Public Access Policy Research Articles

Explaining public dental service utilization: A theoretical model.

Constructing and validating a theoretical model of relationships between dental services use and socioeconomic characteristics, oral health status, primary care coverage, and public dental services. The first stage of the study consisted of developing a theoretical-conceptual model to demonstrate the expected relationships between variables based on the literature. In the second stage, we tested the proposed theoretical model using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique, using data from the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2019 with a sample of 41,664 individuals aged 15 or older. This study successfully defined a theoretical model that explains the systematic relationships involving public dental services utilization. Socioeconomic status was negatively associated with oral health status (β = -0.376), enrollment in primary care facilities (β = -0.254), and the use of public dental consultations (β = -0.251). Being black, indigenous, or living in a rural area was directly associated with lower socioeconomic status and greater use of public dental services. The identified relationships, establishing a theoretical basis for further investigations, also provide evidence of a public access policy's effect on oral health services on equity, supporting the construction of more effective and equitable public policies.

Data sharing in the context of community-engaged research partnerships

Over the past 20 years, the National Institutes for Health (NIH) has implemented several policies designed to improve sharing of research data, such as the NIH public access policy for publications, NIH genomic data sharing policy, and National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Moonshot public access and data sharing policy. In January 2023, a new NIH data sharing policy has gone into effect, requiring researchers to submit a Data Management and Sharing Plan in proposals for NIH funding (NIH. Supplemental information to the, 2020b; NIH. Final policy for data, 2020a). These policies are based on the idea that sharing data is a key component of the scientific method, as it enables the creation of larger data repositories that can lead to research questions that may not be possible in individual studies (Alter and Gonzalez, 2018; Jwa and Poldrack, 2022), allows enhanced collaboration, and maximizes the federal investment in research. Important questions that we must consider as data sharing is expanded are to whom do benefits of data sharing accrue and to whom do benefits not accrue? In an era of growing efforts to engage diverse communities in research, we must consider the impact of data sharing for all research participants and the communities that they represent.We examine the issue of data sharing through a community-engaged research lens, informed by a long-standing partnership between community-engaged researchers and a key community health organization (Kruse et al., 2022). We contend that without effective community engagement and rich contextual knowledge, biases resulting from data sharing can remain unchecked. We provide several recommendations that would allow better community engagement related to data sharing to ensure both community and researcher understanding of the issues involved and move toward shared benefits. By identifying good models for evaluating the impact of data sharing on communities that contribute data, and then using those models systematically, we will advance the consideration of the community perspective and increase the likelihood of benefits for all.

Academic Tracker: Software for tracking and reporting publications associated with authors and grants.

In recent years, United States federal funding agencies, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), have implemented public access policies to make research supported by funding from these federal agencies freely available to the public. Enforcement is primarily through annual and final reports submitted to these funding agencies, where all peer-reviewed publications must be registered through the appropriate mechanism as required by the specific federal funding agency. Unreported and/or incorrectly reported papers can result in delayed acceptance of annual and final reports and even funding delays for current and new research grants. So, it's important to make sure every peer-reviewed publication is reported properly and in a timely manner. For large collaborative research efforts, the tracking and proper registration of peer-reviewed publications along with generation of accurate annual and final reports can create a large administrative burden. With large collaborative teams, it is easy for these administrative tasks to be overlooked, forgotten, or lost in the shuffle. In order to help with this reporting burden, we have developed the Academic Tracker software package, implemented in the Python 3 programming language and supporting Linux, Windows, and Mac operating systems. Academic Tracker helps with publication tracking and reporting by comprehensively searching major peer-reviewed publication tracking web portals, including PubMed, Crossref, ORCID, and Google Scholar, given a list of authors. Academic Tracker provides highly customizable reporting templates so information about the resulting publications is easily transformed into appropriate formats for tracking and reporting purposes. The source code and extensive documentation is hosted on GitHub (https://moseleybioinformaticslab.github.io/academic_tracker/) and is also available on the Python Package Index (https://pypi.org/project/academic_tracker) for easy installation.

