Public Health Service Agencies Research Articles

The Influence of Procurement Literacy and Budget Supervision on Regional Public Health Service Agency Budget Absorption of Tugurejo Hospital

Financial planning, management, and control will improve with a greater understanding of procurement literacy and budget monitoring. The regulations about the procurement of government goods and services are currently governed by Presidential Regulation Number 54 of 2010, with the most recent amendment being Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2018, commonly known as the Presidential Decree on Government Procurement of Goods and Services. These regulations were formulated by the Procurement Policy Institute for Government Goods and Services, also known as LKPP. The urgent/immediate need for goods/services results in the procurement process for goods/services sometimes not complying with the provisions for procurement of goods/services. Therefore, a budget monitoring role is needed, so that budget absorption can be absorbed optimally. This research aims to determine the influence of procurement literacy and budget supervision on the absorption of the BLUD Tugurejo Hospital. This type of research uses quantitative descriptive, using regression testing via the SPSS application. The research results show that procurement literacy and budget supervision have a significant effect on the absorption of the BLUD Tugurejo Hospital. The positive impact that arises is the improvement of existing infrastructure in the village so that national development can continue to move in a better direction. In practice, the BLUD of Tugurejo Regional Hospital requires budget supervision by competent human resources so that the planned budget absorption can be realized perfectly. Competent HR means HR with a high level of financial literacy and procurement literacy

Relationship of Internal and External Characteristics of Nurses to the Performance of Nurses in RSUD Sukadana, Lampung Timur Year 2021

The hospital, as one of the public health service agencies, should be able to provide the best service for all visitors. One of the important components in a hospital is the nurse, who is the front line in providing health service facilities. Unfortunately, a few nurses have not provided the best quality performance they have, so hospital services become sluggish, ineffective, and not on time which can have fatal consequences. The performance possessed by nurses is certainly caused by several factors, such as internal and external. Therefore, the researcher wanted to find out more about the relationship between the internal and external characteristics of nurses on the performance of nurses in Sukadana Hospital, East Lampung Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not there is a relationship between internal and external characteristics with nurse performance. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, documentation, and distributing questionnaires to 138 respondents. The data obtained were then analyzed through various tests such as validity, reliability, univariate, bivariate, and regression. The results showed that the characteristics of age, gender, length of work, and education did not affect the performance of nurses because the value of Sig> 0.05, while the characteristics of motivation, self-development, and work discipline had a positive and significant influence with a value of 69.2% on performance of nurses at Sukadana Hospital, East Lampung in 2021.

Recovery 101: A Community Psychoeducation Program on Mental Health Recovery and Peer Support Services Created by an Academic Psychiatrist and Delivered by Peers.

Despite the ongoing growing interest and established benefits of mental health recovery and peer support services, little is known about the effects of mental health recovery and peer support services specifically in community education programs. Seeking to further expand this scope, this article details the development, implementation, and evaluation of a recovery and peer services community psychoeducation program created by an academic psychiatrist and delivered by trained mental health peers. A community psychoeducation intervention on recovery and peer services was provided in 2 different series: 5-session and 1-session series. Participants in the intervention were recruited from 2 local nonprofit recovery-oriented organizations and a public mental health service agency. Surveys were administered before and after each presentation session and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative survey items covering knowledge, awareness, interest, and likelihood of involvement in peer services for recovery all showed statistically significant gains from before to after the sessions. The qualitative data provided information about the participants' interests in the program in terms of knowledge of recovery, self-improvement, advocacy, resources, support, and nonspecific positive comments. An essential contribution of the program was to introduce participants to recovery and peer services. It also provided them with foundational knowledge that placed participants in a position to begin to practice the concepts of recovery. According to the participants' comments in the surveys, the program imbued a sense of hope and motivation; support and fellowship; and, importantly, role modeling and wisdom from the presenters.

Determinan Kinerja Sektor Publik: Dimoderasi Sistem Pengendalian Interen pada Puskesmas BLUD di Kota Pekanbaru

This research is the result of an empirical study that shows facts in explaining the properties that occur in the object under study through statistical principles. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the factors that influence the performance of regional public health service agencies in the city of Pekanbaru such as financial management of regional public service agencies, quality of human resources and utilization of information systems with internal control as moderating variables. The object of this research is all public health centers of regional public service agencies which is in the city of Pekanbaru. The results showed that the financial management of regional public service agencies, the quality of human resources , and the use of information systems had a positive effect on the performance of public health centers and was strengthened by the presence of internal controls. This research has implications for public sector organizations that implement financial management of regional public service agencies such as community health centers as motivation and evaluation materials related to performance achievement through the process of improving the financial management of regional public service agencies, the quality of human resources , utilization of information systems and internal control. Keywords: Financial Management of regional public service agencies, quality of human resources, utilization of information systems, organizational performance of local public service agencies

Population health partnerships and social capital: Facilitating hospital-community partnerships.

