Public Housing Program Research Articles

Exploring the association between household compositional change and mobility of subsidized householders in the United States: A life course perspective

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between household compositional change and residential mobility of subsidized householders. Data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Annual Longitudinal Files 2005–2018 is used to measure household compositional change and mobility for subsidized householders in the Public Housing and Housing Choice Voucher programs. Householders are 67% more likely to move when a change in household composition occurs. Members entering the household induce larger estimated mobility effects than members exiting the household. Although the odds that a householder move are associated with a household compositional change is greatest in the Housing Choice Voucher program for tenant-based vouchers, there is still a strong association with household compositional changes and mobility in Public Housing and for project-based voucher units where options for mobility are limited. The results have implications for future research on program design factors such as occupancy standards in subsidized housing in the United States.

Can Property Taxation Fix China’s Housing Market?: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis

How does the housing market respond to a newly imposed value-based property tax? Based on individual property transaction data spanning seven years, we investigate the repercussions of a new property tax on the local housing market in Chongqing, China. In particular, we adopt a fuzzy regression discontinuity approach to examine the impact of the tax policy on house prices, transaction volumes, and the broader social welfare. We find that the property tax in Chongqing has not caused a reduction in house prices, but it has made a non-trivial contribution to local public finance for public housing programs. Our findings suggest that the property-tax-capitalization hypothesis is not supported in Chongqing’s context, although the tax improves wealth redistribution.

Decoding the puzzle: exploring the factors influencing homeownership in Togo

Purpose This study aims to analyze the factors influencing households housing tenure choices in Togo. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied a rigorous econometric approach, using Harmonized Household Living Conditions Survey (EHCVM) data from 2018 and 2021 to construct a longitudinal panel, and Unified Basic Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (QUIBB) data from 2006, 2011 and 2015 to construct a pseudo-panel. Findings The study reveals that a household’s life-cycle variables like age of the household head, marital status, household size and place of residence, have a significant influence on homeownership. In addition, households in the highest wealth quartiles and used heads of household are more likely to own their home. Research limitations/implications Housing policies focused on improving the financial sustainability of low-income households and reducing the transaction costs associated with property acquisition are essential to promoting homeownership. Practical implications As part of the implementation of the Government Roadmap 2020–2025, the government has committed to providing 20,000 affordable social housing units, aiming to significantly boost the supply of decent housing. However, the findings of this study highlight the need for targeted subsidy programs for low-income households, particularly for female-headed households and those living in urban areas. These subsidies could cover part of the cost of purchasing homes. For middle-income households, it is crucial to develop suitable financing mechanisms, such as low-interest mortgages and loan guarantees. Given demographic pressures and the high cost of public housing programs, promoting self-build remains essential. This support should be accompanied by the provision of low-cost building materials and technical training in innovative, sustainable construction methods. Additionally, improved access to employment and land regularization are essential prerequisites for the success of these initiatives. Originality/value Research on the determinants of tenure choice is relatively limited in sub-Saharan Africa due to the unavailability of housing survey data. This paper proposes a case study of Togo, whose housing market characteristics correspond to most sub-Saharan African countries. Furthermore, this study applied two methodological approaches commonly used in dynamic analyses, thereby enhancing the robustness of the findings.

Can Fair Share Policies Expand Neighborhood Choice? Evidence From Bypassing Exclusionary Zoning Under Massachusetts Chapter 40B

Opening up neighborhoods that offer greater opportunities for social mobility to low- and moderate-income households remains a challenge in the United States. Exclusionary zoning practices act as a barrier to current efforts by restricting the supply of affordable housing. In this paper, we examine whether fair share policies that seek to bypass these restrictive zoning practices offer one potential solution. Focusing on Massachusetts Chapter 40B, we find clear evidence that such policies build affordable housing in neighborhoods with strikingly greater opportunities for social mobility than are otherwise available to low- and moderate-income households. Leveraging novel data on 40B development addresses linked to a wide range of public and administrative records, we find that 40B produces affordable units in neighborhoods with greater economic mobility, higher performing schools, greater social capital, less pollution, better health outcomes, and lower incarceration rates than both the typical neighborhood in Massachusetts and those available to beneficiaries of the state’s Low-Income Housing Tax Credit, Housing Choice Voucher, and public housing programs. Consistent with previous research on policies that have segregated affordable housing and opportunity, we also find that neighborhoods with affordable 40B units are whiter and more affluent than average. An examination of underlying policy mechanisms suggests that 40B’s ability to bypass exclusionary zoning plays a central role in explaining differences in neighborhood characteristics between 40B and other programs. We further find little evidence to support concerns that 40B’s zoning override leads to affordable 40B units being built in the least advantaged areas of municipalities, in polluted zones, or near highways, though a non-trivial share of units are located in industrial zones. These results suggest that policies like 40B may be valuable complements to other major housing programs in the United States.