The Hegemony of Public Service Practices in the Perspective of Power Dualism of Traditional Villages and Government Villages

In Bali, they there know the terms government village and traditional village. In the government village, there are hamlets and neighbourhood heads, the top leader, Perbekel. Traditional villages consist of Banjar, and each has a kelian. The top leader is called the bendesa. Traditional villages have their courts called kerta desa and various regulations, including awig-awig as the basic law, perarem as law, and other regulations. There is a village police called Pecalang to enforce the rules. This dualism often raises the question of how Bali maintains the village's existence in the tendency of increasingly narrow distances, spaces, and boundaries of assimilation between humans, which must be sorted based on the status of traditional krama, krama tamiu, and tamiu. This paper describes the shackles of public services on the dualism axis of power in traditional and government villages. The shackles referred to in this paper illustrate how strong the policy dominance between the traditional and government villages is and the hegemony of public service access policies below the implementation level. The dualism of power, which both have the authority to determine and regulate the society within their sphere of power. The dualism of interests towards the same object in different ways in carrying out service tasks to the community. In the end, it impacts the mechanism of country and community relations between government villages and traditional villages. The public service mechanism with the dualism of power in Bali is unique and attracts readers' attention, especially those outside Bali.

Public access policy in the United States: Impact of the Scholarly Publishing Roundtable

Public access policy in the United States: Impact of the Scholarly Publishing Roundtable

Open Access Initiatives in Western Asia

ABSTRACT This paper highlights open access activities and resources from Western Asia. The development of open access journals from this region is analyzed through regional listings in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and information about the development and implementation of open access repositories is taken from the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) platform. Additional information about OA resources and development projects was found through UNESCO’s Global Open Access Portal. The study’s findings show that, even with support from international groups like EIFL and OpenAIRE, the region’s open access market lags behind that of more developed countries. Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) stand out among Western Asian states, and Cyprus took the important step of instituting a national public open access policy. Awareness projects and workshops will be a vital step in helping the countries of Western Asia to see the value of open access and to build a stronger OA infrastructure.

A Secure and Policy-Controlled Signature Scheme With Strong Expressiveness and Privacy-Preserving Policy

The policy-controlled signature (PCS) scheme uses the access policy to control signature verification permission. However public access policy that may contain private information will leak user privacy. At the same time, the expressiveness of access structures in the PCS schemes is weak. Therefore, we propose a policy-controlled signature scheme with strong expressiveness and privacy-preserving policy (PCS-PP), in which linear secret sharing schemes is to design access structure which has strong expression, the three primes composite order bilinear groups is used to hide the attribute value into the attribute name that may expose the privacy data by data distortion concept. The proposed PCS-PP scheme not only has correctness and privacy-preserving policy, but also supports fine-grained signature verification. In addition, the unforgeability is proved in the random oracle model. Compared to the related schemes, the proposed PCS-PP scheme has superiority in features, computation cost and storage.

Introduction and Development Direction of the National R&D Data Management System – Focusing on the “Data Management Plan(DMP)” System –

Various research data generated in the process of conducting R&D projects has been used not only as a means of verifying the rationality, appropriateness, and ethics of research results for a long time, but also as an important research resource for advanced convergence research activities. A data management policy that efficiently produces and manages research data and allows relevant researchers to access and utilize it has emerged as an important issue. In particular, research data generated from various R&D projects supported by public funding such as national R&D is treated as a central object of public disclosure, access, sharing and utilization policies on research results, and related systems have been established and implemented at the national level. One of the important institutional means is the R&D Data Management Plan(DMP) for promoting public R&D projects. The R&D Data Management Plan refers to a comprehensive management plan for various research data collected, produced, managed, and utilized in various ways in relation to R&D tasks carried out by the researchers themselves. Data management plans are usually established and managed in relation to the implementation of public R&D projects conducted by the state, and are prepared and implemented according to certain legal grounds, and are promoted as part of R&D performance management or R&D information management policies. In this study, the institutional meaning and contents of the national R&D data management plan, which is regarded as the core institutional basis for the establishment of the national science and technology research data management and utilization system, is investigated, and the legal maintenance and operation status of major countries and Korean DMP systems. After examining the problems in legislative and legal interpretation of the current system, the improvement directions for the continuous operation and development of the national DMP system were reviewed.

