Public Life Research Articles

Tobacco smoking during COVID-19 pandemic among social media users in Russia

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced countries to take various restrictive measures, including “lockdowns”, which may have affected tobacco smoking. The study explored associations between an increase in smoking, sociodemographic, and related to pandemic factors during pandemic among social media users in Russia. Methods Between June-September 2020, 1518 users of the most popular in Russia social media networks participated in online survey investigating changes in alcohol, tobacco, and substance use during pandemic. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with an increase in tobacco smoking. The analysis was adjusted for sex, level of education, perception of the severity of public life restrictions, negative work/financial consequences of the pandemic, stress, changes in the frequency of drinking, heavy episodic drinking (6 or more standard drinks at a time), and the volume of alcohol consumed on a typical occasion. Results 46.8% of the surveyed population were current smokers. 17.0% of them reduced, 37.9% increased, and 45.1% didn’t change their smoking during the pandemic. Relative to those whose smoking reduced or didn’t change, those who increased their smoking were more likely to be: 18-29 years old (OR = 1.906; 95% CI = 1.109-3.277), residents of medium to big cities (up to 1 mln inhabitants) (1.519; 1.017-2.270), had their income reduced (1.508; 1.024-2.222), faced severe restrictions in everyday life as a result of measures taken to contain SARS-CoV-2 (2.398; 1.440-3.758). After introducing alcohol consumption variables to the model, only two factors were associated with an increase in smoking: severe restrictions in everyday life (2.147; 1.227-3.993) and increased frequency of heavy episodic drinking during pandemic (2.338; 1.167-4.685). Conclusions Increase in tobacco smoking during pandemic was associated with severe restrictions in everyday life and increased frequency of heavy episodic drinking among social media users in Russia. Key messages • More than a third of social media users increased tobacco smoking during pandemic, which was associated with severe restrictions in everyday life and increased frequency of heavy episodic drinking. • During pandemics and similar public health crises, it is advisable to expand remote counseling services for alcohol and tobacco cessation, which can be delivered through social media.

Longing for a Broken Politics to Be Healed A Book Symposium of Michael Wear’s The Spirit of Our Politics

Michael's Wear's 2024 book, The Spirit of Our Politics, inaugurates a unique and meaty symposium in the JSFSC that focuses on practical theologies of spiritual formation issues of public life. Wear's book delivers a discerning application of Dallas Willard's perspective to areas of political life. Symposium contributors include Michael Wear, Todd Hunter, Kyle David Bennet, Kaitlyn Schiess, and Chine McDonald. Guest Editor Joseph E. Gorra introduces the symposium, offering context on Wear, his book, and a call for further contributions in his Afterword. After Wear's book précis, Hunter, Bennett, and Schiess weave important themes of pneumatology, family spirituality, and ecclesiology as practitioner factors shaping the vitality of a Christian spiritual formation of public life. McDonald underscores the importance of incarnation, imagination, and invitation when leading institutions of public life. All contributors underscore how spiritual formation is central to civic renewal. Michael Wear's response integrates important themes among the papers, underscoring that Christian spiritual formation does not take place in isolation from actual contexts of public life.

Information as public good and public service media in Europe: Introduction to this special issue

The right to public life has been one of the most important achievements of modernity. It was a result of long and painful civil struggles for dignity in a democratic public sphere. While de jure we are all welcome in the public sphere, de facto rapid processes of fragmentation and numerous contexts of misinformation insulate the actual chances of meaningful contribution to public life. Platform users are aggressively approached as consumers of goods and services and continuously stimulated to produce large quantities of any content, just to feed the voracious platforms. The sobering truth is that many people on the private high-tech platforms do not act like true democrats, but like private individuals who pursue very personal aims. At the same time, a private person does not have a mandate to act in the public interest of the rest of the citizens. For these reasons, we turn to information as a public good and public responsibility in this special issue. It is about media as a public service that allows democracy to keep centre stage within a polity. When citizens interact with relevant public information, they build the capacity to control their political environment, to form informed opinions and act upon them. When this basic desideratum is not structurally at the core of society, one cannot even start to consider democracy as the first course of action for the generations to come. Information as a public good is not a thing of nature, but a purposeful action. We take this stance when we approach information as a public good, rather than some residual category of market failure. The scope of this special issue is to analyse and explore the resources and institutional settings that allow information to thrive as a public good in the European contemporary informational ecosystem.

