Public Management Decisions Research Articles

Public Management Discretion and Public Management Decision to Engineering, Testing and Application of Legal Innovations

The article is devoted to the topic of the significance and complexity of the managerial decision on the engineering, testing and application of legal innovations. In the author’s opinion, many problems of legal and legal-digital innovation are reduced to the ambiguity of their functional-target load and very high difficulty of confirming that they are really needed, to the extreme difficulty of predicting their implementation. And it is this that complicates the adoption of an appropriate managerial decision. Managerial decision on legal innovations, due to the crystallization of the substrate of managerial discretion in it, always entails a high responsibility for its adoption. The author points out that there are no unified generally recognized ways of operating activities in the field of legal innovation and management of the corresponding innovation process. But there are some general management principles and requirements that are quite transferable to this sphere. The author substantiates that with all the significant differences between the private market legal sector and the public administration sector, in making a decision on the development, testing and implementation of legal and securing legal and digital innovations, both managers — the head of a public authority and the head of a commercial firm — are placed in similar conditions. The author in his article articulates the problem of time resource, objectively required for what is presented as a “legal innovation” to really become a legal innovation and a good legal innovation. According to the author, legal innovation is not a quick process, and it is not a one-time phenomenon, but a responsible discretion in making the appropriate managerial decision — it is always objectively time-consuming. The author raises the question that any innovation, and legal innovation in particular, has its own life cycle, at the end of which it outlives itself, exhausts its potential for innovation. Although there are legal innovations that have transformed into legal axiomatics and traditional legal everyday tools. But in any case, we talk about legal innovations without disconnecting from time, from its flow, from the notches on its scale. The author declares the article as posing a scientific problem, but at the same time the author offers a conceptual answer to some of such questions.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЙ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ И ОБЩЕСТВЕ НА МИГРАЦИЮ И ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В МИГРАЦИОННОЙ СФЕРЕ

The purpose of the study is to assess the ongoing changes in migration processes from the perspective of migration subjects and the public administration system due to the increased use of digital technologies. Research methods include the method of critical analysis of scientific publications and comparative strange analysis. The results of the study showed that with the conditional unchanged causes of migration, under the influence of digitalization of the economy, its forms have changed and a new status of a digital nomad for migrant workers has appeared, and state accounting and control of migration processes is gradually developing into formats of digital tools and electronic services for migrants. Conclusions: despite the advantages of using digital resources both for migrants and in the public administration system, there is a need to overcome challenges in the context of the expected growth of migration flows in the world and make appropriate public management decisions using modern approaches to data interpretation and organization of digital control.

Economic crime in the new Kazakhstan – a comparative analysis of the criminal legislation of EAEU member states

Relevance. Economic criminal offences are a factor in slowing a country's development. The number of such crimes is growing rapidly around the world, and the methods of committing them are becoming increasingly sophisticated, which determines the relevance of establishing new methods of countering economic crime and reforming legislation in this area, including in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to explore the essence, characteristics and features of economic crime, as well as the grounds for criminal liability for economic crimes in the Eurasian Economic Union countries. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was dialectical and comparative methods, case study, abstraction, methods of system-structural and logical analysis, methods of registration and ranking, method of generalisation, which allowed to clarify the concepts and characteristics of economic crime; to consider available definitions of economic crime and individual provisions of the regulatory framework of Eurasian Economic Union member states on the regulation of economic crime; to characterise the legal nature of economic crime; to analyse the main scientific and methodological developments in this area. Results. The types of economic crimes in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union were compared; to compare types of economic crime in the Eurasian Economic Union member states; to identify current trends in economic crime within the Eurasian Economic Union; to find out the main advantages of each Eurasian Economic Union member state's national legislation to combat economic crime; to classify possible economic crimes; and to determine the number of economic crimes committed and record their rates in each Eurasian Economic Union state; to characterise the specifics of countering economic crime in the Eurasian Economic Union. Conclusions. The significance of the research results is to provide practical recommendations for improving the legal regulation of relations in the sphere of economic crime, as well as in the process of implementing policies and taking public management decisions in the field of countering economic crime in the Eurasian Economic Union states.

