Objective: To identify in the literature how the population deprived of their liberty accesses health services, seeking to verify the health risks to which they are exposed. Methodology: integrative review, carried out in the Virtual Health Library (VHL); United States National Library of Medicine (PuBMED) databases using the descriptors prison system, public health and Brazilian penitentiary system. Results: seven publications made up the interpretative analysis, in which the lack of professionals and the very context of the prison system are challenges that directly affect the health of this population. The reality found within the prison system is worrying and deserves a more critical look when it comes to health care for this population. Conclusion: Even with the creation of public policies and laws aimed at the population deprived of their liberty, there are still many obstacles that hinder health care, such as the structural shortcomings of the SUS and the chaotic context of the prison system. There are many problems that limit health services and make them increasingly inefficient. In order to make progress in promoting health and guaranteeing their rights, it is essential to review the determinations and policies aimed at these people.
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