A Review of Abnormal Crowd Behavior Recognition Technology Based on Computer Vision

Abnormal crowd behavior recognition is one of the research hotspots in computer vision. Its goal is to use computer vision technology and abnormal behavior detection models to accurately perceive, predict, and intervene in potential abnormal behaviors of the crowd and monitor the status of the crowd system in public places in real time, to effectively prevent and deal with public security risks and ensure public life safety and social order. To this end, focusing on the abnormal crowd behavior recognition technology in the computer vision system, a systematic review study of its theory and cutting-edge technology is conducted. First, the crowd level and abnormal behaviors in public places are defined, and the challenges faced by abnormal crowd behavior recognition are expounded. Then, from the dimensions based on traditional methods and based on deep learning, the mainstream technologies of abnormal behavior recognition are discussed, and the design ideas, advantages, and limitations of various methods are analyzed. Next, the mainstream software tools are introduced to provide a comprehensive reference for the technical framework. Secondly, typical abnormal behavior datasets at home and abroad are sorted out, and the characteristics of these datasets are compared in detail from multiple perspectives such as scale, characteristics, and uses, and the performance indicators of different algorithms on the datasets are compared and analyzed. Finally, the full text is summarized and the future development direction of abnormal crowd behavior recognition technology is prospected.

Understanding the aims of education from a perspective of social ecology

Introduction. The article discusses the features of approaches to understanding issues in the philosophy of education, based on the principles and data of social ecology. Such environmentalist approaches, anticipated in E. Haeckel’s works, are actively developing today, which is reflected, in particular, in the existence of specialized periodicals and the formation of special thematic spaces for discussion.Purpose setting. The authors attempt to identify the socio- philosophical foundations of environmentalist approaches to education. At the center of the discussion presented in the article are environmentalist judgments regarding the question of the goals of education.Methodology and methods of the study. To solve this problem, the authors carry out a content-critical and comparative analysis of environmental solutions presented in domestic and foreign literature.Results. It is shown that from a socio-philosophical point of view, the environmentalist understanding of the relationship between the spheres of public life is not without interest. Many of the supporters of this direction make critical judgments regarding the influence of economic social institutions on the functioning of society and its development. Environmental problems, for which the educational transformations proposed by environmentalists are aimed at finding solutions, are determined from their point of view by social factors. In fact, environmental themes are used by environmentalists to argue for different views on education, based on differing attitudes not only of a theoretical but also of a political nature.Conclusion. The analysis carried out shows that it is advisable to consider environmentalism and social ecological philosophy of education as a thematically homogeneous complex of substantively different solutions. Such approaches are the result of reflection on the classical problems of philosophy of education with the help of «ecological» values and cognitive attitudes.

Έργα και ημέρες ενός διαβόητου συκοφάντη (;) στην Αθήνα του 4ου αι. π.Χ.: Θεοκρίνης Υβάδης

Theocrines was a well-known sycophant who often brought false charges against his fellow citizens in the hope of profiting financially. This is what Epichares asserts in his oration Against Theocrines, delivered ca. 343-338 BCE, in order to avenge his father. Theocrines had earlier charged and successfully prosecuted Epichares' father for proposing an illegal decree. This led Epichares to bring a denunciation against Theocrines, claiming that his adversary had violated numerous laws on several occasions. Apart from this speech, two epigraphic testimonies also provide biographical details about Theocrines. These inscriptions suggest that, following his trial, he took on public offices as a public arbitrator and councillor. This article aims to combine these different aspects of Theocrines' life and challenge the negative and stereotypical depiction of him as a notorious sycophant. This portrayal has been predominant in modern studies primarily because they heavily rely on Epichares's speech alone. Hence, the critical question arises whether this speech delivered by a vindictive Epichares can be taken literally to draw reliable conclusions about the reprehensible practices attributed to Theocrines. Characterizing Theocrines solely as a sycophant is debatable and only represents one facet of his public life. Thus, by examining these varied sources, we can develop certain hypotheses about Theocrines' character, the substance of Epichares' claims, and the workings of Athenian democracy.

