Service Of Public Interest Research Articles

Peran Pemerintah Desa dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik

Service is the main task of state apparatus. The scope of public interest services and services covers a broad field of public life. This mandate is contained in the 4th paragraph of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution, but in practice, Indonesian public services have not run well. Provisions of public service to public civil servants are actually the result of the functioning of state institutions as civil servants. Therefore, the position of government agencies in staffing is very strategic because it determines the extent to which the government can best serve the community. .According to the purpose of the establishment. The results of this study indicate that the role of the village government in improving the economy of rural communities can be seen from the indicators of this study: governance, development implementation, community empowerment, and village community empowerment. The research method used to compile this article is a library survey. That is, reviewing the journal references we find and adapting them to the topic of this article. Based on the literature and reviews conducted in these journals, we found an impact between the welfare of teaching staff and improving the quality of education.

Is It Possible To Adopt A Budget Of Performance In The Iraqi Government Companies?

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the extent to which material and non-material requirements are available in applying budgeting programs and performance in Iraqi governmental companies that are not aimed at achieving profits. whose activities are limited to providing services of public interest. This is done by studying the extent to which the requirements of each stage of preparing the programs and performance budget can be met. Theoretical framework: The process of evaluating financial performance is the main objective of all economic units, whether they are governmental or private economic units. Budgets contribute to the evaluation process by analyzing deviations in the application. The study includes an analytical presentation of the importance of balancing programs and performance through criticisms directed at the traditional budget, known as item balancing. Design/methodology/approach: The idea of reforming the Iraqi budget was born in the government as a result of the catastrophic failure of many government projects. After the decline in oil prices, which is the main source of financing public spending. Not to mention the war on ISIS, which made the budget sag with public spending. The study was conducted by relying on the questionnaire form. Which was distributed to a number of auditors, numbering 120 people. The study (Ho, 2018) was relied upon in conducting the applied study. Findings: The results of the survey indicate the weakness of the possibility of applying the program budget in all its six basic stages, as it mainly requires amending the accounting system. This amendment also includes the use of cost accounting as a main element on which this budget is based in order to determine the goal of each program. Research, Practical & Social implications: The traditional budget focuses on what is inevitably spent without focusing on how to manage resources under specific programmes. As a result, these effects have been reflected on many development projects, the completion of which is often delayed. Program and performance budget focuses on the program as a whole, and each program is evaluated according to what was implemented during the year. Originality/value: This study is the first of its kind, which focused on the requirements of applying budget performance in Iraqi government-affiliated companies. With the aim of determining the adoption requirements in a way that can contribute to making recommendations towards the process of adopting this type of budget.

Germany ∙ Interim Awards of Public Contracts: The Negotiated Procedure without Prior Publication and Services of General Public Interest

Germany ∙ Interim Awards of Public Contracts: The Negotiated Procedure without Prior Publication and Services of General Public Interest

Communications as a networked public service : What is left of public service in a liberalised competitive market?

The study includes the results of detailed research on what public service means among networked services. In this context, by means of a comprehensive analysis it defines the main conceptual elements, characteristics and the distinguishing criteria of public services from other services. The study groups the types of public service on a theoretical basis. Using communications as an example, it demonstrates what state, public interest and public service elements remain in the market of these services, in the competitive market environment, after the liberalisation of public services. The main question examined is whether any public service content is necessary for the functioning of market competition on the basis of consumers, public policy, the state, the provision of services and market considerations, or whether liberalisation solves everything by placing a public supply system into market competition and privatising it. The research concludes that in all cases and types the public interest operation of the “former public service” still requires certain public service elements, which the study presents along scientific grounds.

Strategic Leadership Practices on Performance of Charitable Ambulance Services in Nairobi City County, Kenya