Social capital refers to the social norms and networks that build trust and enable individuals to pursue shared objectives; it can vary considerably between communities and across time. Considerable evidence suggests that the presence of social capital at the local or state level is associated with improved individual health and lower community-level mortality, chronic illness, and diseases of despair such as substance abuse. Social capital may influence health outcomes because community-engaged institutions are more common in communities with strong social bonds and cross-sector partnerships are more easily leveraged. This study examines the impact of social capital on the effectiveness of health care organizations, specifically hospitals, in establishing population health partnerships which are critical for addressing health disparities and reducing preventable deaths. In a national sample of hospitals, we find that in communities with high social capital, hospitals are more likely to hold partnerships with public health and social service agencies. Social capital within communities may create the conditions in which hospitals are able to easily identify possible partnerships and engage in collaborative efforts to improve population health.

Korelasi asupan makronutrien dengan indeks massa tubuh, kadar gula darah, dan protein total darah pada pengguna narkoba

Correlation of macronutrient intake with body mass index, blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug usersBackground: Random blood sugar level and total blood protein need to be measured among drug users because their macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates, fat, protein, and energy) are not appropriate to the pattern of daily habits before uses drugs. Drug users had decreased appetite during the influence and withdrawal symptoms of drugs with the impacts on their body mass index (BMI). Objective: To analyze the correlation of macronutrient intakes between the random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI drug users.Methods: This research was conducted with a cross-sectional design and observational study. 73 drug users were included in the study with the screening by inclusion criteria. 24-hour food recall was used to collect the macronutrient intakes, random blood sugar levels and total blood protein were monitored by the GOD-PAP method, and BMI was measured by weight and height. Data analysis used Pearson’s correlation test in bivariate and multivariate was carried out by multiple linear regressions. Results: Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between macronutrient intakes (energy, carbohydrate, fat) with random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI. BMI was the most affected by energy (β=0.531), random blood sugar level was the most affected by carbohydrates (β=0.073), and total blood protein was the most affected by protein (β=0.837).Conclusions: Macronutrient intake is significantly related to BMI, random blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug users. Community collaboration with related parties such as the public health service and National Narcotics Agency will very quickly detect drug side effects early on eating disorders that will affect the nutritional status of its users.

Autism prevalence and outcomes in older adults.

Recent studies of mortality, illness, and suicide among autistic adults paint an alarming picture. Autistic people appear to die much earlier than the general population, and they seem to be far more vulnerable to a surprising range of medical problems. Suicide and depression seem far more common than in the general population. If correct, that suggests an older autistic population in silent crisis, with few if any supports. If so, older autistic people should be a focus for public health and human service agencies. But is the picture complete? Autism researchers ask for answers, identifying problems and their scope. This article discusses the limitations of our adult autism knowledge, and the challenges we will face studying adults. Researching and ultimately serving older autistic adults presents a unique set of problems that have not yet been addressed by scientists or clinicians. Autism Res 2019, 12: 370-374 © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Public policy toward autistic people is driven by data. Most autism data to date have been derived from and about children, because autism tends to be identified and supported in the public school system. This has created a public perception of autism as a childhood problem. In fact, autism is a lifelong difference or disability, and recent studies suggest serious overlooked concerns for autistic adults. This commentary discusses how we have evaluated adult autism so far, limitations of our knowledge, and how we might evaluate adult needs going forward. The commentary makes a case for specific new adult prevalence and outcome studies to inform public policy.

Engaging multi-sectoral collaboration to combat schistosomiasis in Napu highlands, Poso District, Central Sulawesi