Desafios na preservação do patrimônio radiofônico no Brasil

Este artigo se dedica à discussão sobre patrimônio radiofônico no Brasil, expondo a inexistência de políticas públicas de preservação e acesso a arquivos sonoros de emissoras de rádio. Metodologicamente, o artigo parte de revisão bibliográfica e da realização de entrevista semiestruturada com gestores do Museu da Imagem e do Som do Rio de Janeiro (MIS-RJ), referência na conservação de acervos audiovisuais no país. De um lado, o artigo aborda as perdas culturais decorrentes da ausência de uma política de preservação radiofônica, ou mesmo sonora. De outro, apresenta uma instituição que consegue vencer as dificuldades burocráticas e financeiras e assegurar iniciativas de registro e difusão de acervo sonoro cruciais para uma historiografia da cultura sonora do país. No percurso, são elencadas possíveis ações no sentido de assegurar a preservação do acervo radiofônico, tais como a criação de condições para o registro do fluxo de programação das emissoras, a busca de parâmetros consensuais para digitalização, tratamento, conservação e armazenamento de áudio e o investimento na produção de podcasts que explorem o patrimônio gerado diuturnamente pelas emissoras de rádio.

Financiamiento de las Mipymes en México y su impacto en su esperanza de vida

MSMEs are of vital importance to the Mexican economy, these comprise more than 99% of the total of Mexican companies, are the main generators of employment with more than 70% and generate 52% of the national GDP. Unfortunately, the lack of financing is one of the most important problems that origin a high business mortality, for example, 65% of micro and small businesses die before their fifth birthday and the average life expectancy is only 7.8 years. The objective of this research is to determine the impact of financing on the life expectancy of MSMEs in Mexico. Some results infer that the main source of financing of these businesses is not the financial institutions, on the contrary, they are the resources that their owners invest and the main impediment to not accessing external financing is the high interest rates. This study contributes to providing a broader perspective on the current conditions of MSMEs in order to improve public policies of access the financing for MSMEs to increase their competitiveness and permanence.

Mandating access: assessing the NIH's public access policy.

In April 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) implemented the Public Access Policy (PAP), which mandated that the full text of NIH-supported articles be made freely available on PubMed Central - the NIH's repository of biomedical research. This paper uses 600,000 NIH articles and a matched comparison sample to examine how the PAP impacted researcher access to the biomedical literature and publishing patterns in biomedicine. Though some estimates allow for large citation increases after the PAP, the most credible estimates suggest that the PAP had a relatively modest effect on citations, which is consistent with most researchers having widespread access to the biomedical literature prior to the PAP, leaving little room to increase access. I also find that NIH articles are more likely to be published in traditional subscription-based journals (as opposed to 'open access' journals) after the PAP. This indicates that any discrimination the PAP induced, by subscription-based journals against NIH articles, was offset by other factors - possibly the decisions of editors and submission behaviour of authors.

Changes in Donor Heart Availability in Response to State-Level Opioid Antagonist Policy

In the United States, many jurisdictions have enacted laws aimed at increasing naloxone availability and utilization by first responders and laypersons to combat the opioid epidemic. While there is evidence of some success of such laws in mitigating overdose deaths, the impact on donor organ availability has not been studied. We analyzed U.S. heart donors were drug intoxication was the cause of death from 2010-2017, excluding 12 states with <10 such donors. We categorized opioid antagonist laws by 5 axes: 1) any law; 2) public access; 3) bystander immunity; 4) prescriber immunity; and 5) opioid antagonist possession legalization. We conducted a population weighted difference-in-differences analysis of state-level donor rate with fixed effects for state and year. Robust confidence intervals were calculated for pooled effects across all states. A total 2,030 donors died of drug intoxication over the study period (9.9% of all donors). Adoption of opioid antagonist laws varied: 37/38 states adopted a public access policy; only 9/38 expressly legalized possession. Pooled analysis across all states showed no significant change in rate of donors for pre- vs post-implementation periods. (Figure: Effect of opioid antagonist law in states passing law vs states not passing law. Comparison is t=0, the year of passage. Robust confidence intervals are shown consistently crossing the y-axis for t>0, signaling no effect on the rate of heart donors who died of drug intoxication. Flat trendline for t<0 shows that the common-trend assumption is not violated.) CONCLUSION: Opioid antagonist policies appear to either be a small factor influencing organ availability or counterbalanced by increase in utilization. Given the rise of available donor hearts as a result of opioid-related deaths, implications of policies aimed at curtailing the opioid epidemic should be closely examined to help transplant centers and organ procurement organizations anticipate changes to the donor landscape.