There is no doubt that charitable organizations are critical contributors in the provision of essential services of public interest. In the recent past, the number of people contributing to charity has been reducing due to lack of financial accountability and performance concerns. The environment these organizations operate, therefore calls for leaders who will come up with radical new ideas that will enable them re-invent their organizations to perform. The study sought to find out how strategic leadership impact performance of Charitable Ambulance Services in Nairobi City County. Study objective was to examine the outcome of strategic direction, operational efficacy, human capital development, and strategic control on the performance of charitable Ambulance service organizations in Nairobi City County. The researcher used resource-based view, upper echelon and contingency theories to anchor the study on the outcome of strategic leadership practices on organizational performance. Descriptive design research was used by the researcher. Target population comprised of 144 Managers and staff, a sample of 130 responded giving a response rate of 90.28%. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software using descriptive statistics to infer to the data and connection between independent and depend variable were found using multiple regression. Pilot study was done to pretest the questionnaire. The study results show that strategic direction correlate with performance up to 22.3% which is a weak positive correlation with organizational performance. A unit change in strategic direction yields 0.171 positive changes on performance of charitable ambulance services in Nairobi County. Operational efficacy correlates with performance up to 63.4% which is a strong positive correlation. A unit change in operational efficacy yields 0.735 positive changes on performance. Human capital development correlates with performance up to 49.7% which is an average positive correlation. A unit change in human capital development yields 0.422 positive changes on performance. Strategic control correlates with performance up to 47.6% which is an average positive correlation. A unit change in strategic control yields 0.270 positive changes on performance. The Overall, analysis showed that strategic leadership practices correlate with organizational performance of charitable ambulance services up to 69.3% which is a strong positive correlation. A unit change yields 0.108 negative change in strategic direction, 0.599 positive change in operational efficacy, 0.120 positive change in human resources development and 0.135 positive change in strategic control. This change is statistically significant, meaning that strategic direction, operational efficacy, human resource development and strategic control influence on organizational performance significantly. The study recommends replication of the study using the same variable with other sectors. The study informs the strategic leadership practice in academia, students in strategic management will use the variables used in this study to study the different sectors contributing to academia. The outcome of the study is valuable to charitable ambulance service organizations as it will inform the strategic leadership practices and their influence on organizational performance.

Kamu değeri: tanımı ve ölçülmesi üzerine bir inceleme

Kamu değeri, geleneksel kamu yönetimi ve yeni kamu işletmeciliği yaklaşımlarına getirilen eleştiri noktalarında, alternatif çözümler üretmek amacıyla ortaya konulmuş bir yaklaşımdır. Geleneksel kamu yönetiminin bürokratik, merkeziyetçi ve hantal yapısı; yeni kamu işletmeciliğinin vatandaşı müşteri olarak görmesi ve ekonomik verimliliğe yaptığı aşırı vurgu, özellikle kamusal alan, kamu yararı ve kamu hizmeti alanları çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan yeni ihtiyaçlara cevap verememektedir. Kamu değeri yaklaşımı kamu yönetimleri, politikacılar, vatandaşlar ve diğer paydaşlardan oluşan bir ağ içerisinde bu üç temel alana ilişkin yeni bir rol dağılımı ve yönetim anlayışı ortaya koymaktadır. Kamu değeri kamu hizmetinin bir sonucudur ve kamu yararı için kamusal alan içerisinde yer alan tüm paydaşların katılımı ile üretilir. İlk ortaya atıldığı günden itibaren kamu yönetimi alanında genel kabul görmesine rağmen, kavrama ilişkin tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu tartışmalar özellikle kamu değerinin tanımlanması ve ölçülmesi noktalarında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Literatürde üzerinde uzlaşılmış bir tanım ve ölçüm yöntemi bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle kamu değeri alanı parçalı bir yapı sergilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, kamu değeri alanında yapılan başlıca tanımlar ve ölçüm yaklaşımları ortaya konularak; hem bu boyutlara ilişkin bir netlik kazandırılması, hem de ülkemizde gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara yol gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Manajemen Pengelolaan Dana SBSN di Kementerian Agama Tahun 2016-2019

The construction of facilities originating from State Sharia Securities (SBSN) funds has made an important contribution to increasing access to services of public interest. Using a qualitative approach , this study shows that the SBSN Fund Management System at the Ministry of Religion has supported the implementation of infrastructure development programs for the provision of religious education services, hajj services, socio-religious services and other religious services. Although it has generally been declared successful in the construction of facilities originating from SBSN funds, the constraints faced remain so that continuous innovation is needed in the construction of SBSN facilities within the Ministry of Religion

Los derechos de las audiencias: una mirada deconstructiva a los principios de actuaci�n de televisoras en Am�rica Latina

Este estudio realiza un an�lisis deconstructivo de los principios de actuaci�n de las televisoras en Am�rica Latina, con el fin de destacar las paradojas que conforman el ser y la actuaci�n de la industria de mayor influencia en la sociedad. La deconstrucci�n es un gesto pol�tico que responde a la deuda con la justicia heter�noma. De tal forma que el objetivo es deconstruir los marcos operativos y conocer qu� tanta importancia tiene para las televisoras publicar los derechos de las audiencias. Este estudio demuestra que ninguna televisora, de una muestra de 10 empresas, cumple con el compromiso de publicar en sus p�ginas electr�nicas los derechos de las audiencias proclamados por diferentes organismos, como la Organizaci�n de las Naciones Unidas, y otros organismos internacionales encargados de establecer los derechos fundamentales del ser humano, lo que nos demuestra que las televisoras se manejan seg�n sus propios intereses, y no como un servicio de inter�s p�blico a favor de la democracia. Este estudio demuestra, por tanto, que la televisi�n no es una aliada en la conformaci�n de una ciudadan�a participativa.