“Broken Home”: (De)constructing the Moral Standards of Mobility for Atlanta’s Early Black Public Housing Families

The public housing program was designed as a stepping-stone into upward socioeconomic mobility when the first developments were constructed for White and Black households in the 1930s. White residents were able to save and move into private housing with greater speed than Black residents, who faced both external and internal constraints on their socioeconomic status. As a result of this decreased mobility, scholars and policymakers soon associated public housing developments with impoverished Black containment, categorizing it as the home of the underclass and those who are stuck in place. This article employs a Du Boisian approach to understand the categorical differences and political economic conditions shaping mobility rates among Atlanta’s early Black public housing families. Using historical documents and approximately 40 years of administrative data collected from the first Black public housing development in Atlanta, Georgia by housing managers, Du Bois, and a group of research assistants from Atlanta University, this article examines how internal and external constraints shaped Black tenant mobility. It demonstrates how housing administrators and their actions shaped eviction rates—and by default, public housing’s ability to advance Black tenant mobility—through elite housing managers’ moral judgments of impoverished Black families.

Housing assistance among patients with cancer: SEER-Medicare US Department of Housing and Urban Development data linkage.

Lack of stable, affordable housing is an important social determinant of health. Federal housing assistance may buffer against housing vulnerabilities among low-income households, but research examining the association of housing assistance and cancer care has been limited. We introduce a new linkage of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program-Medicare and US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative data. Individuals enrolled in HUD public and assisted housing programs between 2006 and 2021 were linked with cancer diagnoses between 2006 and 2019 identified in the SEER-Medicare data from 16 states using Match*Pro (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) probabilistic linkage software. HUD administrative data include timing and type of housing assistance as well as verified household income. Medicare administrative data are available through 2020. A total of 335 490 unique individuals who received housing assistance at any time point, including 156 794 who received housing assistance around the time of their diagnosis (at least 6 months before diagnosis until 6 months after diagnosis or death), were matched to SEER-Medicare data. A total of 63 251 individuals receiving housing assistance at the time of their diagnosis were aged 66 years and older and continuously enrolled in Medicare parts A and B fee for service; 12 035 had a diagnosis of lung cancer, 8866 of breast cancer, 7261 of colorectal cancer, and 4703 of prostate cancer. This novel data linkage will be available through the National Cancer Institute and can be used to explore the ways in which housing assistance is associated with cancer diagnosis, care, and outcomes, including the role of housing assistance status in potentially reducing or contributing to inequities across racialized and ethnic groups.

Low-income, yet Highly Literate? The Future Towards Developing a ‘Super Smart Society’

The low-income community is generally associated with a lower level of education, poor quality housing, unemployment, and financial debt. As digital technologies become increasingly integrated into society, this study aims to re-examine the understanding of advertising literacy within low-income communities by introducing digital literacy as a new dimension. The focus is on assessing their awareness of visual pollutants, specifically fly-poster, in Malaysia. The study involved 574 respondents from five Public Housing Programs (PHP) to represent the distribution of the low-income community. The study combined media literacy theory and the model of advertising literacy. Results indicated that individuals in the low-income community exhibit high advertising literacy influenced by digital technological factors, empowering them to make informed decisions amidst the deluge of advertisements. Despite this, the challenge of visual pollutants remains unresolved due to the insufficient efficacy of collective actions by the community, hindering efforts to mitigate their impact on the local environment. To embrace the future of a 'super smart society,' the low-income community must collectively adapt and adopt digital technologies. This study contributes to the discourse on the importance of digital literacy and collaborative efforts in shaping an intelligent society, often referred to as Society 5.0 or the 'super smart society.' Keywords: Advertising literacy, society 5.0, digital literacy, fly-poster, super smart society.