Navigating the NIH Public Access Policy for Peer-Reviewed Manuscripts

Navigating the NIH Public Access Policy for Peer-Reviewed Manuscripts

The National Cancer Institute Cancer Moonshot Public Access and Data Sharing Policy—Initial assessment and implications

AbstractSince 2013, federal research-funding agencies have been required to develop and implement broad data sharing policies. Yet agencies today continue to grapple with the mechanisms necessary to enable the sharing of a wide range of data types, from genomic and other -omics data to clinical and pharmacological data to survey and qualitative data. In 2016, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) launched the ambitious $1.8 billion Cancer Moonshot Program, which included a new Public Access and Data Sharing (PADS) Policy applicable to funding applications submitted on or after October 1, 2017. The PADS Policy encourages the immediate public release of published research results and data and requires all Cancer Moonshot grant applicants to submit a PADS plan describing how they will meet these goals. We reviewed the PADS plans submitted with approximately half of all funded Cancer Moonshot grant applications in fiscal year 2018, and found that a majority did not address one or more elements required by the PADS Policy. Many such plans made no reference to the PADS Policy at all, and several referenced obsolete or outdated National Institutes of Health (NIH) policies instead. We believe that these omissions arose from a combination of insufficient education and outreach by NCI concerning its PADS Policy, both to potential grant applicants and among NCI’s program staff and external grant reviewers. We recommend that other research funding agencies heed these findings as they develop and roll out new data sharing policies.

Publishing habits and perceptions of open access publishing and public access amongst clinical and research fellows.

IntroductionOpen access (OA) publishing rates have risen dramatically in the biomedical sciences in the past decade. However, few studies have focused on the publishing activities and attitudes of early career researchers. The aim of this study was to examine current publishing activities of clinical and research fellows and their perceptions of OA publishing and public access.MethodsThis study employed a mixed methods approach. Data on publications authored by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center fellows between 2013 and 2018 were collected via an in-house author profile system and citation indexes. Journals were categorized according to SHERPA/RoMEO classifications. In-person and telephone interviews were conducted with fifteen fellows to discern their perceptions of OA publishing.ResultsThe total percentage of fellows’ publications that were freely available OA was 28.6%, with a relatively flat rate between 2013 and 2018. Publications with fellows as first authors were significantly more likely to be OA. Fellows cited high article processing charges (APCs) and perceived lack of journal quality or prestige as barriers to OA publishing. Fellows generally expressed support for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) public access policy.ConclusionsWhile the fellows in this study acknowledged the potential of OA to aid in research dissemination, they also expressed hesitation to publish OA related to confusion surrounding legitimate OA and predatory publications and frustration with APCs. Fellows supported the NIH public access policy and accepted it as part of their research process. Health sciences information professionals could potentially leverage this acceptance of public access to advocate for OA publishing.

As políticas públicas de inclusão ao ensino superior: uma análise do contexto brasileiro nos últimos 20 anos

O trabalho analisa as políticas públicas ao ensino superior no País, tendo como principais objetivos demonstrar a evolução legislativa e dados qualiquantitativos acerca do acesso ao ensino superior por pretos e pardos. A pesquisa está amparada em método dedutivo. Os métodos de procedimento serão o histórico e o estatístico, inter-relacionando o estudo das políticas públicas de acesso ao ensino superior e aos dados governamentais e não governamentais. Na análise empírica, dados estatísticos serão necessários, especificando os atributos qualiquantificáveis dos dados recolhidos para uma compreensão em consonância com a construção teórica. Pode-se perceber, a título de resultados e de considerações finais, que ainda há muito para evoluir, porém será necessário implementar modificações significativas na tutela das ações afirmativas.

The NIH public access policy did not harm biomedical journals.

