Public Advertising Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence and Linguistic Landscape research

Abstract This article explores applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in Linguistic Landscape research. Traditionally, LL research has relied on manual data collection and analysis, often involving photographs of public signage, advertisements, and other visual language displays. However, this manual approach can present challenges, including time-consuming data collection, inconsistent data quality, and potential researcher bias. Two AI technologies in particular hold promise for addressing these challenges in LL research: computer vision (CV) and large language models (LLMs). CV automates the identification and extraction of text from images, improving data accuracy and enabling large-scale image analysis. LLMs, based on natural language processing, can detect, translate, and interpret multilingual text. This article explores the affordances and challenges of using AI technologies in LL research and discusses methods to improve data collection, enhance accuracy, and support the analysis of multilingual environments. It also raises ethical issues and limitations of the technologies.

A Comparison of the impact of advertising on Customer Buying Behavior Through Different Media

Advertising is the main channel of communication between the producer and the consumer.One of the four pillars of the marketing mix, advertising is a component of the promotion mix (product,price, location, and promotion). Advertising is a marketing strategy used to pique customers' interest ina product so they can decide whether or not to purchase it. Marketers use mass marketing strategiesincluding public relations, brand promotion, and advertising. The aim of this study is to compare theimpact of advertising on customer buying action through different media.

Increasing pitch count is associated with increasing elbow flexion angle at ball release in youth baseball pitchers

Baseball is one of the most popular sports among youth athletes in the United States, and among these players, pitchers are at a particularly high risk of sustaining an injury. Overuse of the arm from repetitive pitching is a common mechanism for injury. Despite the attention that overuse injury has received, little is known regarding the mechanism that leads to elbow injury. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing pitch count on elbow flexion at ball release in a youth pitching cohort. The authors hypothesize that elbow flexion would increase as pitch count increases. Study subjects included volunteers from youth baseball players from local teams and public advertisements. Retroreflective markers attached to bony landmarks were placed on the players according to International Shoulder Group recommendations. Pitchers threw an indoor simulated game. Three-dimensional marker trajectories were collected using a 12-camera optical motion capture system, and ball velocity was captured using a radar gun. Voluntary maximal isometric strength of the internal and external rotators was evaluated before and after pitching. Paired 2-tailed t tests were performed to determine if a significant change occurred between the fresh and fatigued sets. Twelve adolescent male pitchers were recruited. Eleven of 12 pitchers completed the prescribed 6 sets of 15 pitches, culminating in a 90-pitch simulated game. The ball speed in the second set was found to be the highest in all pitchers and was considered the "peak set" (P=.021), whereas ball speed was the slowest in the sixth set of pitches and was therefore considered the "fatigue set" (P=.001). There was a moderate but statistically significant inverse correlation between elbow flexion at ball release and maximum internal rotation velocity (P=.005). Elbow flexion at ball release was also significantly positively correlated with shoulder abduction at ball release (P=.004). Elbow flexion at ball release was not significantly correlated with ball velocity (P=.108). In a simulated game laboratory setting, increasing pitch count was associated with increasing elbow flexion angle at ball release in youth baseball pitchers. These findings demonstrate that pitching with fatigue may cause biomechanical changes that have been associated with increased rates of elbow injury in the adult throwing population. Further investigation on the association between elbow flexion angle and elbow injury in the youth baseball population is needed.

Cancer misinformation on social media.

Social media is widely used globally by patients, families of patients, health professionals, scientists, and other stakeholders who seek and share information related to cancer. Despite many benefits of social media for cancer care and research, there is also a substantial risk of exposure to misinformation, or inaccurate information about cancer. Types of misinformation vary from inaccurate information about cancer risk factors or unproven treatment options to conspiracy theories and public relations articles or advertisements appearing as reliable medical content. Many characteristics of social media networks-such as their extensive use and the relative ease it allows to share information quickly-facilitate the spread of misinformation. Research shows that inaccurate and misleading health-related posts on social media often get more views and engagement (e.g., likes, shares) from users compared with accurate information. Exposure to misinformation can have downstream implications for health-related attitudes and behaviors. However, combatting misinformation is a complex process that requires engagement from media platforms, scientific and health experts, governmental organizations, and the general public. Cancer experts, for example, should actively combat misinformation in real time and should disseminate evidence-based content on social media. Health professionals should give information prescriptions to patients and families and support health literacy. Patients and families should vet the quality of cancer information before acting upon it (e.g., by using publicly available checklists) and seek recommended resources from health care providers and trusted organizations. Future multidisciplinary research is needed to identify optimal ways of building resilience and combating misinformation across social media.

ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the therapy for REfractory Septic shock with Cardiac function Under Estimated (ECMO-RESCUE): study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, non-randomised cohort study

IntroductionSevere septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is one of the main causes of refractory septic shock (RSS), with a high mortality. The application of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to support the...

Comparative Analysis of Frailty Risk and Associated Factors: Community-Based vs. Open Recruitment Groups.

Frailty leads to vulnerability to stress, impaired daily functioning, and an increased need for care. Frailty is considered reversible, and it is crucial to detect the risk of frailty early and investigate factors that may delay its progression. To identify tests that can explain frailty risk and compare the situation of local residents with and without frailty support. Participants were recruited in two ways: through public advertisements in Akita City (open recruitment group) and through invites from frailty supporters in their immediate communities (community-based group). We examined the differences in frailty risk and oral, motor, and social functions between the two groups and identified factors associated with frailty risk in both groups. The community-based group exhibited a lower risk of frailty than the open recruitment group despite having more older members on average. Additionally, the community-based group demonstrated better social functioning than the open-recruitment group. Furthermore, factors such as oral diadochokinesis (ODK), one-leg stand test (OLS), and grip strength (GS) showed significant association with frailty risk. The ODK, OLS, and GS were identified as factors explaining frailty risk, and Frailty Supporters may reduce the risk of frailty.

Developing an alternative care pathway for emergency ambulance responses for adults with epilepsy: A Discrete Choice Experiment to understand which configuration service users prefer. Part of the COLLABORATE project

IntroductionTo identify service users’ preferences for an alternative care pathway for adults with epilepsy presenting to the ambulance service. MethodsExtensive formative work (qualitative, survey and knowledge exchange) informed the design of a stated preference discrete choice experiment (DCE). This hypothetical survey was hosted online and consisted of 12 binary choices of alternative care pathways described in terms of: the paramedic's access to medical records/ ‘care plan’, what happens next (described in terms of conveyance), time, availability of epilepsy specialists today, general practitioner (GP) notification and future contact with epilepsy specialists. DCE scenarios were described as: (i) typical seizure at home. (ii) typical seizure in public, (iii) atypical seizure. Respondents were recruited by a regional English ambulance service and by national public adverts. Participants were randomised to complete 2 of the 3 DCEs. ResultsPeople with epilepsy (PWE; n = 427) and friends/family (n = 167) who completed the survey were representative of the target population. PWE preferred paramedics to have access to medical records, non-conveyance, to avoid lengthy episodes of care, availability of epilepsy specialists today, GP notification, and contact with epilepsy specialists within 2–3 weeks. Significant others (close family members or friends) preferred PWE experiencing an atypical seizure to be conveyed to an Urgent Treatment Centre and preferred shorter times. Optimal configuration of services from service users’ perspective far out ranked current practice (rank 230/288 possible configurations). DiscussionPreferences differ to current practice but have minimal variation by seizure type or stakeholder. Further work on feasibility of these pathways in England, and potentially beyond, is required.

First Nations Patients’ Experience Receiving Care for Cleft Lip and Palate in a Multidisciplinary Clinic Setting

Purpose: Our small-scale qualitative study sought to explore the experiences of Indigenous patients receiving care for cleft lip and/or palate at a multidisciplinary clinic. There currently are no published studies that demonstrate the experiences of cleft lip and/or palate patients receiving care in multidisciplinary clinics in Canada. This work is foundational to informing future care in a way that is reflective and cognizant of Indigenous ways of life and lived experiences. Method: Participants were recruited via purposive and snowball sampling through community networks and public advertising in relevant healthcare spaces. Semi-structured interviews were completed; transcribed verbatim and descriptive codes were generated using Indigenist research methodologies through the Blackfoot medicine wheel. Results: Five participants that included patients, parents of patients with cleft lip and/or palate, and Indigenous health liasions were interviewed. Participants indicated a lack of spiritual health, the physical demands of having a cleft lip and/or palate on a patient and their families, the fear and unknown associated with a new cleft lip and/or palate diagnosis, and lack of cultural support, awareness and racism may negatively impact mental health. Conclusion: Indigenous patients must receive cleft lip and/or palate care that is cognizant of both their cultural needs identified in our study but also reflective of the ways in which health may be conceptualized for Indigenous patients. The following models of care suggested in our study must also seek to address historic mandates that include UNDRIP and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action.