Background. In Indonesia, schistosomiasis is endemic in Napu and Bada Highlands in Poso District and Lindu Highland in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi. Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is caused by blood fluke (trematode worm) Schistosoma japonicum with Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis snail as an intermediate host. The presence of Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis is an indicator of an area to be called a focus area for Schistosoma japonicum. Integrated control of schistosomiasis is vital in schistosomiasis control. However, lack of coordination and collaboration between multiple sectors has occurred many times. The objective of this study was to identify the role of multi-sectoral in schistosomiasis control. The identification process was needed to engage multisectoral in schistosomiasis control program. Methods. A comprehensive snail survey was conducted in Napu, Lindu and Bada Highland in 2017 which found 242 O.h. lindoensis foci area in 21 villages where 208 snail foci located in 14 villages in Napu highland. This research was part of 2017 study of ‘Mapping of Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis snail’, the intermediate host of schistosomiasis in the endemic area in Indonesia. After the mapping was carried out, an action plan to control schistosomiasis was designed by invited related sectors from the province and Poso district to develop the action plan together. Results. In order to eliminate schistosomiasis, several sectors both from province and Poso district were committed to engaging in schistosomiasis control. Those sectors were Agency for Regional Development, Agriculture Office, Maritime and Fisheries Office, Plantation and Livestock Office, Public Works Office, Environmental Office, Health Service and Lore Lindu National Park Agency. To eliminate schistosomiasis, integrated control of schistosomiasis has played a significant role. The responsibility and task of each sector involved were made clear according to each sector duty and function with the goal of the elimination of schistosomiasis by 2020.

Leveraging The Affordable Care Act To Enroll Justice-Involved Populations In Medicaid: State And Local Efforts.

The Affordable Care Act provides an unprecedented opportunity to enroll criminal justice-involved populations in health insurance, particularly Medicaid. As a result, many state and county corrections departments have launched programs that incorporate Medicaid enrollment in discharge planning. Our study characterizes the national landscape of programs enrolling criminal justice-involved populations in Medicaid as of January 2015. We provide an overview of sixty-four programs operating in jails, prisons, or community probation and parole systems that enroll individuals during detention, incarceration, and the release process. We describe the variation among the programs in terms of settings, personnel, timing of eligibility screening, and target populations. Seventy-seven percent of the programs are located in jails, and 56 percent use personnel from public health or social service agencies. We describe four practices that have facilitated the Medicaid enrollment process: suspending instead of terminating Medicaid benefits upon incarceration, presuming that an individual is eligible for Medicaid before the process is completed, allowing enrollment during incarceration, and accepting alternative forms of identification for enrollment. The criminal justice system is a complex one that requires a variety of approaches to enroll individuals in Medicaid. Future research should examine how these approaches influence health and criminal justice outcomes.

Preparing the Workforce for Healthy Aging Programs

Current public health and aging service agency personnel have little training in gerontology, and virtually no training in evidence-based health promotion and disease management programs for older adults. These programs are rapidly becoming the future of our community-based long-term care support system. The purpose of this project was to develop and test a model community college career technical education program, Skills for Healthy Aging Resources and Programs (SHARP), for undergraduate college students, current personnel in aging service and community organizations, and others interested in retraining. A multidisciplinary cross-sector team from disciplines of public health, sociology, gerontology and nursing developed four competency-based courses that focus on healthy aging, behavior change strategies, program management, an internship, and an option for leader training in the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program. To enhance implementation and fidelity, intensive faculty development training was provided to all instructors and community agency partners. Baseline and postprogram evaluation of competencies for faculty and students was conducted. Process evaluation for both groups focused on satisfaction with the curricula and suggestions for program improvement. SHARP has been piloted five times at two community colleges. Trainees (n = 113) were primarily community college students (n = 108) and current aging service personnel (n = 5). Statistically significant improvements in all competencies were found for both faculty and students. Process evaluation outcomes identified the needed logical and component adaptations to enhance the feasibility of program implementation, dissemination, and student satisfaction. The SHARP program provides a well-tested, evidence-based effective model for addressing workforce preparation in support of healthy aging service program expansion and delivery.

Evaluation of thimerosal removal on immunogenicity of aluminum salts adjuvanted recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.

Thimerosal, which is approximately 50% mercury by weight is a preservative widely used in vaccines since the 1930's. It meets the requirements for a preservative as set forth by Pharmacopeia challenge test and has been shown to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In July 1999, the Public Health Service agencies and vaccine manufacturers agreed that thimerosal should be reduced or eliminated in vaccines as a precautionary measure but, due to the lack of appropriate alternative, it is still extensively used in multiple dose formulations of vaccines such as hepatitis-B in developing countries. In this study the effect of the removal of thimerosal in two formulations of hepatitis B vaccines containing either aluminum hydroxide or aluminum phosphate were evaluated in Balb/c mice. These formulations were administered interperitoneally and the titer of antibody was determined by ELISA technique after 28 days. The geometric mean of antibody titer (GMT), seroconversion and seroprotection rates, ED50 and relative potency of different formulations were determined. The ED50 of thimerosal-free formulations were reduced by more than 35% in both preparations. In addition, GMT of antibody titer, seroconversion and seroprotection indicated significantly higher immunogenicity for thimerosal free formulations for both aluminum phosphate and hydroxide adjuvants.