Analyzing the Differences of Government Intervention Policies for the Public Housing Systems of Hong Kong and Singapore

Government intervention has different effects on different economies. This paper will introduce the background and development process of government intervention in housing policies in Hong Kong and Singapore. Since the public housing policies in both places are implemented with government intervention, this study mainly analyzes the differences in the development of public housing systems and the role of government intervention in them from the perspective of social development. The conclusion of this paper makes it clear that the market intervention led by the government of Singapore makes the establishment and implementation of the public housing system in Singapore more seamless than that in Hong Kong, but this does not mean that Hong Kong should adopt the implementation strategy of Singapore, and the housing system should be viewed from the broad social development background. The Hong Kong government "positive non-intervention" created by the development of market economy. Which is unable to support the implementation of a public housing program with the same level of coverage as Singapore, resulting in different government interventions and vastly different housing policies.

Introducing the SEER-Medicare-Housing and Urban Development data linkage: A novel resource for examining the association of housing assistance and cancer care and outcomes.

200 Background: Lack of stable and affordable housing is an important social determinant of health. Federal housing assistance—through housing choice vouchers, public housing, and other programs—may buffer against housing vulnerabilities among low-income households, but research examining the association of housing assistance and cancer care has been limited. We introduce a new linkage of SEER-Medicare and Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative data that can be used to examine housing assistance and cancer care and patient outcomes to inform efforts to reduce inequities. Methods: Individuals enrolled in HUD programs 2006-2021 were linked with cancer diagnoses 2006-2019 identified in the SEER-Medicare data from 16 states using Match*Pro probabilistic linkage software. HUD administrative data include timing and type of housing assistance and verified household income. Medicare administrative data are available through 2020. We describe the cohort aged ≥66 years with continuous Medicare fee-for-service Parts A/B coverage surrounding diagnosis who had episodes of housing assistance: 1) at diagnosis or 2) starting within 3 years after diagnosis. Because supply of housing assistance is limited, eligible, low-income families are frequently wait-listed; individuals who receive housing assistance after diagnosis can serve as controls for individuals with housing assistance at diagnosis. Results: Among 42,197 individuals aged ≥66 years diagnosed with cancer and with housing assistance, the most common diagnoses were female breast (n=8,108), lung (n=5,400), colorectal (n=5,197), and prostate (4,548) cancers. Sociodemographic characteristics were similar among the 35,873 individuals with HUD assistance at diagnosis and 6,334 who received it later (Table). Both groups were majority female and non-Hispanic white and with median household income <$14,000. Private multifamily housing programs were the most common form of assistance, followed by housing choice vouchers, and public housing. Conclusions: This novel data linkage will be available through the National Cancer Institute and can be used to explore the ways in which housing assistance is associated with cancer diagnosis and outcomes, including the role of housing assistance in potentially reducing or contributing to inequities across racialized and ethnic groups.[Table: see text]

Housing Pathways of the “Missing People” of Public Housing and Resettlement Programs: Methodological Reflections

This article deals with methodological challenges and presents solutions for the study of people who depart from state-subsidized housing in Ethiopia, Morocco, and South Africa. Having sold or rented out their units, these people have left and now live at dispersed locations. Assuming that many “missing people” leave state housing because of project-related shortcomings, studying the reasons for their departure is crucial to understanding standardized housing programs. “Missing people” urge scholars to emphasize the afterlives of housing policy interventions as a necessary analytical dimension. However, such research is confronted with three major methodological challenges: How is it possible to approach and study people who have disappeared from the area of a housing intervention? How can one link exploratory, in-depth qualitative accounts, rooted in subjective perceptions of the everyday, to potential structural deficiencies of standardized housing interventions? What kind of methodologies may help take into account the temporalities of displacement and resettlement? In order to overcome these challenges, the article presents innovative forms of purposive sampling and discusses analytical strategies, which—based on Clapham’s framework of “housing pathways”—bridge relational and structural perspectives to housing programs.