Pravni i praktični problemi prijema i internog premještaja radnika u javnom sektoru u Federaciji Bosne i Herecegovine / Legal and Practical Issues regarding the Recruitment and Internal Transfer of Employees in the Public Sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The aim of this paper is to present the process of hiring employees in the public sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The recruitment of employees in the public sector can be done through public advertising or under certain conditions, directly. The Regulation on the Procedure for Employment in the Public Sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation) regulates the process of hiring employees in the public sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The recruitment of employees can be done through public advertising or through direct appointment. Direct appointment of employees and the redistribution of employees, which were exceptions, have become the rule. The goal of enacting the Regulation is to ensure greater transparency in the employment process in the public sector in FBiH. Access to the labor market should be guaranteed to all individuals within the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this regard, in order to ensure access to the labor market, it was necessary to establish the obligation of public advertising. For the first time, as of 2019, the Regulation explicitly stipulates the obligation of public enterprises to hire employees through public advertising. In terms of content, the Regulation has several shortcomings, but despite these, it represents a solid but insufficient legal framework. Namely, the Regulation does not correspond to the requirements of the labor market, and public sector employers find ways to bypass its application or act in contradiction to the Regulation's objectives. The major drawbacks of the Regulation are related to the need for double advertising in the application of the internship institute and the inconsistency with the fundamental principles of labor law, which consider the subject of labor law to be the "employee," while the Regulation centralizes the subject as the "workplace." Special attention is given to the recruitment of candidates in employment without the application of public advertising procedures, as well as the internal transfer of workers in public sector enterprises, which is a significant legal tool for all public sector enterprises. The paper also presents alternative institutes that employers use for candidate recruitment.

Assessing the Impact of Marketing Communication on the Performance of the Hospitality Industry in Akure, Ondo State (A Case Study of Some Selected Hotels in Alagbaka, Akure, Ondo State)

Marketing communication is a management strategy that adopts the use of public relations, advertisement, sales promotion, personal selling, social media, web ads, direct marketing and oral communication as a tool for reaching out to her target audience thus the globally increasing competition in the hospitality operations. The study however examined the impacts of marketing communication and the impact of the social media marketing strategy on the performance of the hospitality industry in Ondo State. Some hotels were selected in respects of hotel ratings where patronage, number of rooms, services and facilities provided remained the yardstick for selection and five hotels were chosen from the State capital, Akure, Ondo State. The study adopted quantitative research. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed to respondents and 85 questionnaires were retrieved. The results obtained showed overall mean score of 3.70 indicating that marketing communication enhances the performance of hospitality industry and data further showed that the R-value is 0.376a, this indicates that there is a minimum or insignificant relationship between social media and the performance of the hospitality industry with a small amount of 46.6% while the value of R square is 0.141 suggesting that social media has little influence in the amount of 24.3% on the performance of the hospitality industry in the study area. The study concluded that marketing communication plays a major role in the performance of the hospitality industry. The Study recommends that the management of the hospitality industry should devise a policy of marketing communication.

IMPACTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY IN DAVAO CITY, PHILIPPINES

<p>The researcher aims to understand how the public perceives advertisements and the influence of social media influencers on consumer behavior in Davao City, Philippines. By using a quantitative research approach, they conducted a questionnaire survey using a snowball sampling method, involving 156 respondents, mainly cyber-consumers aged 17 and above. The study discovered that online word-of-mouth advertising significantly impacts consumers' decision-making processes, with social media influencers playing an important role in shaping consumers' views on products. This study adds to existing literature by providing notes on the impact of contemporary advertising and validating the effectiveness of social media influencer marketing in influencing consumer behavior.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0795/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Discourses of risk in public health advertising about underage alcohol consumption

Abstract Underage alcohol consumption has been linked to major risks, the practice of which has been linked to parental responsibility and management and a major topic in public health advertising campaigns. The aim of the current study is to investigate how risk discourses are constructed in public health advertisements against underage alcohol consumption. To achieve this aim, I apply the framework of social semiotics to analyse a series of public health campaigns in Australia to understand the construction of risk across multiple meaning-making resources. The analyses of the advertisements provide insights into the choices of semiotic resources to construct multiple perspectives of risk discourses to communicate alcohol-related risks and persuade parents to not supply alcohol to their children. The study opens up new agendas of research, by complementing textual analyses with audience interpretations, to provide deeper insights into how alcohol-related public health advertising is perceived, as well as improve its effectiveness and impact in the real world.

