Public Management Programs Research Articles

Advancing Public Organizations in Palestine through Collaborative Public Management Programs: An Empirical Investigation

<p>Meningkatkan institusi publik di Palestina memerlukan kolaborasi, dimana program manajemen publik kolaboratif memainkan peran penting dalam menerapkan model perencanaan berkinerja tinggi di setiap organisasi. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi pendekatan ini secara menyeluruh, menjelaskan penerima manfaat dan pengaruhnya terhadap institusi. Studi ini mengacu pada tinjauan komprehensif literatur yang ada dan mengevaluasi studi sebelumnya untuk memberikan pemahaman yang berbeda tentang subjek tersebut. Penelitian ini berupaya mengevaluasi efektivitas program manajemen publik kolaboratif dalam mendorong perkembangan organisasi publik di Palestina. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dalam metodologi penelitian, kami bertujuan untuk memperjelas kerangka dan desain penelitian, menawarkan wawasan dalam membangun kembali dan mereformasi infrastruktur lembaga-lembaga publik di Palestina untuk kemajuan dan pembangunan, serta meningkatkan pemberian layanan. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi manfaat reformasi dan pengembangan sektor publik di Palestina, dengan tujuan mencapai efisiensi, keandalan, transparansi, dan peningkatan layanan, sekaligus menghilangkan korupsi dan nepotisme. Nilai penelitian ini terletak pada perlunya para peneliti mengatasi kesenjangan yang menghambat pembentukan program restorasi dan reformasi lembaga-lembaga publik Palestina. Dukungan harus diperluas untuk mendukung upaya mereka dalam menciptakan sektor kelembagaan yang bercirikan kredibilitas, keandalan, efisiensi, transparansi, dan layanan yang tepat, sekaligus meminimalkan penyuapan dan eksploitasi.<em></em></p>

Developing effective leaders for the civil service: A case study of Bahrain

ABSTRACT The civil service has seen dramatic changes over the last 50 years, symbolized by the shift from Traditional Public Administration, to New Public Management and now New Public Governance. Likewise, the role and nature of people management functions has changed with the development of Strategic HR and Human Resource Development (HRD). Finally, the nature of higher education has changed with a growing emphasis on research impact, knowledge exchange, and industry-academia links such as focusing on employability. In this research we explore the development of the Bahrain Institute for Public Administration’s (BIPA) Master in Public Management (MPM) program. Drawing on extensive fieldwork with students, managers, and stakeholders we identify how this program was established, how students were selected, and the implications of their study on the program for the success of the Bahrain government.

Global Supply Chains Made Visible through Logistics Security Management

Background: For several years, two of the major concerns of logistics managers are (i) the visibility of global supply chains and (ii) the uncertainty in deciding which existing logistics security program is the most appropriate according to the security levels for their organization. This last decision is needed to ensure traceability and visibility of the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the main public and private supply chain security management programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative research methodology based on thematic content analysis is followed. The four main existing security programs in Latin America and the Caribbean are systematically compared and a common general framework is developed. Results: The analysis shows a high degree of similarity between the levels of security contained in the selected programs. Conclusions: We found that there is little guidance available for companies interested in managing security risks in their supply chains through these logistics’ security programs. This article contributes to the literature on logistics security programs that is currently gaining momentum in managing security risks in global supply chains and provides academic insights into the choice and/or complementarity of one or more logistics security programs.

Needs Assessment for Improved Local Governance in Samar: Basis for the Development of Extension Programs

Despite ranking among the top 10 poorest provinces in the Philippines for two decades, Samar Island Province has the potential for a brighter future. This study, conducted by Samar State University’s Samar Island Center for Good and Local Governance (SICGLG) in collaboration with the Graduate School Master of Public Management Program, identified key areas for improvement within Local Government Units (LGUs) through surveys and focus groups. Prioritizing accountability, effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness, the study paves the way for a comprehensive capacity-building program. This program will equip LGUs with the skills and knowledge necessary to excel in these crucial areas, ultimately leading to improved service delivery, resource utilization, and a more empowered and prosperous Samar community.