Transformative potential of nature-based values that influence the relationships between reported and intended pro-environmental behavior

Protected area landscapes embody multiple values of nature that can create meaning in everyday life. Though the values ascribed to these environments theoretically inspire changes in human behavior, surprisingly few studies have empirically evaluated how ‘specific values’ affect actions that benefit the environment. We used Public Participation in Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) methods to evaluate the relationships among four nature-based values and the patterns of both reported and intended behavior among visitors to Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA (n = 667). We found that wilderness, recreation, ecological integrity, and scientific qualities of places were particularly important for characterizing the Denali landscape and accounted for more variation in intended than reported pro-environmental behaviors. We provide new insights on how nature-based values underpin the decisions of visitors and lead to transformative changes after experiencing a high profile, charismatic protected area. Understanding the reasons why people forge connections with natural areas and modeling how these associations relate to different types of behavior advances knowledge of how to effectively build environmental stewardship and guide public land management decisions. Management implicationsFindings from this study provide public land management agencies with insight on what people value in protected areas, the locations they appreciate, and how their experiences may influence their behaviors after returning home. We contend that “nature-based values” that encompass recreation, ecological integrity, wilderness, and scientific qualities of nature are particularly important to visitors and can provide a basis for communication about high and low priority places, as well as spatially explicit guidance for management agencies. Also, we show that as nature-based values increase, so do the reported and intended actions of people who visit Denali National Park and Preserve. As such, these multiple values of nature should be harnessed to inspire and energize more environmentally friendly practices in the future.

Formation of strategic priorities of industrial development of the Russian Federation as an innovative factor in overcoming crisis periods

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to search for innovative factors that contribute to the stability of the economy in times of crisis. The authors highly appreciates the role of intellectual innovations in overcoming crises in the economy. Focusing on the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of priorities for industrial development of the Russian Federation after the economic crisis of 2009, the authors hypothesized that changes in approaches to state management of economic processes were refl ected in regulatory documents and economic indicators, their analysis can point to the advantages and disadvantages of the existing institutional approach. The paper analyzes public management decisions in relation to the relevant economic indicators for the period from 2009 to 2021. It is determined that the main priorities of the state and economic policy of the Russian Federation during this period are innovative activities and the corresponding industrial policy. The choice of priorities is analyzed from the point of view of compliance with the author's methodology. The positive and negative dynamics of economic indicators as a consequence of the implementation of development priorities are studied, with an emphasis on crisis periods. Based on the results of the study, the authors argues that the choice of state development priorities had a positive impact on the stability of the economy, but the lack of integrity in strategizing did not allow achieving maximum effi ciency. This leads to the conclusion that a scientifi cally based institutional approach with the alignment of strategic priorities in a holistic national strategy can be a separate innovative factor of economic stability in times of crisis.

The Impact of Good Governance on the Quality of Public Management Decision Making

Decision-making in public management is a complex and crucial process in carrying out government functions. Appropriate and effective decisions can bring positive changes to society and help achieve development goals. This study aims to analyse the impact of good governance on the quality of public management decision-making. The current research type is qualitative. Data collection techniques include listening and recording important information to conduct data analysis through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study state that Good Governance has a significant positive impact on the quality of decision-making in public management. The concept of Good Governance includes transparency, public participation, accountability, rule of law, professionalism, and technology utilisation. The implementation of Good Governance principles brings various benefits, including increased transparency, strengthened public participation, increased bureaucratic efficiency, improved quality of public services, encouraging economic growth, and creating social peace and stability.

From noise to knowledge: Improving evidentiary standards for program efficacy to better inform public policy and management decisions

AbstractCurrent approaches employed by U.S.‐based clearinghouses to rate the efficacy of interventions to address social problems typically do not result in sufficient information to help practitioners. Current standards of evidence employed across the United States apply a positivist notion of validity with quantitative research criteria that discourage answering important how and why questions, explicitly privilege quantitative/RCT evidence, offer few contextual insights, and rarely discuss disparities in outcomes across participants differing by race, gender, and ethnicity. We offer a set of standards of evidence to assess qualitative and mixed methods studies, as well as RCTs and quasi‐experimental designs, and probe the extent to which the studies address context and equity. We applied our proposed new standards of evidence to all intervention studies rated as the highest quality by the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education from 2017 to 2021 to demonstrate the usefulness of our standards.

Retracted: A Decision Model for Public Economic Environment Monitoring and Management Decision Using Improved Ant Colony Algorithm.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4096566.].