A Multi-Agent System for Fine-Grained Opinion Dynamics Analysis in Online Social Networks

The influence and dissemination of users’ opinions are the essence of the opinion dynamics in online social networks (OSNs). Understanding the process of users’ opinion formation and propagation can provide better service for public opinion monitoring and product advertising. However, most opinion dynamics research typically do not distinguish between user opinion formation and propagation, instead focusing on the process of mass opinion polarization. This article presents a multiagent system (MAS) to analyze fine-grained opinion dynamics (FOD) by agent-based modeling (ABM). At the macro level, the MAS-FOD system we designed can produce a statistical analysis of public opinion evolution based on different parameter constellations and analyze the changes in personalized agent opinions. At the micro level, the agent-based model is presented to describe the single user in OSNs as an individualized agent in MAS-FOD. Specifically, we propose two mechanisms, agent-based opinion formation (AOF) mechanism and agent-based opinion propagation (AOP) mechanism, for agents to form and disseminate opinions, respectively. Meanwhile, multidimensional social influence features mining from self, local neighbors, and global topic community are defined and used in two mechanisms to train personalized agents to self-adapt to the MAS-FOD system. We demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the MAS-FOD system from two types of experiments: empirical analysis and simulation analysis. The former is driven by empirical social network data to analyze the predictive performance of AOF; the latter simulates the public opinion propagation through the AOP mechanism in the MAS-FOD system. The results demonstrate that: 1) the AOF outperforms SOTA methods in the accuracy of agent opinion prediction; 2) the dissemination effect based on the AOP is more closer to the actual evolution trend of public opinion than the baseline; and 3) the MAS-FOD system can perform fine-grained analysis of opinion dynamics by adjusting different parameters.

Differences in student-AI interaction process on a drawing task: Focusing on students’ attitude towards AI and the level of drawing skills

Recent advances and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) have increased the opportunities for students to interact with AI in their learning tasks. Although various fields of scholarly research have investigated human-AI collaboration, the underlying processes of how students collaborate with AI in a student-AI teaming scenario have been scarcely investigated. To develop effective AI applications in education, it is necessary to understand differences in the student-AI interaction (SAI) process depending on students' characteristics. The present study attempts to fill this gap by exploring the differences in the SAI process amongst students with varying drawing proficiencies and attitudes towards AI in performing a public advertisement drawing task. Based on the empirical evidence obtained from the think-aloud protocols of 20 Korean undergraduate students, the study first conducted a lag sequential analysis to identify statistically significant linear patterns of each group and then chronologically incorporated them into the SAI duration via coded activity alignment series to distinguish the overall SAI process of each group. The study revealed the distinctive differences in SAI processes of students with different attitudes towards AI and drawing skills. To better facilitate student-AI teams for learning, a range of implications of educational AI development and instructional design is discussed. Implications for practice or policy: Educational AI should not be limited to performing a specific task and solving well-defined problems. It should be designed with a holistic view of the end-to-end student-AI process, interconnected to different learning activities in the learning process. Educational AI should be capable of increasing students’ metacognition and emotional engagement. An educational AI system architect team inclusive of diverse stakeholders should be formed to collaboratively design the AI system.

Motivational signals in public sector job advertisements and how they relate to attracting and hiring candidates

ABSTRACT This study examines how motivational signals in job advertisements relate to public employers’ recruitment success, testing hypotheses derived from signalling theory and person – environment fit theory. We combine job advertisements collected via web crawling with matched survey data on the recruitment process (1,863 recruiters), capturing Germany’s public sector job market. Using quantitative text analysis, we identify motivational signals in the job advertisements and analyse to what extent they relate to indicators of recruitment success. Results show that prosocial signals positively relate to a higher quality of applications and a more qualified selected candidate. By contrast, extrinsic and intrinsic motivational signals did not exhibit statistically significant effects.

Measuring the Impact of Public Display Advertising in Smart Cities: An Advertising Effectiveness Test

The average age of the participants in this research, which evaluated the effects of public display advertising in smart cities, was found to be 31.2 years, with a gender distribution that is balanced. When compared to a prior review, exposure and memory rates showed a 5% improvement in recall rates and a 12% increase in exposure length, suggesting increased advertising effectiveness and reach. Purchase intent increased by 11.8% and interaction levels improved by 10%, according to consumer engagement ratings. In addition, post-exposure attitudes demonstrated a 2.7% improvement in relevance and a 5.4% rise in likeability, highlighting a favorable opinion of public display advertising. These results contribute to the disciplines of urban informatics and advertising effectiveness by providing insightful information on the changing role of public display advertising in the setting of smart cities.