New development: A prototype framework to assess the coverage of financial management topics in MPA/MPM programmes

IMPACT The development of a prototype framework to support analyses of Master’s of Public Administration (MPA) and Master’s of Public Management (MPM) programmes is expected to significantly impact the field of public administration and management. These programmes play a crucial role in equipping current and future public administrators with the essential skills needed to effectively navigate the complexities of the public sector. To date, the debate about public sector accounting education misses vital cross-country analysis to understand the main differences between countries.

Education in public sector accounting at higher education institutions in Germany

IMPACT So far, there is little evidence on the relevance of public sector accounting (PSA) in the academic education of public administrators. This article presents empirical evidence of PSA in public administration and public management programmes in German universities. The authors show that PSA is almost irrelevant in research universities compared with programmes at universities of applied sciences—particularly at the bachelor level. If taught at all, subjects such as financial reporting, budgeting and cost accounting dominate the curricula; others are represented to a minor degree. Building on this, the authors discuss factors influencing the role and integration of PSA content in the respective curricula. They argue for broadening the narrow legalistic teaching of accounting and budgeting at undergraduate level and for introducing accounting basics in graduate programmes in research universities.

Developing public managers' reflective thinking through continuing management education

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to outline how public managers' reflective thinking capacity is developed through integration of education and practice using a real-life organizational problem as the educational starting point. Managers' reflective thinking capacity becomes important due to an increasing organizational complexity and the growing trend of introducing post-new public management paradigms.Design/methodology/approachInspired by Brinkmann's (2012) approach to the inquiry on everyday life materials, semi-structured interviews were conducted with public managers taking a public management program. A phenomenologically inspired content analysis was applied in the process of scrutinizing the findings, subsequently informing the discussion on the development of problem solving through public management education.FindingsThe analysis indicates that the managers' pre-understanding of continuing education at the university level, managers' personal objectives, along with a growing experience with and insights into problem-based learning (PBL), appear to facilitate managers' integration of theory and practice. As revealed in this paper, an inquiry that integrates daily organizational practice and theoretical models and terms, as the origin of the personal development module, seems to facilitate managers' reflective thinking and self-reflexivity.Originality/valueThis paper illustrates that learning processes facilitated by seminars like the personal development module (PDM) not only facilitates the development of reflective thinking, but managers also seem to develop competencies in self-reflexivity – the latter being an underdeveloped element of Dewey's (1933) notion of reflective thinking. Thus, further theoretical and empirical research is needed to explore the potentials of developing a pragmatically inspired notion that offers an understanding of managers' self-reflexivity. By inquiring about managerial puzzlements through a personal development lens, a self-reflective focus adds to the Dewey-inspired approach to reflective thinking.

Developing a capacity building training model for public health managers of low and middle income countries.

The challenges faced by the low and middle-income countries (LMIC) in the field of public health management calls for the capacity building of qualified and trained public health managers in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the health care delivery system. Most of the existing training programs for public health management are based in the settings of developed countries, which hinders their application in LMIC countries. The objective of this paper is to document the process of development and evaluation of a capacity building program for public health managers of various LMICs. A training program was developed using Kern's six-step framework with several innovative learning and assessment methodologies and evaluation using Kirkpatrick training evaluation model. Delphi technique was used for program development. This five to ten-day partly/fully funded six International Public Health Management Development Programs (IPHMDP) programs was conceptualized which enrolled 178 participants from 42 countries between years 2016 and 2019. Based upon the elaborative discussion in four rounds of Delphi technique, the problem and challenges faced by public health mangers and eight key competencies (viz. Leadership and governance, Project/ program planning, financial management, supply chain management, quality management, Human Resource management, monitoring and evaluation, and communication.) were identified. The group consensually agree upon a blended teaching methodology comprising of chalk and talk approach, inquiry based learning, participatory student based learning, small group instructions, gamification, project-based learning and field-based learning. There was a significant increase in participants' knowledge score (P<0.0001) after all programs especially in the competencies of monitoring and evaluation, followed by project/ program planning, supply chain management and quality management. The majority (90%) submitted their action plan one week following the program, out of which 64% implemented their action plans within six months. A majority (54.7%) of participants were able to implement their learning once they went back by conducting similar training/ workshop/webinars in their settings. The comprehensive public health management program in LMIC settings strengthens the competencies of public health managers which can be replicated in similar settings across LMIC to mitigate diverse challenges in public health management.