From Single- to Multi-Family Public Housing: Analyzing Social Sustainability Aspects of Recent Designs in the UAE

The UAE’s federal and local governments initiated their public housing programs for Emirati citizens on low incomes to provide them with adequate basic services and to improve their living conditions. Until 2005, most of the public housing units were developed as single-family dwellings on ample plots, but, afterwards, the areas of the housing plots significantly decreased due to the growing demand for public housing associated with the increasing population and limited land availability. Recently, it has become increasingly difficult to provide single-family housing for all Emirati citizens who need public dwellings. To address this problem, the UAE has shifted towards the provision of multi-family housing. To this end, two pioneering vertical public housing projects have been developed: Diba Al Hosn in Sharjah and Al Ghurfa in Al Fujairah. While the designs of the two projects attempted to consider the requirements of the lifestyle of Emirati families, the degree of attaining the wider social sustainability considerations in the design of these projects has not been explored yet. To bridge this gap, this research first examined the essential social sustainability aspects that should be taken into consideration when designing multi-family housing in general. Then, the research compared the two multi-family local designs with some global case studies regarding the degree of achieving social sustainability aspects. The research ended with revealing the social sustainability-related shortcomings of the designs of recent multi-family public housing in the UAE and, hence, suggested an integrated set of social sustainability principles and indicators that, if appropriately applied, could help appropriately attain social sustainability aspects for Emirati’s vertical public housing.

Housing for vulnerable populations-identifying system cost implications: an analytic literature review.

We explored how investments in housing for vulnerable populations (including those experiencing homelessness) are described as leading to cost containment for the health, justice, and social service systems; the nature of any costs and benefits; and variations by housing type and over time. A structured search of peer-reviewed academic research focused on the core concepts of economic benefit, public housing programs, and vulnerable populations. Findings from 42 articles reporting on cost containment specific to health, justice, and social service systems at the municipal, regional, and/or state/provincial level were synthesized. Most of the studies focused on supportive housing interventions, targeted adults (mainly men) experiencing chronic homelessness in the USA, and reported results over 1-5 years. Approximately half of the articles reported on the costs required to house vulnerable populations. About half reported on funding sources, which is critical information for leadership decisions in cost containment for supportive housing. Most of the studies assessing program cost or cost-effectiveness reported a reduction in service costs and/or greater cost-effectiveness. Studies mostly reported impacts on health services, with hospital/inpatient care and emergency service use typically decreasing across the intervention types. All the studies that assessed cost impacts on the justice system reported a decrease in expenditures. Housing vulnerable populations was also found to decrease shelter service use and engagement with the foster care/welfare systems. Housing interventions may offer cost-savings in the short- and medium-term, with a limited evidence base also demonstrating long term benefit.

GLOBAL EXPERIENCE OF LEASING RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE AND STATE OF AFFAIRS IN UKRAINE

In 2020-2022, the Government of Ukraine and the National Bank of Ukraine did not implement the Presidential initiatives to significantly increase the volume of provision of housing for Ukrainian citizens, including the introduction of effective mortgage and leasing financial instruments.In accordance with the foundations of the long-term (2013-2032) state policy in the investment sphere in the context of the recovery of the Ukrainian economy, the successful reform of public housing programs in Ukraine at the stage of the country's reconstruction will contribute to stimulating the attraction of investments in priority sectors of the economy, creating conditions for the activation of investment activities through the concentration of resources on the priority areas of economic development with the aim of introducing the latest and energy-saving technologies, creating new jobs, and developing regions.Currently, state housing programs in Ukraine existed and exist mainly at the stage of pilot projects. Thus, according to the new state housing program eOselya in Diya, the operator of which is PJSC "Ukrainian Financial Housing Company" (PJSC "UKRFINZHYTLO"), in 2022-2023, the state issued only 929 loans to Ukrainians in the amount of 1 billion 224.9 million. UAH.Since the beginning of hostilities, the problem of providing citizens with housing has become even more urgent. Damages from the destruction of the housing stock are estimated at $53.6 billion. Over a year of war, in total, more than 150,000 residential buildings were damaged or destroyed.Thus, it is clearly premature to talk about the solution to the issue of housing for the citizens of Ukraine at the present time.In 2019, financial leasing was introduced in Ukraine for the first time. The only operator of public housing programs in Ukraine under the terms of financial leasing was the State Mortgage Institution (SMI), which in 2019-2020 purchased about 2.3 thousand apartments to provide citizens with housing under the terms of financial leasing. At present, the operation of state housing programs in Ukraine under the terms of financial leasing has been suspended.Taking into account the above, the introduction of such a financial and credit mechanism as providing housing to citizens under the terms of financial leasing will allow the state to start creating a separate direction of providing housing to citizens of Ukraine. This will make a significant contribution to the successful reform of state housing programs in Ukraine in the context of the country's reconstruction.