Fostering Local Caring Community Building through Mutual-aid Funding in Accordance with § 20 h SGB V and § 45 d SGB XI, Using the Example of the “Social Network Lausitz”

The socio-structural development towards an ever-increasing lifespan (in Germany), predicted by social scientists, implies a growing need of services of general public interest for those in need, especially in the areas of health and care provision. Considering the continuous skills shortage in these areas one can assume that social insurances and the welfare state might become partially incapable to fulfil their obligation to guarantee social security. Innovative alternative approaches of local provision of services of general public interest, especially in rural areas, make use of effective resources of mutual-aid organisation which is efficiently networking with other social institutions, NGOs, local businesses and the citizens. Professional and financial support is ideally given by the local administration/ the municipalities as well as the social insurers according to § 20 h SGB V and § 45 d SGB XI. This article presents and analyses a successful coordination of services of general public interest through a contact office for mutual-aid groups in the Oberlausitz/Saxony, Germany which is mainly operating in the realms of the Third Sector.

RUMOBIL – Feasibility of New Public Transport Services in European Rural Areas

Rural areas occupy substantial part of the entire EU’s surface area and rural development is an important policy area, covering among others also economic diversification in rural communities. Rural areas are important to the European economy as they provide foodstuffs, raw materials, or places for a wide range of recreational activities. However, some parts of these regions suffer from an ongoing population decline and dynamic aging as well as services of public interest retreat from these areas. This, however, cause enormous challenges for the provision of public services, such as public transport. The high costs of a traditional transport network and low level of demand make investments more difficult and ineffective for stakeholders in the mobility sector. The paper brings information on RUMOBIL project outputs from pilots testing new public transport services in sparsely populated peripheral areas. Results of these pilots were used to prepare recommendations presented in the form of the RUMOBIL Strategy, which provides an insight into already proven good practices and novel solutions.

Competitiveness and sustainable development in public services

Abstract The last years were of profound transformation in public services that knows more or less the challenge from the private sector. A second dimension of competitiveness for the public services staring from 2007 was the free access of the citizens to at least education and health services in European Union. The paper aims to show the evolution of the cohabitation of the public and private sectors on the services of public interest, their development and evolution in different regions. Identifying and highlighting the key issues in competitiveness and quality of the services provided, will give us the main lines for the further development and public policies that should be considered. Considering the cohesion policy of European Union, an analysis of the public and private sectors in public services in Romanian counties could drive us to a conclusion about the affordability and the quality of the services. Using the statistics it can be show the regional distribution of the service providers especially for education, health, water supply and other services. The integrated analysis we offer a global picture of the regional potential and development. Based on the findings the public decision makers could better set up the sectorial public policies and the public spending. Never the less, the European support could be also directed to increase the quality and efficiency of the public services.

Regime diferenciado de contratações públicas e contratação por resultados no Brasil

Este trabalho objetiva, em síntese, o estudo da contratação por resultados como instrumento de ampliação da eficiência da Administração Pública. Para isto, a pesquisa é iniciada com a análise do cenário internacional e as principais espécies de contratos por resultado: Payment by Results (PbR) e Social Impact Bonds (SIBs), que têm como traço comum a transferência para o particular dos riscos financeiro e operacional na prestação de serviços de interesse público e a remuneração proporcional aos resultados. Estudar-se-á, ainda, o Regime Diferenciado de Contratações Públicas, inaugurado no Brasil para atender aos grandes eventos esportivos e posteriormente perenizado. Será demonstrado que o RDC inovou a contratação pública no Brasil com algumas características, como possibilidade de contratação integrada, sigilo do orçamento estimado, inversão de fases da licitação e previsão de um recurso único, tudo para garantir mais celeridade (na licitação e na execução do contrato) e evitar o conluio e outros ataques à concorrência pública. Por fim, serão estudados os contratos por resultados previstos no RDC – contrato de remuneração variável e contrato de eficiência – para fazer uma análise comparatista com o PbR e as SIBs e avaliar a implementação destas no Brasil sob o marco daquele regime diferenciado.