Adding Life to Years: Comprehensive end-of-life care for all

This study builds upon our 2019 End-of-Life Care (EoLC) research, focusing on enhancing the quality and accessibility of EoLC in Hong Kong. With the introduction of the Advance Decision on Life-sustaining Treatment Bill, we identified the need for a more comprehensive approach to address the full spectrum of care needs beyond medical decisions. Our methodology leveraged insights from diverse stakeholders across various sectors and disciplines. The study revealed critical gaps in the system, service provision, and education related to EoLC. We propose six key recommendations: (1) develop a territory-wide standardised advance care planning (ACP) framework, (2) formulate an EoLC service strategy, (3) establish clear communication pathways to connect EoLC services, (4) promote public life and death education, (5) equip community professionals with ACP training, and (6) enhance university curriculum and on-the-job training in health and social care. These recommendations aim to create a cohesive EoLC ecosystem that respects individual preferences, optimises resource allocation, and addresses the challenges of an aging population. By implementing changes at system, service, and education levels, we envision EoLC in Hong Kong to be delivered in a person-centred, dignified, and coordinated manner, ensuring compassionate care at the final stage of life.

Towards the Concept of Digital Grassroots Youth Innovation

In recent years, young people have acquired a more active role in different areas of public life, such as culture, politics and gender debates. However, the relevance of their role in innovation processes has remained largely undiscussed. Are young people, in particular those from working class backgrounds, a forgotten actor for innovation and technological change policies? This study aims to understand whether the youth population—who are widely connected to the Internet, who do not necessarily participate in formal educational spaces but are increasingly acquiring digital skills autonomously—can be considered as an agent of innovation. Specifically, this study aims to propose and define the concept of Digital Grassroots Youth Innovation. It is based on both empirical and theoretical sources. On the one hand, it relies on a compilation of experiences of innovative activities related to digital technologies led by young people in Argentina. On the other hand, it is supported by a theoretical discussion on (a) the different types of innovations and their subjects, (b) the specificities of the ‘marginal mass’ in informational capitalism and (c) the characterisation of the young population in Argentina as ‘NEET’ (not in education, employment or training). Finally, we ask about the role played by digital technologies and non-formal learning in these particular innovation processes.

The Pursuit for Cosmic Wisdom and ‘Promethean’ Leadership in the Pythagorean and Al-Fārābīan Political Philosophy

This study reflects on aspects of the Pythagorean political philosophy and compares them to those of Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Fārābī’s thought. Both share a key assumption: excellent rulers must be political scientists who seek divine guidance to ensure the prevalence of reason over passions in public life while reconciling society with the harmony and wisdom of the cosmos. By imitating God’s perfection and incorporating divine wisdom into governance, virtuous rulers promote felicity, prosperity and peace within a city. We highlight al-Fārābī’s emphasis on the role of religion in enabling citizens to internalize the wisdom of the cosmos, thereby minimising the need for coercion in the pursuit of order and social concord. In addition, the populace leverages the superior knowledge of each governor while observing their behaviour. Thus, the people have a share in the exercise of political power. This insistence on the involvement of the populace in politics aligns with the concept of ‘political Prometheism’.

Obraz regionu w opowiadaniach gwarowych Klemensa Frenszkowskiego. Wybrane zagadnienia

The aim of this article is to restore to public memory the literary output of Klemens Frenszkowski as the author of stories in the Warmian dialect prepared for publication. The analytical material consists of 24 stories of various genre provenance, the content of which concerns the everyday life of Warmians at the threshold of the 20th century. Problematisation distinguished three scopes. The social and family context involves the reconstruction of the author's biography on the basis of historical sources and literary texts. The cultural context concerns the realities of everyday life, fragments of customs and beliefs practised by the Warmian characters. The political-military context concerns the realities of public life (military service and politics).

Media Text: Technology of Influence on the Audience

The article focuses on the analysis of media texts as tools for influencing public opinion and behavior. It examines key concepts of media texts, their components, as well as manipulation technologies used to shape audience attitudes and beliefs. The study explores methods of emotional and rational influence employed in media texts, such as fact selection, framing, stereotyping, and context omission. It also addresses the issues of fake news and disinformation, which have become increasingly relevant in the digital age. The conclusion highlights the importance of critical media literacy in successfully countering manipulative media content. In the context of globalization and digitalization, the role of media texts in public life is growing, and their ability to impact audiences has become an important subject of analysis. The main goal of this article is to analyze the mechanisms through which media texts influence audiences and to identify key technologies used for manipulating consciousness.

