Demand For Public Safety Research Articles

Quantitative Study of Traffic Accident Prediction Models: A Case Study of Virginia Accidents

Traffic accidents are a serious problem that threatens people's lives, health, and properties. Thus, decreasing traffic accidents is a crucial demand for public safety. This paper proposes two data mining models to predict accident risks based on the decision tree and the naive Bayes algorithms. The purpose of the classifiers is to predict the potential severity of a traffic accident based on a set of data attributes related to the weather factors, accident timing, and properties of the road. The models are developed using data on accidents in Virginia between 2016 and 2021. Several metrics are considered to measure the performance of each model such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Furthermore, to statistically compare the performance of the prediction models, the study employs three quantitative analysis tools, approximate visual test, paired observations, and ANOVA. The experimental results revealed that the decision tree outperforms naive Bayes in terms of prediction accuracy.

A Survey on Generative Adversarial Network Based Person Re-Identification Method

In recent years, with the growing demand for public safety and the rapid development of intelligent surveillance networks, person re-identification (Re-ID) has become one of the hottest research topics in the field of computer vision, which aims at retrieving a person of interest through multiple cameras with non-overlapping views. First, the current classical person Re-ID datasets are introduced. Second, the latest GAN-based person Re-ID methods are focused on sorting out. These methods are classified into three categories: image-image style transfer, data enhancement and invariant feature learning according to the characteristics and application scenarios of GAN. And basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages are summarized for each category. Then, the states of the art of the classic algorithms mentioned are compared on the mainstream datasets. Finally, the present challenging problems of person Re-ID and directions for future research are discussed.

Deep learning-based person re-identification methods: A survey and outlook of recent works

In recent years, with the increasing demand for public safety and the rapid development of intelligent surveillance networks, person re-identification (Re-ID) has become one of the hot research topics in the computer vision field. The main research goal of person Re-ID is to retrieve persons with the same identity from different cameras. However, traditional person Re-ID methods require manual marking of person targets, which consumes a lot of labor cost. With the widespread application of deep neural networks, many deep learning-based person Re-ID methods have emerged. Therefore, this paper is to facilitate researchers to understand the latest research results and the future trends in the field. Firstly, we summarize the studies of several recently published person Re-ID surveys and complement the latest research methods to systematically classify deep learning-based person Re-ID methods. Secondly, we propose a multi-dimensional taxonomy that classifies current deep learning-based person Re-ID methods into four categories according to metric and representation learning, including methods for deep metric learning, local feature learning, generative adversarial learning and sequence feature learning. Furthermore, we subdivide the above four categories according to their methodologies and motivations, discussing the advantages and limitations of part subcategories. Finally, we discuss some challenges and possible research directions for person Re-ID.

Acompanhamento psicológico preventivo para agentes de segurança pública

A atuação na segurança pública demanda do agente grande responsabilidade e riscos cotidianos, submetendo-o a uma constante exposição a estressores, que podem causar ou potencializar condições patológicas. Assim, este estudo objetivou compreender, com base na literatura científica sobre o tema, os principais impactos decorrentes da atuação do profissional de segurança pública e a importância do acompanhamento psicológico preventivo para estes agentes. O estudo baseou-se em metodologia descritiva, consistindo em uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada a partir da análise de livros de referência sobre o assunto pesquisado, assim como periódicos científicos, com a seleção de artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2019 acerca do tema. Foram identificados no estudo os impactos da atividade profissional na área de segurança pública, principalmente a alta prevalência de estresse e sofrimento psíquico nos agentes, assim como os principais fatores relacionados a essa condição: riscos vivenciados no cotidiano de trabalho, necessidade de lidar com a morte e trabalho em turnos de revezamento. Dentre as estratégias identificadas para minimizar o problema, destacou-se o fornecimento de apoio psicológico preventivo aos agentes e também aos seus familiares, sendo importante também que este suporte seja fornecido pelas instituições onde o agente atua. Constatou-se que o acompanhamento psicológico preventivo pode ser uma ferramenta efetiva para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos profissionais de segurança pública, auxiliando-os no enfrentamento do estresse inerente ao cotidiano de trabalho e minimizando, assim, os impactos à saúde mental decorrentes do exercício profissional.
 