Strategic Performance Measurement and Management: The Distinctive Nature of the Public Sector and Implications on Performance Measures

Purpose : Strategic performance measurement and management (SPMM) as a subject has come over increased research radar over the last four or so decades. The so-called “performance measurement revolution” of the 1980s to 1990s concentrated on the private sector. “Business managerialism” and “accountingisation” kicked-in into the public sector with transplanting of hitherto private sector management techniques under New Public Management (NPM) and other administrative reform programmes by various governments internationally. Specifically, the 1990s saw the implementation of modern multi-dimensional SPMM systems originally in the private sector. Considering the nuanced nature of the public sector, the transfer of SPMM systems from the private to the public sector has not been straightforward due to technical, conceptual and behavioral factors. This paper contrasts the features of the private and public sectors and investigates the implication of the distinctive nature of the public sector on the application of SPMM in the public sector. This will augment our perceptions and comprehension of existing public sector SPMM theory and practice. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a systematic literature review (SLR), a mode of research which has been widely adopted and strongly justified for adoption in business and management research since the turn of the 21st century. The study conducted a content and thematic analysis on the commonalities and differences between private and public sectors and implication of the differences on public sector strategic performance measurement and management. The study itself covered 233 published and unpublished documents covering the seven decades to 2023 which to our knowledge constitutes the most comprehensive update on the public-private debate trends to date. Findings: The study thoroughly interrogated the literature perspectives or models on the commonalities and differences between the public and private sectors. The study then deep-dived into the underlying characteristics which differentiate the public and private sectors producing one of the most detailed side-by-side analyses of public-private differentiation based on organisational characteristics, dimension, or concept of all time. The systematic review further identified and derived several thematic areas related to public-private differences and went on to establish the implications of the public-private divergences from an SPMM perspective especially as it relates to the derivation and application of public sector performance measures. These findings are critical for both practitioners and academics as they explore the subject of transplanting private sector SPMM practices into the public sector which is another overripe area for research. The findings provide public managers with a comprehensive and critical cog in their management toolbox as they navigate the practical realities and difficulties of implementing SPMM in the public sector’s unique and complex environment. Research Limitations: The main challenge with conducting a comprehensive research of this magnitude relates mainly to the broad range of literature covered, the unwieldy and onerous analysis and lots of judgement calls which could impact bias and replicability. Practical Implications - This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the key features of the private and public sectors found in the literature and evaluates how they drive attendant management practices in the two sectors and specifically how the public sector’s distinctive nature impacts on the measures of performance. Originality/value - Studying the differences and how they impact the choice of public sector KPIs is crucial in attempting to address the myriad of challenges and potential hindrances to future institutionalisation of SPMM in contemporary PSOs. Exploring and understanding the differences and similarities between public and private sectors is a beneficial springboard to cultivate erudition, cross-pollination and facilitation of knowledge transfer between the two sectors of the contemporary global political economy. Keywords: Strategic, performance management, performance measurement, performance measures, key performance indicators, public-private differences DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/13-2-03 Publication date: March 31 st 2023

Au–Fe3O4 nanozyme coupled with CRISPR-Cas12a for sensitive and visual antibiotic resistance diagnosing