Examination in the Conditions of the Moratorium Regime

The paper attempts to theoretically substantiate a new legal institution in the system of administrative law, which requires independent scientific understanding. The author identifies the essential features of the moratorial administrative law regime, allowing to determine its place and purpose in the system of administrative law regulation. In the process of analyzing the urgent legal norms adopted in the Russian Federation in recent years, it has been established that many administrative law institutions are implemented within the framework of the moratorium regime. One of them is the Institute of expertise in the field of public administration. On the one hand, examination as a professional tool for assessing legally significant circumstances and facts necessary for making a public management decision provides an additional safeguard of compliance with the interests of the state, society and the individual in the implementation of economic or other activities. On the other hand, it acts as an administrative barrier, the overcoming of which requires additional time, labor, and financial costs from the participants of legal relations. In this regard, the establishment of moratorium measures in the implementation of the institute of expertise in the field of public administration should be recognized as justified in emergency conditions. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the main types of the moratorium in the field of state expert activity.

No Thanks, Dear AI! Understanding the Effects of Disclosure and Deployment of Artificial Intelligence in Public Sector Recruitment

Abstract Applications based on artificial intelligence (AI) play an increasing role in the public sector and invoke political discussions. Research gaps exist regarding the disclosure effects—reactions to disclosure of the use of AI applications—and the deployment effect—efficiency gains in data savvy tasks. This study analyzes disclosure effects and explores the deployment of an AI application in a preregistered field experiment (n = 2,000) co-designed with a public organization in the context of employer-driven recruitment. The linear regression results show that disclosing the use of the AI application leads to significantly less interest in an offer among job candidates. The explorative analysis of the deployment of the AI application indicates that the person–job fit determined by the leaders can be predicted by the AI application. Based on the literature on algorithm aversion and digital discretion, this study provides a theoretical and empirical disentanglement of the disclosure effect and the deployment effect to inform future evaluations of AI applications in the public sector. It contributes to the understanding of how AI applications can shape public policy and management decisions, and discusses the potential benefits and downsides of disclosing and deploying AI applications in the public sector and in employer-driven recruitment.

ASPECTS OF PUBLIC CRISIS MANAGEMENT: BEST PRACTICES AND POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

At the article, the experience of public crisis management in the post-war period in Japan and Germany was considered. Among the main features of crisis measures, the following were highlighted: demonopolization of the economy, support for the development of small and medium businesses, tax reform, accelerated industrialization of technologically backward regions of the country, government protectionism of local production, and prevention of foreign and domestic competition. At the article the special attention was paid to the crisis measures used by the governments of some countries in the management of certain depressed areas (Germany, Great Britain, Italy, USA). It was revealed that the key is to stimulate production, business and increase employment in the regions. However, some countries are taking comprehensive measures to improve all regions simultaneously, while others are paying more attention to economically backward regions in order to provide them with the opportunity to take an active part in the socio-economic development of the country. Separately, public crisis management decisions taken by a number of governments in order to minimize the negative consequences of the global financial crisis of 2008 were analyzed. All activities can be combined into several main blocks, namely the creation of an additional system of social protection for employees, the expansion of opportunities for employment growth, the development and implementation of retraining and advanced training programs for employees. Keywords: public crisis management, best practices, implementation, support, government, economic development.

ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING IN INFORMATION SECURITY OF AGRARIAN POLICY: OPPORTUNITIES FROM CIVIL SOCIETY

The article aims to substantiate and highlight the theoretical provisions and methodical approaches to forming accounting and reporting following the modern informational requirements of the social, economic, and political systems. In the research process, modern general scientific methods and research techniques were used: in particular, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, systemic approach, dialectical, inductive, deductive, and abstract-logical. The research is based on the fundamental provisions regarding the development of accounting and reporting of the agricultural sector of the economy, the theory of management of the farming sector and the principles of sustainable development in current economic conditions, the need to improve the legislative and regulatory framework of reporting the activities of agro-industrial complex enterprises is substantiated. The theoretical provisions and methodical approaches are summarized, significant shortcomings are identified, and suggestions are provided for developing and improving the information system of accounting and reporting of agricultural enterprises based on sustainable development, which meets the growing needs of society - elements of scientific novelty. The scientific and applied justification of the development of accounting and reporting for adequate information provision of rural policy in the context of implementing the principles of civil society the mechanism that stabilizes relations between the state, which provides guarantees of rights and freedoms, creates conditions for the development of civil society, has gained further development. The results of the study can be used by all agricultural enterprises that are faced with the need to rethink and search for high-quality and transparent communication interaction between representatives of society, business, and the state interested in the country's sustainable development. The correct collection, generation, and analysis of statistical data as components of achieving modern management goals in conditions of increased risks determine the dynamism of forming the information system for public management decisions. Keywords: reporting, statistics, agrarian policy, agriculture, management of information flows, civil society.