Implementasi Metode Prototyping pada Perancangan Aplikasi Electronic Ticket (E-Ticket) berbasis Android

Public transportation is currently starting to experience very rapid development. This development is due to the increasing public demand for safety and comfort on the journey. Presentation of bus ticket availability information at this time is still manual, so potential users must come to the agent to find out the availability of tickets and make ticket reservations so that it is not uncommon if there are users who run out of bus tickets because the user does not get information directly. To facilitate prospective users in booking tickets and searching for bus departure information, an Android-based bus ticket booking application was built. This application was designed using MySQL, Adobe Dreamweaver and Android Studio. The system development method used in this study is the prototyping method. As for the testing method using BlackBox Testing. This method is used to find out if there are performance errors on the system. The purpose of this application is to make it easy for prospective bus users to search for buses and order tickets so they can be done anywhere and anytime without being bound by time and place.

Genetic relatedness reveals total population size of white sharks in eastern Australia and New Zealand

Conservation concerns exist for many sharks but robust estimates of abundance are often lacking. Improving population status is a performance measure for species under conservation or recovery plans, yet the lack of data permitting estimation of population size means the efficacy of management actions can be difficult to assess, and achieving the goal of removing species from conservation listing challenging. For potentially dangerous species, like the white shark, balancing conservation and public safety demands is politically and socially complex, often leading to vigorous debate about their population status. This increases the need for robust information to inform policy decisions. We developed a novel method for estimating the total abundance of white sharks in eastern Australia and New Zealand using the genetic-relatedness of juveniles and applying a close-kin mark-recapture framework and demographic model. Estimated numbers of adults are small (ca. 280–650), as is total population size (ca. 2,500–6,750). However, estimates of survival probability are high for adults (over 90%), and fairly high for juveniles (around 73%). This represents the first direct estimate of total white shark abundance and survival calculated from data across both the spatial and temporal life-history of the animal and provides a pathway to estimate population trend.

Review of Regulatory Emphasis on Transportation Safety in the United States, 2002-2009: Public versus Private Modes.

The U.S. Department of Transportation is responsible for implementing new safety improvements and regulations with the goal of ensuring limited funds are distributed to where they can have the greatest impact on safety. In this work, we conduct a study of new regulations and other reactions (such as recalls) to fatal accidents in several different modes of transportation implemented from 2002 to 2009. We find that in the safest modes of commercial aviation and bus transport, the amount of spending on new regulations is high in relation to the number of fatalities compared to the regulatory attention received by less safe modes of general aviation and private automobiles. Additionally, we study two major fatal accident investigations from commercial aviation and two major automotive recalls associated with fatal accidents. We find differences in the cost per expected fatality prevented for these reactions, with the airline accident investigations being more cost effective. Overall, we observe trends in both the automotive and aviation sectors that suggest that public transportation receives more regulatory attention than private transport. We also observe that the types of safety remedies utilized, regulation versus investigation, have varying levels of effectiveness in different transport modes. We suggest that these differences are indicative of increased public demand for safety in modes where a third party may be held responsible, even for those not participating in the transportation. These findings have important implications for the transportation industry, policymakers, and for estimating the public demand for safety in new transport modes.

Transferencias federales a los estados en México. Valoración del efecto del papel matamoscas en el contexto de una demanda extraordinaria de recursos federales

El objetivo del estudio es analizar el efecto que tienen las transferencias federales sobre el gasto público de los estados evaluando el efecto del papel matamoscas, a partir del crecimiento del gasto público ante la demanda de seguridad pública y la evolución del ciclo económico. Este efecto designa una regularidad estadística que prueba que, en gobiernos subnacionales, los recursos externos tienen mayor impacto en el gasto gubernamental, comparado al de los recursos propios. Utilizando una metodología basada en datos de panel aplicada a las entidades federativas de México en el periodo 1993 – 2012, se demuestra el cumplimiento de este postulado, aun considerando la demanda extraordinaria de recursos públicos relacionados a la inseguridad y la aplicación de políticas contra cíclicas.

Smartphone-based portable biosensing system using impedance measurement with printed electrodes for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection.

Rapid, sensitive, selective and portable detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is in high demand for public safety and environmental monitoring. In this study, we reported a smartphone-based system using impedance monitoring for TNT detection. The screen-printed electrodes modified with TNT-specific peptides were used as disposable a biosensor to produce impedance responses to TNT. The responses could be monitored by a hand-held device and send out to smartphone through Bluetooth. Then, the smartphone was used to display TNT responses in real time and report concentration finally. In the measurement, the system was demonstrated to detect TNT at concentration as low as 10(-6) M and distinguish TNT versus different chemicals in high specificity. Thus, the smartphone-based biosensing platform provided a convenient and efficient approach to design portable instruments for chemical detections such as TNT recognition.