THE ETHICS OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORK IS A BASIC PILLAR FOR ACHIEVING COMMUNITY SECURITY

Objective: This study aims to highlight one of the main roles of civil society within the legal entity of the state, in light of the participatory approach carried by the constitutional amendment in Algeria for the year 2020, through participation in the moralization of public life and contributing to achieving community security. Methods: The nature of the study required the use of different approaches. In its theoretical aspect, the descriptive approach was used to explain the participatory approach introduced by the Algerian constitutional amendment of 2020, while the tools of the analytical approach were used to discuss and analyze some parts of the study related to the ways and obstacles to employing the participatory approach on the ground, and the challenges that await it in order to achieve the desired community security. Results and discussion: In light of the challenges facing societies today, especially in light of technological developments and the accompanying fifth-generation wars at this particular time, which have made the idea a destructive weapon for the social fabric and an imminent threat to societal security within countries; for this reason, this study presents solutions to enhance the participatory approach decided upon from the technical and practical side, especially with regard to proposals for specialized training, and reorganizing the house of civil society organizations, before determining executive powers regulated by laws related to their activity. Conclusion: The participatory approach introduced by the 2020 constitutional amendment included important gains that we appreciate, but it faces practical obstacles due to its shortcomings and lack of activation mechanisms; this is what this study presents in the results reached, especially those related to rehabilitating the human cadre supervising civil society, and entrusting it with sufficient powers and guarantees capable of providing added value within the framework of achieving the desired community security, regulated by new legal frameworks that we propose within the framework of (the Associations Law - the Local Authorities Law...), parts of which the study proposes to amend.

Творческий юбилей Галимджана Ибрагимова (на примере архивных источников)

The article presents with archival materials in which the celebrations of the twentieth anniversary of the Tatar literature classic, publicist, public figure Galimjan Ibragimov, held in 1928, are documented. The funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan) and the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) have a protocol and a transcript from the celebrations dedicated to this anniversary. The protocol is printed in Tatar, the transcript is presented in Russian. Due to a serious lung disease, the writer was residing in Yalta for treatment at the time. The preparation and holding of events was organised at the highest level, the anniversary date was celebrated even outside the Tatar Republic. Although G. Ibragimov was not able to attend the event personally, the anniversary was held on a large scale and was broadcast on the radio. A concert was organised and a play based on the writer’s drama New People was staged. At the end of the event, a telegram with anniversary greetings to the hero of the day was read and later sent to Yalta. Later, G. Ibragimov sent a reply telegram with words of gratitude to the editorial offices of the newspapers “Kyzyl Tatarstan” and “Eshche”. Among those invited and speaking were prominent literary and public figures and orientalists (I. Rakhmatullin, G. Nigmati, G. Linstser), birthday greetings from various addressees from Russian cities and abroad were read out. The transcript is very voluminous. As can be seen from the content, prominent figures took part in the meeting, such as N. Tyuryakulov, I. Borozdin, A.N. Maksudov, B.Kh. Mansurov, A.M. Arsharuni. The speakers’ speeches trace the significant role of G. Ibragimov in the public life of the Tatar people, as a literary scholar, researcher and public figure. The article provides quotes from archival documents in the original language and facts concerning the writer’s creative anniversary from the periodical press of the first half of the 20th century.

ETHNO-CULTURAL NATURE OF NAMES RELATED TO SACRED PLACES IN SYR REGION

Any nation's unique identity, traditions, material and spiritual heritage, which have formed since ancient times, are a reflection of the life path of that nation. The heritage from ancient times is not only a simple witness of history for today's generation but also a high pillar of our modern culture. Our goal is to increase the need to study and master the material and spiritual heritage through ethnocultural analysis of the names related to sacred places, introducing onyms, previously excluded from research, into scientific discourse. To achieve this objective, it will be essential to solve the following tasks: Separation of the names related to the public and social life of people in the country into several groups; Classify the names of sacred places based on their lexical-semantic types. The methods of analysis, systematization, ethno linguistic analysis of language data, and descriptive approaches were used during the research. An overview of the works of domestic and foreign scientists of the mentioned nature was made. The need to study and promote sacred places is that they have essential historical, cultural and social-political significance. Sacred places show the depth of the roots of ethnic consciousness and the people's high spiritual level; they are also considered one of the key mechanisms of restoration and renewal of ethnic, historical, cultural and religious memory. Twelve objects along the Syr are included in the list of sacred places of Kazakhstan. They are: Shirik-Rabat town, Zhankent town, Begim Ana tower, Zhent, Syganaq town, Oqshy ata mausoleum, Qorasan ata mausoleum, Tolegetai-Qylyshty Ata mausoleum, Zhanqozha batyr mausoleum, Buqarbai batyr mausoleum, Qorqyt Ata monument complex, icon of Mother of God dedicated to the Sacred Kazan Cathedral (Sacred Kazan Cathedral Icon of God's Mother). Some places are not included in this list. Word formation and lexical-semantic analysis of the names of sacred places were made, and their features were highlighted. Although sacred places in the Syr region are studied from a historical-archaeological, literary, and ethnographic point of view, the article was based on studying them from an ethnolinguistic point of view in connection with the national values characteristic of the ethnos.