Criteria for the Quality of Services of Public Interest Organized by Train Operators

Abstract Public passenger transport, namely, a conclusion of a public service obligation contract (PSO contract) requires a unified calculation methodology. If the unified methodology would be made available to all transport undertakings and if calculations and calculation criteria would be unified, a possibility of creating a transport offer would be more available, hence unified. Thus, the primary aim would be achieved, that is, improving mobility of citizens. It is particularly necessary to classify the route and to determine optimal costs, which entail route length, transport volume, and local circumstances. Market liberalization is crucial in terms of speeding up the procedure regarding the conclusion of the public service obligation contract. Rail transport has numerous advantages in comparison with other transport modes and deserves as such a unified model with criteria, which define it. With selected data, it is possible to create a database, which will facilitate a distribution of funds within a single state. Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007 determines the main principles, allocation and contract creation rules. It, however, does not determine parameters of the contract itself. Parameters, which entail the cost of PSO service as well include employees, type of vehicle, track alignment, expenditure, vehicle depreciation, etc. Furthermore, it is necessary to define parameters of transport service itself, which apart from the European standard EN 13816, are to cover accuracy, frequency, cleanliness, proper functioning of technical facilities for vehicles, passenger information, on-board services and handling customers´ complaints. Accordingly, urban public transport service is to be defined yet. Urban public transport service primarily should be acceptable to the customer, whether affected by local government or transport operator. For that service, it is indisputably necessary to include quality criteria, which do not deviate from those laid down by the PSO contract, since this concerns the subsidization of transport from other sources other than the state as well. Along with the EU laws, directives and guidelines, it is necessary to define more efficient criteria, by means thereof it would be possible to not only measure but track the level of transport service quality as well.

Was brauchen wir in ländlichen Räumen? Erreichbarkeitsmodellierung als strategischer Ansatz der regionalen Standort- und Verkehrsplanung

Ensuring accessibility to public services and facilities is one of the biggest challenges for rural communities. Thus, planners need to locate spaces with problems in accessibility. It is necessary to estimate the impact of shifts in supply of social infrastructure or public transport. In this particular case, instruments are missing to visualize those shifts. Consequently, such an instrument was developed on behalf of the Ministry of Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection of the federal state of Baden-Württemberg (Germany) in the rural district of Calw. Along with using tools to operationalize a regional analysis of accessibility, an indexing model was developed, which combines in one indicator the accessibilities of public services and facilities providing everyday commodities. Furthermore, the instrument allows removing or adding facilities. It is thus possible to calculate operating figures, which can be used for objective decisions. Valuable for planners developing strategies for organizing services of public interest, the indexing model as part of the developed instrument describes a new method in spatial planning.

A framework for Internet of Things-enabled smart government: A case of IoT cybersecurity policies and use cases in U.S. federal government

Internet of Things (IoT) is ubiquitous in society. IoT-enabled dynamic capabilities in real-time sensing and responding can spur digital transformation in unlocking the potential of digital government into data-driven smart government capable of delivering policies and services of public interest and public value. However, the literature indicates challenges in IoT cybersecurity and systemic use across the government. There is the urgent need for IoT research on policy and use. This paper developed a framework for IoT-enabled smart government performance. We applied this framework to conduct case study analyses of digital technology policy, IoT cybersecurity policy, and IoT use in major application domains at the U.S. federal government level. The results show that some agencies were strategic and forward-thinking in funding and partnering with sub-national governments in promoting the IoT use. However, there remains a critical need for national IoT policies to promote systemic IoT use across the application domains.

Assessing the synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services provided by urban floodplains: The case of the Warta River Valley in Poznań, Poland

While ecosystem services (ES) provided by green areas receive increased recognition, there is a shortage of knowledge on the role of blue spaces to contribute to the delivery of ES. The aim of this paper is to investigate ES provided by the urban floodplain of the Warta River in Poznań, Poland. To achieve this, we used a set of methods, including a field survey, spatial analysis, and analysis of source materials. The paper documents both the services of public interest, as well as ones that can be overlooked by the public due to their “hidden nature”. The results strengthen the idea that assessment of social and ecological benefits from urban floodplains should be conducted jointly to account for the different categories of ES. A complex exploration of the ES delivery may help to better weight the synergies and trade-offs between different management options and to tie the local needs with preservation the integrity and ecological stability of the whole river corridor.

The American Psychological Association Task Force assessment of violent video games: Science in the service of public interest.