ІННОВАЦІЙНА АКТИВНІСТЬ БІЗНЕС-СТАРТАПІВ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ДЛЯ ПОВОЄННОЇ ВІДБУДОВИ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

In the post-war period, the Ukrainian authorities should understand the importance of business development, its role and place in the transformation of the economy and the development of local economic development. The article studies the subjects of the startup ecosystem (startup companies, service companies, state and local authorities, investors, competence centers, expert environment, change agents, infrastructure companies, stock exchanges and brokerage companies) and their leading functions. The article identifies the newest global startups and the most successful domestic startups in the pre-war period. Even during the war, Ukrainian startups (CareTech Human, Lab, Mindly Pleso therapy, MISU, Cardio.AI) continue to develop and are supported internationally. Today, at the level of our country, thanks to the institutional support of the Government, the foundation is being laid for creating a favorable environment for the development of startups, in particular for the development of small business: transfer of the Innovation Development Fund to the management sphere of the Ministry of Digital Transformation; grant funding and technology support needed to strengthen the country. It has been found that for the development of a national system of "sustainable development – security," the core should be innovative security with the supporting effect of high-quality socio-economic deve­lopment of national security. The main tasks of managing the component in the context of sustainable development and post-war recovery are: 1) the use of new technologies, the digital economy and science in solving the problems of recovery; 2) the use of new technologies as a tool for creating new jobs and development opportunities; 3) strategic forecasting to ensure that technologies meet the needs and requirements in various industries; 4) strategic forecasting and evaluation activities. Emphasis is placed on the fact that systemic innovation policy, regardless of the types of innovations, must meet the goals of sustainable development. The paper presents the ratio of the growth of innovation activity of Ukrainian startups (product startups, MilitaryTech and cybersecurity, HealthTech and mental health, FoodTech and sustainable development, EdTech and educational projects, projects for the restoration of infrastructure and construction) to further assess their impact on the economic development of the region and the effectiveness of public management decisions by local authorities in terms of institutional support, in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals, regions and society as a whole.

Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS-CoV-2.

MODELING OF LABOR POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE: FORMATION OF KNOWLEDGE BASE

The adaptation of the Ukrainian economy to the requirements of the European Union requires increasing the effectiveness of the system of making public management decisions regarding the development and assessment of the labor potential of our country. Currently, a unified system of evaluation indicators of the labor potential of Ukraine has not yet been developed. The authors substantiated and systematized the groups of medico-demographic, socio-economic and educational factors that affect the health of the employed population, and suggested the use of the "preserving the health of the employed population" indicator for assessing the labor potential. Accordingly, a mathematical model for evaluating the health of the employed population at the macro level is proposed, which is based on the theory of fuzzy logic. The application of the proposed model will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the system of public management decision-making in the process of developing concepts, strategies, and practical measures for the implementation of policies for the preservation of the health of the employed population, as well as to make timely adjustments during implementation, which should positively reflect on the steady growth of the index human development (HDI).

Changes in the system of country’s population health care depending on the level of providing affordable housing

This paper is devoted to providing affordable housing as a significant factor in public health management, inclusive growth, and SDG. The purpose is to empirically prove changes in the system of country’s population health care depending on the level of providing affordable housing. The empirical base includes time series and panel data for 27 EU countries during 2011–2019. Due to correlation analysis (Shapiro-Wilk testing, Spearman or Pearson correlation, lags in time), regression analysis, and building a dynamic panel estimation model with Sargan testing in STATA, the study empirically confirmed and formalized the impact of affordable housing funding on changes in the system of country’s population health care. In particular, the study found the dependence between overcrowding level and the share of homeowners with mortgages (a decrease of overcrowding level by an average of 0.61% with a time lag of 2 years due to an increase by 1%); the share of tenants on concessional terms/free (0.41% with a time lag of 3 years); and the share of public spending on housing development (0.25% with a time lag of 3 years). The direct relationship between the overcrowding and mortality from dangerous diseases (tuberculosis, AIDS, viral hepatitis, mental and behavioral disorders, diabetes, pneumonia) was also revealed. Public spending on housing under social protection programs (subsidies, etc.) proved to be the least effective. Preference should be given to the development of affordable mortgage lending (faster and greater effect). Generally, it impacts public management decisions in the health care system, social, and housing spheres. AcknowledgmentsThe study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and performed the results of the project “Economic and mathematical modeling and forecasting, development of methodological and methodological foundations for creating a roadmap for reforming the health care system in Ukraine, taking into account behavioral, social, economic and legal determinants” (Agreement БФ / 24-2021).This study received funding under the research subsidy of the Department of Applied Social Sciences of the Faculty of Organization and Management of the Silesian University of Technology for the year 2022 (13/020/BK_22/0072).

