in the sixties and the seventies of the last century. This incorporated the demolition of Uqba Bin Nafi school, an international style hybrid built in 1960, in addition to the demolition of surrounding modern commercial buildings, known as Uqba Triangle, in order to create open urban spaces and some services. This project has attracted criticism from local residents and shopkeepers.Consequently, this paper raises several questions<1. What is the impact of this project on the local community, functionally, economically and culturally?2. Is the project responsive to the needs and priorities of the local community?3. To what extent did the local community participate in the demolition decision and other aspects of the project? Are they satisfied with the project?4. Did Oqba Bin Nafi' school hold significance and value to the local community thus warranting its conservation rather than demolition?This paper uses a multi-method approach, utilizing statistical analysis, ethnography, and historical methods. The enquiry bases its critique on conservation charters and modern heritage theories, and tackles the status quo through questionnaires, interviews and field observations.The results emphasize the need to have an urban development strategy for the city so that urban heritage conservation projects are part of such a development strategy that is rooted in a community-based vision. This current project-by-project approach leads to projects that are not responsive to the needs of the city and its people. Consequently, the recommendations emphasize the importance of public participation in order to meet people’s needs and achieve better satisfaction.This paper brings to attention the negative urban consequences of the demolition of modern heritage buildings. Often considered nonessential within the historic fabric, the results caution against the undermining of the values modern buildings hold or their role in the urban structure.Finally, the study emphasizes the significance of having a multi-disciplinary team, including economists, social workers, planners and architects. It is important not to overlook the economic and social feasibility of the interventions, and avoid the fixation on the aesthetics of the urban setting to prevent similar negative impacts on the local community

ANALISIS STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI KOTA SEMARANG

Semarang city is the capital of Central Java is sufficiently developed, the rapid development of the city followed by volume increases in population resulting in the amount of waste produced is increasing. However, waste management facilities and infrastructures owned by the city of Semarang is not proportional to the increase in the volume of the garbage. The problem that arises : How to waste management in the city of Semarang at this time, and what are the factors supporting and inhibiting factors ? How should the alternative strategies for the optimization of waste management in the city of Semarang ?. The purpose of this study was to describe the waste management, and what are the factors that support and hinder the application of waste management. Furthermore, the data obtained are used to formulate an alternative strategy of waste management in the city of Semarang. Attempts to answer issues and research purposes is done by using the theory of strategic management as a basic foundation in analyzing and formulating strategies. To identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as well as to evaluate the strategic issues using the SWOT analysis and the litmus test. Once the analysis is done, shows there are eight strategic issues in the implementation of the waste management. And after an evaluation by a litmus test, it can be seen the three most strategic issues can be found. It is maximize community empowerment related vision and mission to be achieved, multiply the number of fleet and containers in Semarang in order to improve service to the public, and increase public participation in order to overcome the limitations of the available fleet and containers.

Combating Corruption Based on Community Participation in Urban PNPM Mandiri in Sidoarjo Regency

A prevention of corruption in Indonesia through structural approach has been examined by many scholars. The gap is, there is not found a study related to this issue focusing on cultural approach. For this reason, this study is concentrated on the public participation in order to prevent the corruption which focuses on the Urban Poverty Projects (PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan) in Sidoarjo, East Java, as a case study. The research questions are: a) to what extend the community base participant impacts the reduce corruptions?; b) what are the modes of public participation in order to prevent the corruptions?. The aim of this study investigates the mode of community participations in order to minimize the corruption. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to collect the data which used three main methods: a) observation concentrated at two sub-districts, Taman and Sidoarjo; b) interview conducted for getting valuable information from the program executors and beneficiaries of “PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan” as well; c) a study of documents related to the program such as the standart operational procedures (SOPs) as well as proposal and report documents. Some theoretical framewoks of participations have been used to analyse the data. The results of this study can be seen that there are three stages of public participation in order to prevent the corruption: the first is the plan stage. Generally, public still need to be forced to participate at this step. However public have showed significant participations through thought and physical participation with skills. The second is the implementation stage. Public have been able to do self-mobilization participation including physical, psychological participation and participation with skills at this step. Moreover, they also have contributed significantly through financial participation instead of getting income from their involments. However, in the last step called monitoring and evaluation, they generally need to be encouraged by external factors to participate in this stage. Regularly meeting is a part of their participation in order to evaluate their projects.