The United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) imposed a public access policy on all publications for which the research was supported by their grants; the policy was drafted in 2004 and took effect in 2008. The policy is now 11 years old, yet no analysis has been presented to assess whether in fact this largest-scale US-based public access policy affected the vitality of the scholarly publishing enterprise, as manifested in changed mortality or natality rates of biomedical journals. We show here that implementation of the NIH policy was associated with slightly elevated mortality rates and mildly depressed natality rates of biomedical journals, but that birth rates so exceeded death rates that numbers of biomedical journals continued to rise, even in the face of the implementation of such a sweeping public access policy.

O acesso do estudante surdo em Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior no município de Salvador: o caso da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)

Com base nos pressupostos da pedagogia bilíngue (LODI e LACERDA, 2010; LODI, 2013) e com base no estudos sobre políticas linguísticas (MÜLLER, 2016; BALDAUF JÚNIOR. 2014; BONACINA-PUGH, 2012), através de análise documental, pretende-se traçar um retrato das condições de acesso do estudante surdo às instituições públicas de ensino superior no município de Salvador, em especial na Universidade Federal da Bahia, a partir de suas experiências no ensino secundário, que repercutem o sucesso/insucesso das políticas educacionais/linguísticas para esta população, examinando a principal fonte de procedência do alunado surdo na UFBA - a AESOS. Os resultados apontam que o ingresso do estudante surdo, nos cursos de graduação da UFBA, tem-se dado através do sistema programado de reserva de vagas em projetos específicos voltados exclusivamente à promoção de sua formação superior: o Curso de Licenciatura em Letras Libras EAD, e o Curso de Pedagogia Bilíngue na modalidade online. No que diz respeito à Pós-Graduação, houve apenas três estudantes surdos antes da implantação, em 2017, do sistema de cotas para a Pós-graduação stricto sensu. Espera-se que nossos achados sobre a real situação de acesso da população surda ao nível superior nas instituições públicas locais, onde o ingresso através do processo classificatório ainda é dificultoso, excludente e replicador de desigualdades sociais e educacionais, venham a contribuir para o avanço das políticas públicas de acesso e permanência, da produção de conhecimento na área da pedagogia bilíngue, e na formação de recursos humanos que influenciem as práticas educacionais das escolas para a população surda.

Federal Public Access Policy: A Breach of the First Amendment Rights of Scientists

Federal public access policy requires recipients of federal research grants to place copies of scientific articles they publish based on the awards in a federal repository. Publishers hold the copyrights to these articles, and not all of them permit authors to comply with the policy. This article argues that public access policy infringes on the First Amendment rights of scientist-authors. The Supreme Court of the United States has held that it is the author’s right to choose where, when and whether to publish. Choice of publication venue is critical to authors, who retain creative and economic interests in their work, even when they transfer copyright. Scientist-authors generally seek to publish in prestigious journals that will lead to promotions and extramural funding. The federal government already exerts a great deal of control over the research it funds and must stay out of the author-publisher relationship.

Equidad en el acceso y la graduación en la Educación Superior: Reflexiones desde el Cono Sur

El análisis de la equidad de los sistemas de educación superior que se han masificado en América Latina supone prestar especial atención a las chances que tienen los y las jóvenes de los sectores de menores ingresos de acceder y obtener un título. La región del Cono Sur constituye en tal sentido un caso de interés para apreciar cuáles son algunos resultados en términos de acceso y graduación de la aplicación, por un lado, de políticas selectivas de admisión, diversificación institucional y privatización (Chile) y, por el otro, acceso gratuito y sin restricciones en el sector público, en un entorno institucional diversificado en un caso (Argentina) o con baja diversificación institucional en el otro (Uruguay). El análisis comparativo de estos países revela la importancia de analizar no sólo las políticas públicas e institucionales de acceso, las fuentes de financiamiento y la evolución de los indicadores sobre acceso y graduación en cada caso, sino también lo que ocurre en términos de la diferenciación institucional, su asociación con la estratificación social y con la asignación de prestigio. Así los indicadores muestran mejoras en el tiempo, pero en contextos institucionales que mantienen ciertos patrones de desigualdad social.