The accumulation and spread of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) in the environment may accelerate the formation of superbugs and seriously threaten the health of all living beings. The timeliness and accurate diagnosing of antibiotic resistance is essential to controlling the propagation of superbugs in the environment and formulating effective public health management programs. Herein, we developed a speedy, sensitive, accurate, and user-friendly colorimetric assay for antibiotic resistance, via a synergistic combination of the peroxidase-like property of the Au–Fe3O4 nanozyme and the specific gene identification capability of the CRISPR-Cas12a. Once the CRISPR-Cas12a system recognizes a target resistance gene, it activates its trans-cleavage activity and subsequently releases the Au–Fe3O4 nanozymes, which oxidizes the 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with color change from transparent to blue. The diagnosing signals could be captured and analyzed by a smartphone. This method detected kanamycin-resistance genes, ampicillin-resistance genes, and chloramphenicol-resistance genes by simple operation steps with high sensitivity (<0.1 CFU μL−1) and speediness (<1 h). This approach may prove easy for the accurate and sensitive diagnosis of the ARGs or ARB in the field, thus surveilling and controlling the microbial water quality flexibly and efficiently.

Digital Education and Future Skills of Public Servants

The COVID-19 pandemic is a game changer in capacity development. It has enabled governments to recognize that aside from shifting to digital processes and procedures, digital technology can also contribute to the development of capacities as well as future skills of public servants.&#x0D; This paper discusses digital education and its role in developing the capacities and future skills of public servants in the context of the Master of Public Management Program of the University of the Philippines Open University. It also presents how activities can be re-designed to develop future skills.

Comparative Study of Modernization of Public Management and Maintenance Program of Higher Education Institutes in a Region of Peru

The objective of research was to determine the relationship between public management modernization and the maintenance program of higher education institutes in the La Libertad region, 2022. A basic research, quantitative approach, non-experimental design, causal comparative level, with a sample of 71 directors for public Higher Education institutes and 65 directors for private institutes. Results showed there is a significant (p&lt;0,05) and positive (rho=0.757**) relationship between modernization of public management and maintenance program of Instiutes. In conclusion, difference between two case studies is evident, since private case one has a better opportunity and comfort throughout process.

Forest-Wide Longleaf Pine Restoration Response to Varying Future Management Intensities in a Transitioning Upland Forest

Abstract Many public land management programs in the southeastern United States have been restoring the longleaf pine forest for more than 20 years, which includes intensive treatment with fire, thinning, chemical control of competition, and tree planting. A shift to more passive management (prescribed burning alone) is anticipated once a critical level of longleaf pine has been established. It remains unclear whether this longleaf pine threshold has been reached and whether intensive management should continue at Fort Benning, Georgia. Using the Landis-II forest landscape model, changes in tree species and forest types were estimated from 2017 to 2117 under four forest management scenarios, ranging from passive (“burn only”) to intensive (“proactive”). The desired future condition includes 75% of upland forest dominated by longleaf pine (&amp;gt;49.5% composition). The proactive scenario resulted in the desired future forest condition, whereas reactive and passive scenarios did not. These results suggest a critical threshold of longleaf pine forest has not been reached at Fort Benning and therefore intensive management approaches are still required. This study shows that even well-established populations of longleaf pine on public lands require maintenance and continued intensive restoration to reach desired forest-wide conditions.

Evidence of the association between adherence to treatment and mortality among patients with COPD monitored at a public disease management program in Brazil

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the association between adherence to treatment and mortality among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients treated in the Brazilian public health system.MethodsThis is cohort study of moderate-to-severe COPD patients monitored in a public pharmaceutical care-based Disease Management Program (DMP). All subjects who died one year after the beginning of the cohort were age-matched with those who remained alive at the end of the cohort period. Treatment adherence was measured through pharmacy records. Patients who received at least 90% of the prescribed doses were considered adherent to treatment.ResultsOf the 333 patients (52.8% age ≥ 65 years, 67.9% male), 67.3% were adherent to treatment (adherence rate, 87.2%). Mortality was associated with lack of adherence (p = 0.04), presence of symptoms (mMRC ≥ 2) and COPD treatment use. The death was associated with non-adherence, presence of symptoms and previous hospitalization. After adjustment, non-adherent patients to treatment were almost twice times likely to die compared to those adherents (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.86; CI 1.16-2.98, p = 0.01).ConclusionNon-adherence to treatment was associated with higher mortality among moderate-to-severe COPD patients treated in the Brazilian public health system. Strategies to monitor and optimize adherence should be strengthened to reduce COPD-related mortality.