Administrators as Deliberative Representatives: A Revised Public Service Role

We suggest a role for public administrators as deliberative representatives. The goal is to apply a re-conceptualization of representation within the context of public administration based on a literature review on the following concepts: 1) representative democracy, (2) representative bureaucracy, and (3) deliberative democracy. We find that dominant models of representative democracy are ill suited for ensuring the true interests of citizens and communities are met and that representative bureaucracy is not satisfactory to address the failings of representative democracy. Finding promise in deliberative democracy models, we consider how the re-conceptualization of representation for the administrative role might shape the advancement of public participation in order to enhance the quality of representation. Specifically, a fourth construction is defined to add to the list of three above: deliberative representation.

Huancayo Metropolitano

Huancayo Metropolitano, the Central Peruvian social and economic urban center, changed from a small village of indigenous communities to a vibrant agglomeration of 424,000 inhabitants—within a period of just over 100years. The major growth occurred since the 1980s, as the city benefited from its socio-economic strategic location as well as from the favorable physical setting. The present city profile traces the area’s change from a peasant settlement to a major mountain city that is now undergoing major restructuring by globalization-driven processes. Huancayo Metropolitano’s emerging middle class demands environmental amenities and exclusivity. Real-estate firms are responding by developing peri-urban gated condominiums in a vernacular landscape shaped by remittance architecture. As social-cohesion declines due to socio-spatial segregation, peri-urban growth represents a real challenge that is not sufficiently taken into account by urban planners and policy makers. Yet—as privatization diminishes the influence of public planning on peri-urban areas—these are the actors who need to implement the urban-development plan’s objective of public participation in order to reach socially inclusive and sustainable development in the emerging Peruvian mountain city.

Public participation in strengthening cultural heritage: The role of landscape character assessment in Denmark

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 109(1):33–45, 2009 This paper describes how stakeholders are being consulted and how they participate in a joint decision-making process based on a Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) conducted in a planned national park in North Zealand Denmark. The process has been developed as a result of an increased focus on environmental and landscape issues in Denmark. It focuses on experienced barriers to successful implementation of the cultural-historical heritage sector within municipal land use and landscape planning. The analysis identified a need for public participation in order to create awareness of the LCA, to ensure an effective implementation and to incorporate local cultural/historical heritage. In addition, it illustrates how new and valuable information regarding the local heritage and visions for future local development are collected through the participatory process. Finally, this paper investigates how stakeholder participation can contribute additional information to the LCA. It is concluded that the implementation of the LCA method in Denmark should include a strategy for a participatory process which addresses the citizens concerned.

中国における民間開発業者の旧市街地再開発事業への参画に関する考察

Since the 90's, private developers in China have been growing remarkably, and as the reform of land-market progresses, they are taking greater actions in urban renewal project than before. In this research we clarified the statutory process of urban renewal, and considered the states of private developers in an actual renewal project in Tianjin Nanshi. We examined them by focusing on ‘fairness’-neither the benefits of private developers, public, nor residents should be damaged by the renewal project, and ‘transparency’-the procedure should be definite and the system should be open. The paper concludes that some parts of the renewal process are not transparent, and recommends to improve the legal system of urban renewal, for example, to introduce a public participation in order to modify the structure that the development plans depend too much on the agreement between the government and developers.

Pesticides in plants: Perceptions, education and reality

Transgenesis provides an alternative pest control strategy to direct applications of pesticides. Any reference to chemicals being produced within plants following directed manipulation raises public concerns. Despite the presence of many naturally occurring toxins in plants, any human intervention to enhance toxin production will require a parallel programme of education and public participation in order to gain acceptance of the technology.