History of Simulation in Medicine

Medical and surgical graduate medical education has historically used a halstedian approach of "see one, do one, teach one." Increased public demand for safety, quality, and accountability in the setting of regulated resident work hours and limited resources is driving the development of innovative educational tools. The use of simulation in nonmedical, medical, and neurosurgical disciplines is reviewed in this article. Simulation has been validated as an educational tool in nonmedical fields such as aviation and the military. Across most medical and surgical subspecialties, simulation is recognized as a valuable tool that will shape the next era of medical education, postgraduate training, and maintenance of certification.

Multifunctional inorganic–organic hybrid nanospheres for rapid and selective luminescence detection of TNT in mixed nitroaromatics via magnetic separation

Rapid, sensitive and selective detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous solution differentiating from other nitroaromatics and independent of complicated instruments is in high demand for public safety and environmental monitoring. Despite of many methods for TNT detection, it is hard to differentiate TNT from 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) due to their highly similar structures and properties. In this work, via a simple and versatile method, LaF3ːCe3+−Tb3+and Fe3O4 nanoparticle-codoped multifunctional nanospheres were prepared through self-assembly of the building blocks. The luminescence of these nanocomposites was dramatically quenched via adding nitroaromatics into the aqueous solution. After the magnetic separation, however, the interference of other nitroaromatics including 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and nitrobenzene (NB) was effectively overcome due to the removal of these coexisting nitroaromatics from the surface of nanocomposites. Due to the formation of TNT−−RCONH3+, the TNT was attached to the surface of the nanocomposites and was quantitatively detected by the postexposure luminescence quenching. Meanwhile, the luminescence intensity is negatively proportional to the concentration of TNT in the range of 0.01–5.0μg/mL with the 3σ limit of detection (LOD) of 10.2ng/mL. Therefore, the as-developed method provides a novel strategy for rapid and selective detection of TNT in the mixture solution of nitroaromatics by postexposure luminescence quenching.

Aspects of Final Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Germany

Safe disposal of radioactive waste is required in all countries using nuclear power, radioactive materials in medicine and in industry or research. This contribution presents an overview of the strategy of final disposal of radioactive waste and summarizes the procedure and present status in Germany. It is concluded that the safe disposal of radioactive waste is feasible but that the public demand for safety has to be met by applying a stepwise, transparent, and traceable development procedure for a repository in a safety case to obtain regulatory and public approval.

HEDONIC PRICES, IDENTIFICATION, AND THE DEMAND FOR PUBLIC SAFETY*

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we use a two‐stage intercity hedonic model to estimate household demand for public safety. This approach is shown to readily address the identification problem inherent in the hedonic model. Data from the 1980 Public Use Microdata Sample are used to estimate a willingness‐to‐pay function for the public‐safety good. Income is found to be the primary determinant of willingness to pay. Indeed, the influence of income outweighs the combined impact of family life‐cycle considerations.

Management of the Asymptomatic Patient With an Abnormal Exercise Electrocardiogram-Reply

In Reply.— We appreciate the comments of Dr Lewis, but a careful reading of our article demonstrates that we did not advocate the approaches attributed to us by him. First, we do not recommend performing exercise electrocardiography on asymptomatic individuals in most circumstances. In fact, we explicitly stated that because of the inefficiencies of testing for coronary disease in people at low risk for having this disease... [they] probably should not undergo stress ECG testing unless public safety demands it. The article deals with how to manage the patient who already has undergone a stress ECG that is positive. Even here, we do not advocate, in Dr Lewis' words, an array of further testing. Rather, we discuss a reasoned approach to deciding for whom further testing is indicated; this approach, of course, includes the history taking mentioned by Dr Lewis. Additionally, we state that with a low-risk subset of asymptomatic

Electric fences - their hazards, types, regulations, and safe application

The approved electric fence is a safe, effective, and economical aid to modern farming. Homemade electric fence controllers are responsible for the continuing electrocution of both human beings and . animals. The use of such controllers should be prohibited by law. The interests of public safety demand that specific enforceable legislation covering electric fence controllers be enacted in each of the various states of this country. Need exists for uniformity in the various electric fence safety codes. With the exception of the continuous type of electric fence, it is doubtful if the differences in the present codes can be justified on the basis of safety. Although compromise in output limitations is necessary, it is essential that the maximum allowable output not be reduced materially, as any substantial reduction in effectiveness might jeopardize the value of electric fencing.