Conservation of carbon resources and values on public lands: A case study from the National Wildlife Refuge System.

Public lands in the United States are those land areas managed by federal, state, and county governments for public purposes such as preservation and recreation. Protecting carbon resources and increasing carbon sequestration capacity are compatible with public land management objectives for healthy and resilient habitats, i.e., managing habitats for the benefit of wildlife and ecosystem services can simultaneously capture and store carbon. To evaluate the effect of public land management on carbon storage and review carbon management as part of the land management objectives, we used existing data of carbon stock and net ecosystem carbon balance in a study of the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS), a public land management program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). Total carbon storage of the 364 refuges studied was 16.6 PgC, with a mean value 42,981 gCm-2. We used mixed modeling with Bonferroni adjustment techniques to analyze the effect of time since refuge designation on carbon storage. In general, older refuges store more carbon per unit area than younger refuges. In addition to the age factor, carbon resources are variable by regions and habitat types protected in the refuges. Mean carbon stock and the rate of sequestration are higher within refuges than outside refuges, but the statistical comparison of 364 refuges analyzed in this study was not significant. We also used the social cost of carbon to analyze the annual benefits of sequestrating carbon in these publicly managed lands in the United States, which is over $976 million per year in avoided CO2 emissions via specific conservation management actions. We examine case studies of management, particularly with respect to Service cooperation activities with The Conservation Fund (TCF) Go Zero® Program, Trust for Public Land (TPL) and individuals. Additional opportunities exist in improving techniques to maximize carbon resources in refuges, while continuing to meet the core purpose and need of the NWRS.

Heart failure quantified by underlying cause and multiple cause of death in Brazil between 2006 and 2016

BackgroundThe Global Burden of Disease (GBD) does not produce estimates of heart failure (HF) since this condition is considered the common end to several diseases (i.e., garbage code). This study aims to analyze the interactions between underlying and multiple causes of death related to HF in Brazil and its geographic regions, by sex, from 2006 to 2016.MethodsDescriptive study of a historical series of death certificates (DCs) related to deaths that occurred in Brazil between 2006 and 2016, including both sexes and all age groups. To identify HF as the underlying cause of death or as a multiple cause of death, we considered the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code I50 followed by any digit. We evaluated the deaths and constructed graphs by geographic region to compare with national data.ResultsWe included 1,074,038 DCs issued between 2006 and 2016 that included code I50 in Parts I or II of the certificate. The frequency of HF as the multiple cause of death in both sexes was nearly three times higher than the frequency of HF as an underlying cause of death; this observation remained consistent over the years. The Southeast region had the highest number of deaths in all years (about 40,000 records) and approximately double the number in the Northeast region and more than four times the number in the North region. Codes of diseases clinically unrelated to HF, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke, were mentioned in 3.11, 2.62, and 1.49% of the DCs, respectively.ConclusionsWhen we consider HF as the underlying cause of death, we observed an important underestimation of its impact on mortality, since when analyzed as a multiple cause of death, HF is present in almost three times more deaths recorded in Brazil from 2006 to 2016. The mentioning of conditions with little association with HF at the time of the death highlights the importance of HF as a complex syndrome with multiple components that must be considered in the analysis of mortality trends for implementation of public health management programs.