Legal aspects of ensuring state Security of Ukraine with the help of artificial intelligence in the light of the experience of the Olympic Games in Paris 2024

In this article, the authors research the legal aspects of ensuring the State security of Ukraine with the help of artificial intelligence, taking into account the experience of the Olympic Games in Paris in 2024. The relevance of the research is due to the growing challenges to the use of artificial intelligence in public life and the need to respect the right to privacy. It is established that after lengthy discussions, the technology of face recognition using artificial intelligence was not introduced at the Olympic Games in Paris. It is substantiated that the main areas for improving the current regulatory framework in Ukraine for the use of artificial intelligence and ensuring the privacy of citizens and avoiding possible human rights violations are as follows: in the context of the introduction of face recognition technology, it is important to have detailed rules governing the scope and application of measures, as well as reliable safeguards against the risk of abuse and arbitrariness (the need for legal safeguards is much greater when it comes to the use of real-time face recognition technology); the processing of personal data in the application of face recognition technology must be justified and require a high level of justification; the use of face recognition technology for forensic identification of suspects. It is proved that when identifying real threats to the state security of Ukraine at the present stage in the context of the possible introduction of face recognition technology, it is important to have detailed rules governing the scope and application of measures, as well as reliable guarantees against the risk of abuse and arbitrariness. The inevitable need for legal guarantees for the implementation and protection of citizens’ privacy, especially when it comes to the use of real-time face recognition technology, is derived from the content of the State Security Strategy.

Economic Aspects of the Development of Civil Society Institutions in the Late Imperial Period on the Example of the Smolensk House of Diligence

The study of the history of charity makes it possible to more accurately identify the initial period of the creation of the foundations of civil society in Russia. The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Smolensk House of Diligence as an example of charitable practice in the Russian Empire of the late XIX – early XX century. Using a specific example, the author examines the history of the creation and development of houses of diligence in the regional plane, their role in public life and their influence on the formation of basic narratives of civil society in the imperial reality of that period. Special attention is paid to the analysis of economic aspects within the framework of the Smolensk House of Diligence and their role in the formation of new principles of “non-pedigree” communication in the society of post-reform Russia. The study allows the author to conclude that the study of projects such as the activities of charitable societies through the prism of economic history makes it possible to more fully assess them in the context of the power aspirations of local social groups and the importance of these actors in the formation of civil society in the late Imperial period.

The concept of an individual act as the subject of a public legal dispute

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of the definition of an individual act as the subject of a public-law dispute, which is extremely relevant at the current stage of reforming state institutions and harmonizing the legislation of Ukraine in the process of negotiations on joining the European Union. The article indicates that public-law disputes regarding the appeal of individual acts cover all spheres of the public life of citizens and are a direct consequence of the implementation of public­authority management functions by subjects of authority. The state of administration of justice by administrative courts in 2020-2023 was studied, and a conclusion was made about the increase in the number of public legal disputes considered by administrative courts. Attention is drawn to the fact that domestic legislation is inconsistent in the field of terminology. In particular, the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» uses the concept of «administrative act,» the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine uses the concept of «individual act,» and the Law of Ukraine «On Law-Making Activity» uses «acts application of law,» «other individual legal acts,» and «other legal acts that do not contain legal norms.» In connection with this, subjects of authority often approach issues of terminological apparatus in different ways when processing hundreds of legal acts. In addition, the scientific community does not have a unified approach to this issue, operating with the concepts of «legal acts of state administration», «administrative legal acts», «individual administrative acts», «individual administrative legal acts» and «legal acts of individual action». Taking into account the researched material, it is indicated that most often an individual act is equated with the concept of an administrative act, which is narrower. Therefore, in the context of a public legal dispute, which includes both administrative and judicial appeals, it is appropriate to use the term individual act. It has been concluded that a unified understanding of the definition of an individual act by the scientific community and the legislator is extremely important, as it forms a unified approach to their application. Therefore, the definition of an individual act is proposed.

