ObjectivesThis study aimed to discuss the health status and treatment requirements of children visiting the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry. Materials and MethodsA retrospective study included the records of patients attending the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, from November 29, 2021, to December 14, 2023. ResultsThe study reviewed 2417 patient records, excluding 312. The majority of patients were primary school children aged 6 − <12, primarily from Rif-Dimashq governorate. About 18 % displayed negative behavior during examinations, and 8 % had special health care needs. The most frequent type of disability was medical disabilities, followed by neurological disorders, with percentages of 40.2 % and 28.9 %, respectively. Dental caries were the primary reason for visits, with a mean of 3.94 ± 3.13. A negative association was found between the number of decayed teeth and the following: age classification, visit year, and Salviov-Tinawi scale. The percentage of males who came for cosmetic problems was higher than females at 57.2 % and 42.8 %, respectively. ConclusionsThe Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, is a public dental clinic that is visited by patients from all governorates, providing free specialized treatments. Clinical relevanceUnmet dental needs are a significant issue for both healthy children and those with special health care needs. The Department of Pediatric Dentistry serves as a research and educational center, offering comprehensive dental treatments to children from all socioeconomic backgrounds. Therefore, understanding the dental needs of children is crucial for providing effective support.