A Public Health Framework for Rare Blood Disorders

f S The public health system encompasses governments, healthcare providers, and others working to improve population health. The IOM in 1988 dentified three core functions of public health: assessent, policy development, and assurance. In 1994, the Core Public Health Functions Steering Committee, which included representatives from U.S. Public Health Service agencies and other major public health organizations, developed the framework for the ten essential services for public health. This framework of generic goals nd strategies is used by public health programs and ystems to address health challenges facing the populaion or community as a whole, notably environmental azards, injuries, infections, and common chronic disases, but has also been applied to blood disorders. The papers in this supplement to theAmerican Journal of PreventiveMedicine address various facets of blood isorders and public health. Specifically, the majority of he papers focus on blood disorders that are considered are in North America or Western Europe. Because of heir rarity, rare disorders often are not considered to fall nder the purview of the public health system even hough, collectively, rare disorders do affect large numers of people. However, a public health framework is eeded to address public health services and functions for ll rare disorders, including blood disorders, regardless of he incidence or prevalence of a given disorder. The lack of a public health framework for many blood isorders, both rare and common, is a particular concern. or example, even a relatively common blood disorder uch as venous thromboembolism (VTE), with a U.S. revalence of at least 1 million people, lacks an established mechanism for surveillance. Little is definitively known about the magnitude of the public health burden of VTE. AlthoughVTE is an important cause ofmortality

Interview with a Quality Leader—Karen Davis, Executive Director of The Commonwealth Fund

Karen Davis is president of The Commonwealth Fund, a national philanthropy engaged in independent research on health and social policy issues. Dr. Davis is a nationally recognized economist, with a distinguished career in public policy and research. Before joining the Fund, she served as chairman of the Department of Health Policy and Management at The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, where she also held an appointment as professor of economics. She served as deputy assistant secretary for health policy in the Department of Health and Human Services from 1977 to 1980, and was the first woman to head a U.S. Public Health Service agency. Before her government career, Ms. Davis was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, DC; a visiting lecturer at Harvard University; and an assistant professor of economics at Rice University. A native of Oklahoma, she received her PhD in economics from Rice University, which recognized her achievements with a Distinguished Alumna Award in 1991. Ms. Davis is the recipient of the 2000 Baxter-Allegiance Foundation Prize for Health Services Research. In the spring of 2001, Ms. Davis received an honorary doctorate in human letters from John Hopkins University. In 2006, she was selected for the Academy Health Distinguished Investigator Award for significant and lasting contributions to the field of health services research in addition to the Picker Award for Excellence in the Advancement of Patient Centered Care. Ms. Davis has published a number of significant books, monographs, and articles on health and social policy issues, including the landmark books HealthCare Cost Containment, Medicare Policy, National Health Insurance: Benefits, Costs, and Consequences, and Health and the War on Poverty. She serves on the Board of Visitors of Columbia University, School of Nursing, and is on the Board of Directors of the Geisinger Health System. She was elected to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1975; has served two terms on the IOM governing Council (1986-90 and 1997-2000); was a member of the IOM Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance Benefits, Payment and Performance Improvement Programs; and was awarded the Adam Yarmolinsky medal in 2007 for her contributions to the mission of the Institute of Medicine. She is a past president of the Academy Health (formerly AHSRHP) and an Academy Health distinguished fellow, a member of the Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, and a former member of the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research National Advisory Committee. She also serves on the Panel of Health Advisors for the Congressional Budget Office.

Project ADAPT: A Program to Assess Depression and Provide Proactive Treatment in Rural Areas

We describe and evaluate a project designed to pilot test an evidence-based clinical intervention for assessing and treating depression in older adults in rural primary care clinics. Project ADAPT-Assuring Depression Assessment and Proactive Treatment-utilized existing primary care resources to overcome barriers to sustainability experienced by similar projects. This multifaceted intervention, which was structured after the successful IMPACT (Improving Mood/Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment) research intervention, used on-site geriatric depression specialists, clinic staff training, team collaboration, and depression practice guidelines to improve depression care for rural elders. IMPACT screening and assessment instruments and treatment protocols were modified for use by less highly trained staff already employed by the rural primary care clinics. Patient and provider depression educational materials and depression screening and monitoring protocols were provided by means of regional training sessions and phone contact. Evaluation data were collected by mail and phone surveys. Although Project ADAPT materials and training were initially developed for providers in rural primary care clinics, most participants came from long-term-care facilities, hospitals, home care, and public health and social service agencies. Forty-four sites sent 56 staff to Project ADAPT regional trainings, but many did not participate after the initial training. Participants who did continue reported that training improved geriatric depression screening and communication with the primary provider. Outcomes suggest that provider, patient, and system issues have to be addressed differently in rural areas to improve geriatric depression treatment in primary care settings.