Do the Relocated Residents Differ from Public Residents in Rent Overdue? The Case of DKI Jakarta Public Rental Housing

Housing problems in urban areas are very critical. The increased population growth in DKI Jakarta and the high migration rate from rural to urban areas cause slums. Slums are generated because many households do not have place to live and populate in unauthorized and inappropriate regions. More than 50% of households in DKI Jakarta have yet to own any housing property. In addition, the housing backlog in DKI Jakarta reached 302.319 in 2017. Therefore, housing problems in urban areas are very critical. One way to overcome this issue is to provide a public rental housing program for relocated and general residents with low income—the relocated residents' objective of moving to public rental housing, as they are the victims. The residents lost their livelihoods, the economy was challenging, and it took time to get a job. So, relocated residents in rental public housing are known to have high overdue rent. Previous research about the effectiveness of relocating to public rental accommodations rental public lodgings is minimal. Therefore, public housings create higher rent due in Jakarta. This research's objective is to compare the relocated and general residents in terms of rent overdue in DKI Jakarta public housing. This research analyzes demographic data and public housing rent overdue in 2022. The method used in this research is quantitative with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression. The analyzed regression shows that rental public housing status influences rent overdue, and residents with the status relocated residents are more prone to pay the rent overdue, compared to the public residents.

Contributing Factors to the Housing Cost Burden of Female-Headed Households

While the United States housing cost burden has reached historically high levels for all households in recent years, female-headed households with children tend to bear a significant portion this burden. This study uses data from the 2015 and 2019 American Housing Survey to explore the disparities in housing cost burdens among female-headed households. In general, the results from the fixed effect model reveal that housing assistance significantly decreases the female-headed household's housing cost burden, while renting tends to increase the female householders’ housing burden compared to owning. The fixed effect parameters suggest that single Black mothers experienced a high housing cost burden in 2015 and 2019, more than any other category of Black female-headed households for both years. Likewise, single Hispanic mothers also face large housing cost burdens, which increased from 2015 to 2019. This finding should guide inquiries into the impact of changes in federal policies on the immigrant status on the rising housing cost burden of the Hispanic female cohort. The study's findings suggest an increase in public housing and rental assistance programs that benefit single black mothers with children and other vulnerable households.

Housing and occupational experiences of rural migrants living in public rental housing in Chongqing, China: job choice, housing location and mobility

The city of Chongqing in southwestern China has recently adopted a massive public rental housing programme, which has attracted considerable attention due to its emphasis on the dominant role played by the government and the universal coverage. Yet, no current studies have investigated the housing and occupational experiences of rural migrants living in public rental housing, focusing on the effects of state involvement. The results of the semi-structured interviews with 120 rural migrants and eighteen government officials identified that rural migrants’ housing and occupational experiences were negatively affected by the municipality’s pursuit of land-based financing approaches, the exclusion of informality and the lag in the supply of public transport and discouragement of motorcycles. The findings provide insights into state-led urban housing projects and add a new dimension of understanding rural migrants’ occupational and housing experiences in rapid urbanisation in China and the global South.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ РИНКУ ЖИТЛОВОЇ НЕРУХОМОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