Enabling Metaheuristics with Deep Learning based Resource Allocation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Wireless Networks

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network offers a variety of applications in public safety, disaster management, advertising and broadcasting, overload situation, etc. Due to the dynamic characteristics of MU, it is challenging to provide robust transmission services to mobile users (MU). Resource allocation (RA), including sub-channel, serving user, and transmit power, is a crucial problem; also, it is critical to enhance the coverage and energy efficiency of UAV-enabled communication protocol. Furthermore, system resources are limited (for example, spectrum, and transmission power) and UAV transmission coverage and on-board energy are limited. In order to meet the QoE of any user with limited UAV energy and limited resource system, we jointly enhance UAV trajectory, user communication scheduling, and bandwidth allocation and transmit power to satisfy user QoE requirements and increase energy efficiency. Thus, the study proposes a new mud ring optimization with deep belief network-based resource allocation scheme (MRODBN-RAS) technique for UAV-enabled wireless networks. The proposed MRODBN-RAS approach focuses on the effectual accomplishment of the computational and energy-effective decision. Besides, the MRODBN-RAS technique assumed the UAV as a learning agent by forming RA decisions as actions. In addition, the MRODBN-RAS technique designed a reward function to reduce the weighted resource utilization. The MRODBN-RAS technique uses DBN model with hyperparameter tuning using MRO algorithm to allocate the resources. The design of the MRO algorithm helps in the optimal selection of the hyperparameter related to the DBN model. The simulation results of the MRODBN-RAS method are examined under various measures. The extensive comparison study highlighted the better performance of the MRODBN-RAS approach over existing techniques.

EARLY PLANNING FOR TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE EVENTS: FACTORS IN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

One gorgeous natural event which attracts tourists to a destination is an eclipse. This paper is an initial attempt to investigate the effective factors for early planning in destinations for a total solar eclipse. A qualitative-quantitative methods (with exploratory factor analysis) were used. The results reveal seventeen effective factors and five variables such as management and planning at different levels; setting up a news agency website and social networks to increase the level of public awareness and advertising; local involvement; organizing local festivals in nearby villages and cities; and public involvement as the main factors in early planning in destinations for a total solar eclipse. The results also illustrate that there is correlation between the identified variables. Eclipse events in a short period of time attract numerous tourists to a destination, and this is a form of mass tourism. Therefore, early management of the event plays an axial role in the sustainable development of the region.

Countering “Fake News” Through Public Education and Advertisements: An Experimental Analysis

This paper examines whether proactive efforts to educate people about disinformation through advertisements can successfully increase skepticism towards false headlines or if such efforts do more harm than good by inadvertently increasing belief in false information. We analyze a survey experiment that employed three different advertisements that directly addressed “fake news.” We find that all advertisements were effective at increasing skepticism towards “fake news” headlines. We also find no evidence of backfire effects occurring. However, subsequent analysis using Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) finds significant heterogeneity within these treatment effects. While all advertisements were effective, each ad was effective in different ways despite common themes and content. This suggests a more complicated understanding of the counter-disinformation process and highlights BART’s utility in public opinion research.

THE ROLE OF INTEGRATED MARKETING STRATEGIES ON HOTEL PERFORMANCE DURING COVID-19 IN LEBANON

This study explores the relationship between integrated marketing strategies and hotel firms’ performance during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific goal was to look into how different marketing tactics, including public relations, social media, sales promotion, and advertising, influenced hotels’ performance and ability to survive the COVID-19 crisis. The research design for this study was descriptive in nature. Primary data were gathered from a sample of about 200 guests who stayed at five 5-star hotels in Lebanon. The data collection process included the use of a scale questionnaire, which enabled the measurement of customers' perspectives and experiences with the integrated marketing tactics adopted by these hotels. Based on the findings, numerous suggestions have been made for hotel companies wishing to increase their marketing effectiveness in challenging situations. These recommendations include investing in targeted advertising campaigns, using social media platforms to engage with customers and promote their offerings, providing appealing sales promotions to encourage bookings, and maintaining strong public relations to improve brand reputation and customer trust.