A Brief History of National Surveillance Efforts for Periodontal Disease in the United States.

National efforts directed toward improving our understanding of the epidemiology of periodontal disease began nearly a half century ago following the development of Russell's periodontal index (PI). United States Public Health Service agencies began national surveillance activities for periodontal disease with the first National Health Examination Survey in 1960 to 1962, and this continued periodically through 2004 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Periodontal disease status was assessed by using the PI in the earlier national health surveys, but beginning in the 1980s, direct measures for clinical attachment loss were made in national health surveys and continued through 2004 in NHANES. This article provides a general history of the development and implementation of national surveillance efforts for periodontal disease from the mid-1950s to 2005. It also provides brief background information on the factors that have influenced these national surveillance efforts.

Operation Unified Assistance Population-Based Programs of the U.S. Public Health Service and International Team

The United States Public Health Service and several international relief agencies collaborated to create a series of programs for educational, governmental, and other behavioral health personnel in Aceh Province, Indonesia, following the tsunami of December 2004. This article provides a detailed account of the methodologies and approaches used to create the collaborations, as well as how they continue to be used by the people of Aceh through to this writing. Now known as the "Mercy Model," the approach represents a valuable set of programmatic approaches for rapidly developing and delivering large-scale behavioral health interventions in highly chaotic relief environments. It also details the potential benefits of using small teams on the ground, backed by much larger virtual teams to develop programming in real time across nations and continents, and do so in very short time frames.

The tragic history of AIDS in the hemophilia population, 1982-1984.

The tragic history of AIDS in the hemophilia population, 1982-1984.

Evaluating the Safety of New Vaccines: Summary of a Workshop

Public concerns about the safety of vaccines arise on a regular basis. In November 2000, a workshop titled "Evaluation of New Vaccines: How Much Safety Data?" was convened by US Public Health Service agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration, the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Health Resources and Services Administration, to discuss appropriate methods for evaluating the safety of new vaccines. Workshop presentations addressed the current standards and approaches for new vaccine evaluation and postlicensure surveillance, as well as public views about vaccine safety and alternative approaches that could be considered. The advantages and disadvantages of conducting large controlled trials before licensure or widespread use of a new vaccine were discussed. We summarize these presentations and discussions.

Overview of the community care network demonstration program and its evaluation.

This article provides an overview of the evaluation of the National Community Care Network Demonstration Program,which began with 25 public-private partnerships selected from a diverse range of communities across the United States to address problems of lack of insurance, limited access to health care, and the health status of their most disadvantaged residents. The 25 public-private partnerships included an array of individual organizations representing health care providers, public health and human service agencies, local governments,community-based organizations, and religious and educational institutions. The specific findings of the evaluation are the focus of the articles in this issue. This overview article supplies the underpinnings of the evaluation, including the conceptual framework, methodological challenges, and a brief discussion of each of the papers and how they are linked.

Experience with the new German hepatitis B vaccination strategy since 1995.

In Germany general hepatitis B (HB) vaccination for newborns and adolescents was introduced in all federal states following the recommendation of the STIKO (Permanent Vaccination Commission) of 1995. In 1998 serological studies of the German National Health Survey showed that at least 9.8% in the age group of 18 to 19 years had been vaccinated against HBV infection. By 1996 the vaccine doses sold for children rose dramatically and started to reach a plateau of approximately five million per year in 1997. Data from the kassenärztliche Vereinigung of the Oberpfalz region in Bavaria also indicate that the new policy started to be implemented in 1996. At school entry, however, in 1997 only 10% of the children in seven West German states showed serological evidence of HB vaccination coverage. According to observations of virologists, paediatricians and public health experts the current acceptance of the HB vaccination recommendations is 80%-90% in children below the age of six years but only 30% to 40% in adolescents. To achieve high HB vaccination coverage rates in Germany more rapidly a modern surveillance system providing detailed data about vaccination coverage in the different age and population groups is needed. Based on those data additional targeted vaccination strategies for those that can only be contacted by the traditional health care system, such as teenagers and vulnerable groups, should be developed, involving the public health service, local communities and other agencies.