The housing market occupies an important place in the structure of the national economy. In particular, it provides a connection between housing consumers and its producer - the construction industry, which is an indicator of economic development, determines the relationship between housing demand and supply, on the basis of which it establishes economically balanced housing prices, determines price guidelines for public housing programs and the most effective forms of housing use, is a tool for housing redistribution among citizens, etc. The housing market in Ukraine before Russia's military aggression belonged to the developing markets. In the article, a study of the current state of residential real estate in Ukraine is carried out, namely, the emphasis is placed on the analysis of the availability of the residential real estate market for the population of Ukraine. It is noted that the main subject of the housing market is the buyer, and if for some reason residential real estate objects become unavailable for him, then the existence of the housing market is under great threat. Quantitative indicators of the housing stock of Ukraine, housing price indices on the primary and secondary market, the dynamics of capital investments for the purchase of housing and the number of sales contracts, as well as the ability of the population to save for the period 2017–2021, were analyzed. Housing affordability is analyzed using the housing price index (HPI). The activation of mortgage lending in the country during the period covered by the analysis was restrained by the existence of problems that prevented the full use of mortgages and, accordingly, did not contribute to the development of mortgage lending. Yes, it is indisputable that the "inhibition" of the development of mortgage lending is influenced by the limited ability of the population to pay. As for the spending and savings of Ukrainian citizens, they are extremely low. At the same time, savings of Ukrainians are a powerful potential source of investments. Information on the price dynamics of residential real estate indicates a significant difference between regions within the same country. The dynamics of the primary and secondary housing market in 2022 in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation are considered.

City Bias: Affordable Housing Accessibility Assessment—Evidence From 153 Prefectural Cities in China

This study explores the invisible bias quantification of urban governments in their affordable housing service delivery, which can accurately identify the deficiencies of affordable housing policy and alleviate homelessness, poverty, and inequality. We identified complicated eligibility criteria for public rental housing programs in 153 prefectural cities and constructed a public rental housing accessibility index for urban residents and migrants. We used the principal component analysis method; this study offers a new perspective to explore these disparities. We found distinct regional differences in local governments’ behaviors and preferences regarding affordable housing. Cities’ affordable housing provision for migrants is selective and mainly targets young and highly educated migrants. We suggest that local governments pay more attention to elderly migrant workers in affordable housing provision and build a comprehensive evaluation system to set reasonable access conditions to prioritize those with urgent housing needs.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ДОСТУПНОСТИ ИПОТЕЧНЫХ КРЕДИТОВ, ВЫДАВАЕМЫХ В РАМКАХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ ЖИЛИЩНЫХ ПРОГРАММ КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

The purpose of the article is to review the features of mortgage loans issued under public housing programs and develop proposals for revising the conditions and components of the proposed housing financial products in order to increase their affordability. The research was conducted on the history of the implementation of housing programs and the measures taken to revise conditions. It was determined that the main direction of the reforms was and remains the size of the interest rate, which has reached a historical minimum of 6% per annum, as a result of which its further reduction is difficult to achieve and therefore why there is expediency and a need to develop new ideas and ways to ensure that citizens receive preferential financing. The proposed results of the article can serve as a structural basis for the preparation of emerging reforms in the field of housing finance in the Kyrgyz Republic.

Perspective of Construction Team Towards Causes of Defects in Public Housing Projects

Referring to the needs of the community and since the government had launched a public housing program, public housing has become the focus in the housing market because home is an asset that everyone needs. There are some issues arise related to housing quality in public housing and make public housing program almost non-success. The housing defects is the biggest problem that occurs in public housing but efforts to reduce defects in public housing are still idle and not addressed due to lack of acknowledgement towards defects problem in public housing. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the causes of defects in public housing projects. The study implied a quantitative method that involves questionnaire survey. The questionnaires are distributes to contractors and developers who have an experience in public housing project in Klang Valley area. There were 136 valid responses were obtained from the questionnaire distribution to be analysed. All data are analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22 (SPSS) software. The result reveals that poor workmanship, lack of supervision by superior, poor quality of material, poor quality of contractor and limited time of construction are the causes of defects in public housing. Therefore, it is hope that this study will raise awareness among construction team and government in order to reduce housing defect problem in Malaysia.