The system of international legal norms and principles – the basis of legal regulation of the activities of national law enforcement bodies

It is indicated that the introduction of advanced international and European norms regarding the functioning of law enforcement agencies into Ukrainian legislation is a key indicator that the country not only declares a sustainable course for the democratization of all aspects of public life, but also takes concrete measures for its implementation. Ukraine has made significant progress in this direction, but there are still a number of challenges, the legal analysis of which will contribute to the further approximation of the domestic system of law enforcement agencies to global and European standards. In this context, one of the priority areas of scientific research is the justification of the need to update and improve the ethical codes of conduct of law enforcement officers based on international standards. This task becomes particularly relevant in view of the need for constant improvement of professional ethics and standards of behavior in the law enforcement sphere. This approach will not only improve the efficiency of law enforcement agencies, but also strengthen public trust in them, which is crucial for building the rule of law and civil society. In addition, it will allow Ukraine to demonstrate its commitment to the principles of the rule of law and the protection of human rights in the international arena. The article examines the system of international legal norms and principles that form the basis of legal regulation of the activities of national law enforcement agencies. Two groups of international standards are distinguished. The first group includes international legal acts that declare human rights and freedoms, primarily those that may be violated by the unethical behavior of law enforcement officers as representatives of state bodies. The second group represents international legal standards of professional and ethical behavior of employees of a specific law enforcement agency, the norms of which directly indicate the proper behavior of law enforcement officers in a specific area of law enforcement activity (judicial, prosecutorial, police, investigative, etc.). The main emphasis is on the need to cover the rules of professional ethical behavior of employees of all law enforcement agencies without exception, including those legally endowed with special rights and competence.

Information technology and its role in the activities of judicial institutions

The article is devoted to the definition of the month and the role of information technology in the activities of judicial authorities. It is established that information technology is a set of methods and tools designed for effective work with information. Regardless of how technologies change or how they are used in various spheres of public life, their main purpose remains unchanged - to ensure the collection, processing, accumulation and use of information. It is substantiated that the integrated use of information technologies in the administration of justice is considered to be one of the key elements of a significant improvement of the functioning of the judicial system of Ukraine. The possibility of online access to court registers, information on the stages of court proceedings, and electronic exchange of legal documents are just a few examples which have become possible due to the introduction of information technology into the work of domestic courts. This type of technology can be used to increase the transparency and accountability of the judiciary, thereby helping it to perform its functions and duties in a more efficient manner. Modern technologies allow judges and court staff to access large electronic databases, including case law and regulations, which greatly simplifies and speeds up the decision-making process. The ability to use e-mail and other digital communication tools has ensured efficiency and convenience in the exchange of information between all participants in the judicial process. Another important achievement is that citizens can now apply to the court electronically, making justice more accessible and convenient. This innovation reduces barriers to going to court, speeds up the process of submitting documents and allows participants in the proceedings to track their progress in real time. Thus, information technology not only facilitates the work of courts, but also makes justice more transparent, accessible and efficient, which ultimately increases public confidence in the judicial system as a whole. The use of information technology together with the Internet has opened up the judicial system to the public.

Lexical-semantic analysis of toponyms of khojavand district

The onomastic system of the Azerbaijani language did not remain stable, it constantly changed, and onomastic units replaced one another over time or new ones were created. This event does not happen suddenly, but in connection with the social-political, economic, and historical events taking place in the country and the world, it happens over time and is based on certain regularities. The new onomastic unit created in our language is created according to the rules of the Azerbaijani language and reflects the characteristics of our language. By studying and researching the onomastic units that indicate the antiquity of the Azerbaijani language, it is possible to reveal a number of issues related to the past and language of the people, and to help solve important problems of language, history, ethnography, geography and other fields of science. Toponyms, which form a branch of onomastics, are formed in different forms. The linguistic analysis of toponyms gives us information about the past, history, language, culture, public and social life of the people. In this regard, the study of toponyms of Khojavand region and their historical-linguistic analysis is very important. Place names provide conditions for studying the geographical objects inhabited by people in the historical past, the areas where they are spread, and language features. In terms of studying the history of our language, toponyms are of great importance. In the creation of toponyms, various words - person, tribe, clan, animal, heavenly bodies, plant names, etc. plays an important role. There are the following groups of Azerbaijani toponyms: anthropotoponyms, ethnotoponyms, hydrotoponyms, zootoponyms, phytotoponyms. In addition, there are object names related to the relief structure of the earth: oikonyms, urbanonyms, choronyms, oronyms, dromonyms, social-political toponyms, memoir-memorial toponyms, cosmotoponyms, and descriptive toponyms.In the article, research was conducted on only a certain part of toponyms in Khojavand region.