Rapid, point-of-care antigen tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Rapid, point-of-care antigen tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prospects for the Development of Foreign Trade of Kazakhstan with the Countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

The study is devoted to the study of the prospects for the development of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade with the countries of the Comprehensive Regional Economic Partnership (CREP) by analyzing the indicators of the openness of the economy and the use of econometric forecasting models. The relevance of the work is due to the need to consider the prospects for the development of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade relations with the new trade association CREP for further formation of directions for the development of such relations based on the principles of evidence-based policy, since the results obtained in the study can serve as a basis for making public management decisions in the field of trade and customs policy. Within the framework of the article, the authors applied a strategy of combined research methods with a comparative analysis of the results of using each of them. Thus, econometric methods of Box-Jenkins forecasting, exponential smoothing with the use of tests to check their adequacy and validity were used. Forecast errors are calculated, such as the root-mean-square error, the average absolute error and the average absolute error as a percentage. The study resulted in forecasts of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade turnover with the CREP countries for the short term, which allowed us to conclude about the positive dynamics of the development of these trade relations. A more accurate forecast is presented based on the use of the exponential smoothing method, which demonstrates the smallest error size and is easier to apply.

Citizen participation matters. Bureaucratic discretion matters more

AbstractNew Public Governance theory increases citizen participation and expands bureaucrats' roles in the work of government. Citizen participation creates new mechanisms for citizens to influence the policy process. Bureaucrats' expanded roles allow for broader bureaucratic discretion over policy implementation. When citizens' and bureaucrats' views on public management decisions collide, whose views prevail? Do citizen volunteers or bureaucrats have greater influence over public decisions? We answer this question by studying the U.S. Department of Energy's initiative to engage citizens in environmental clean‐up decisions. We assess 10 years of meeting records and administrative decisions using a three‐step, mixed‐method analysis to identify, weigh, and test the influence of citizen participation and bureaucratic discretion. The results indicate that while citizen participation matters, bureaucratic discretion has a more significant influence over administrative decision‐making. The findings expose holes in New Public Governance theory, which has implications for democracy and demands deeper thought into structuring citizen participation.

Perceived inclusivity and trust in protected area management decisions among stakeholders in Alaska

Abstract The success of conservation initiatives often depends on the inclusion of diverse stakeholder interests in the decision‐making process. Yet, there is a paucity of empirical knowledge concerning the factors that explain why stakeholders do—or do not— believe that they are meaningfully represented by government agencies. Our study provides insight into the relationship between trust and stakeholder perceptions of inclusivity in public land management decisions. Here, we focus on the U.S. state of Alaska, where almost two‐thirds of the land area are managed by the federal government. We used structural equation modelling to test whether an individual's trust and the information sources used to learn about land management positively influenced perceived inclusivity. We conceptualized trust in terms of four dimensions that reflected an individual's disposition to trust, trust in the federal government, trust in shared values and trust that agencies adhere to a moral code. We found that survey respondents across the U.S. state of Alaska had a limited disposition to trust others, did not trust federal land management agencies, did not believe agencies shared their values pertaining to protected area management and did not believe that agencies adhered to a moral code. Beliefs about the morality of agencies were the primary driver of perceived inclusivity in land management decisions, indicating that agencies should focus on solving problems through deliberation and discussion about moral principles rather than by force. Information acquired from professional, community‐based or environmental advocacy exchanges also positively influenced perceived levels of involvement among stakeholders in resource management decisions. These results provide a roadmap for how land management agencies can improve public relations and work towards a model of inclusive conservation around protected areas. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.