A task force of experts was convened by the American Psychological Association (APA) to update the knowledge and policy about the impact of violent video game use on potential adverse outcomes. This APA Task Force on Media Violence examined the existing literature, including the meta-analyses in the field, since the last APA report on media violence in 2005. Because the most recent meta-analyses were published in 2010 and reflected work through 2009, the task force conducted a search of the published studies from 2009-2013. These recently published articles were scored and assessed by a systematic evidentiary review, followed by a meta-analysis of the high utility studies, as documented in the evidentiary review. Consistent with the literature that we reviewed, we found that violent video game exposure was associated with: an increased composite aggression score; increased aggressive behavior; increased aggressive cognitions; increased aggressive affect, increased desensitization, and decreased empathy; and increased physiological arousal. The size of the effects was similar to that in prior meta-analyses, suggesting a stable result. Our task force concluded that violent video game use is a risk factor for adverse outcomes, but found insufficient studies to examine any potential link between violent video game use and delinquency or criminal behavior. Our technical report is the basis of this article. (PsycINFO Database Record

Lean services: a systematic review

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of Lean methodology through an exhaustive literature review, and its implications and application in the service industry right from its initiation in 1990s till date.Design/methodology/approachThe paper summarises the evolution of Lean in services and has systematically classified the reviewed literature in four dimensions, namely time, publisher, region and content. Further under “time” dimension, the literature is classified into Pre-Lean era, Lean awareness era, Lean Exploration era and Lean implementation era. Under the “content” dimension, the categories include theoretical foundation, frameworks/models and application/case studies.FindingsThe analysis inferred; Lean is gaining roads in services, though the research is still at nascent stage. Lean is applicable in services though transfer of Lean manufacturing principles to services has certain limitations because of the characteristics of services. The need is to focus on process difference between services and manufacturing. Respect for people and employment engagement is critical to Lean in service. The authors identified the necessity to standardise the Lean service definition, principles, and tools and to develop guidelines for structured implementation in service industry.Research limitations/implicationsThough multiple databases have been taken-up but that does not assume that the literature presented in this paper is by any means comprehensive. Development of a standard model/framework for Lean services is critical for future research. Rigorous industry-specific studies, specifically in developing nations are another area for future research. Future studies could analyse the impact of join applications and possible links between Lean service and other approaches like TQM, Six Sigma, etc., with an aim of process improvement.Practical implicationsThis paper would serve as a resource for Lean practitioners as well as researchers as a fundamental platform, contributing to Lean body of knowledge.Social implicationsService industry has special significance to the society in large. Many services including governments, public interest services, non-profit organisations, healthcare, banking, consulting, etc., has a significant share across markets. Lean being a proven methodology for successful process improvements has to be looked at from a services perspective. This paper helps in such interest.Originality/valuePublications reviewing the adoption of Lean in services is scarce in literature. This paper serves as an excellent resource for research on the subject and will facilitate academicians and practitioners to objectively understand Lean in service sector.

Wasser in der Stadt der Zukunft – planerische Herausforderungen und politische Aufgaben

Water management in a country like Germany is an essential service of public interest. The quality of this service is very high and there is more or less complete consumer satisfaction. Citizens benefit from a continuous, low-priced and politically controlled service. Currently, urban water infrastructures are facing considerable challenges, not least as a result of the effects of climate change, demographic change and ever scarcer resources. The adaptability of often obsolete systems must be improved. Against this backdrop, water infrastructures are becoming a strategic point of urban development and spatial planning. Results from the funding measure “Smart and Multifunctional Infrastructural Systems for Sustainable Water Supply, Sanitation and Stormwater Management”, financed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), show that it is necessary to find general orientations for integrated urban and infrastructure planning.

SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪRA PAGAL EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS VIDAUS RINKOS TEISĘ

In the context of ongoing and future discussions regarding possible reorganization of the Lithuanian healthcare system in accordance with the constitutional requirements, this article strives to contribute to the discussions by showing the potential of the application of the freedoms of the internal market to healthcare. In particular, it examines the extent to which the freedom of services and the freedom of establishment are applicable to healthcare, and analyses the basis for the Union competence in the healthcare area and its limits. It also aims to establish, where the current European Union (EU) law strikes a balance between the internal market and the power of the Member States to organise their social security (healthcare) systems.The principles of free movement within internal market were designed, in essence, with economical considerations in mind, whereas healthcare is often perceived from the national point of view as a service of public interest exclusively falling under the national competence. However, through the broad interpretation by the Court of Justice of the EU of the notions of the internal market, such as “services”, “companies or firms” and „restrictions“, the principles of free movement were brought to apply to full extent to healthcare. Almost any activity within the healthcare sector is therefore an economical activity from the point of view of the internal market freedoms and falls under the scope and scrutiny of EU law.Nevertheless, the article shows that the development of EU law in the area is not monolitic. The practical consequences in the field of the application to healthcare of the freedom of services are far more reaching than in the field of the freedom of establishment, where a certain reservation on the part of the Court of Justice of the EU might be currently observed.