The deep organisation: The organisational view in a public management and leadership development programme

This article studies the organisational view inherent in a public management and leadership development programme. Organisational views are important to study as they guide and frame the actions of the members of the organisation. In the management and leadership development programme under investigation the organisational view was a linguistic-discursive representation that was empirically inept, but which nevertheless was offered as a guide to the managers. Inspired by Clifford Geertz’s notion of religion we suggest conceptualising the presented organisational view as the deep organisation. The analysis contributes to the literature on public management and leadership development programmes by calling attention to the implicit concepts of organisation that on the one hand provide managers with the motivation and authority to carry out their daily ordering of the constantly fluctuating empirical organisation, while to some extent making managers immune to experience-based learning on the other. The notion of the deep organisation expands our understanding of the layered nature of assumptions about organisations, through which seeming contradictions can be handled. In the discussion we outline three important implications of the analysed organisational view.

Costs and effectiveness of public and private fire management programs in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado

There is a noted lack of information on the effectiveness of investments in forest fire management in Brazil. Here, we quantify the budget expenditures of one private and one public fire-management program. We then compare burned areas within conservation units (CUs) and private rural properties (PPs) with and without investments in fire management in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Investments in fire management in CUs total US$ 0.51 ha−1 yr−1 in the Amazon and US$ 5.32 ha−1 yr−1 in the Cerrado. Roughly, 94% of the public investment in fire management in CUs is only assigned to suppression activities, although seven CUs in Cerrado have undertaken innovative Integrated Fire Management (IFM) that includes prevention practices. Cerrado CUs with brigades for fire suppression have reduced burned area by 12%, on average, compared with CUs without brigades. Further, CUs that also included prevention practices as part of IFM reduced burned areas by an additional 6% from CUs with only fire suppression practices. Investments in both fire prevention and suppression on private lands amounted to US$ 15.89 ha−1 yr−1. We identify a reduction of 50%, on average, in burned areas after PPs joined the fire mitigation program of Aliança da Terra. In face of increasingly disruptive wildfires alongside finite financial resources, we call for the need of a mix of cost-effective private and public fire management programs with strong emphasis on prevention practices.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПРОГРАММЫ ПО ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНИЮ СООТЕЧЕСТВЕННИКОВ

Aim. Analysis of the State Program to Assist Voluntary Resettlement of Compatriots Living Abroad to the Russian Federation to determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of its implementation. Methodology. The authors consider the program as one of the effective tools for implementation of the state migration policy that helps attract compatriots to the Russian Federation. The article presents the types and features of public management program and target tools in social and economic development of the country and its security. Arguments in favor of a clear link between the goals and tasks of the state body with the planned quantifiable results and the necessary financial resources are given. Methods of statistical analysis, analysis of scientific literature, analysis of materials provided by Federal Executive bodies are used. On the basis of a systematic and institutional approach the problems and prospects of the state resettlement policy towards compatriots are considered, and the ways to solve them are substantiated. Results. Proposals for the state bodies to improve the process of attracting compatriots to the country and normative regulating of this sphere are prepared. Research implications. The materials contained in this research can be used by Federal and Regional Executive bodies that formulate and realize the state policy and normative regulation in the field of migration, including issues of the organization of resettlement and settlement of compatriots.

Curriculating Powerful Knowledge for Public Managers and Administrators

Public Management and Public Administration are important professions for an emerging democracy such as South Africa. They operate as the interface between state and public and are responsible for enacting many of the government's policies and social initiatives. Concerns about a lack of capacity in the sector suggest that those in these roles may be unable to meet the demands of the workplace. This article reports on a study that responded to calls for the curriculum to address such concerns by interrogating the knowledge structures of Public Management and Public Administration programmes in higher education. Interviews, textbooks and course guides were analysed to illuminate the forms of knowledge being legitimated in curricula. The study found that the focus on knowledge, skills and processes might be at the expense of a focus on the development of particular attributes or dispositions in the knowers. Furthermore, the knowledge level focus was limited in that it was highly contextualised and “light” on theory, raising questions about the acquisition of powerful knowledge needed for good governance and critical engagement in the public sector. The study recommends that both programmes include more conceptual knowledge; exposure to critical powerful forms of knowledge; and the development of particular attributes and dispositions.