Psychosomatic Reactions Research Articles

Psychosomatics: Communication of the Central Nervous System through Connection to Tissues, Organs, and Cells.

This study aimed to scrutinize existing evidence concerning the link between somatic symptoms and nervous system activity. The goal was to pinpoint areas for effective therapeutic interventions. Psychosomatic disorders, an often overlooked field of medicine, bears significance given the multitude of patients experiencing somatic symptoms due to specific emotions and experiences. The literature was explored using the methods of comparative analysis, synthesis and graphical representation. The study introduced pathological neural networks localized in brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, leading to maladaptive behaviors and heightened negative focus. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, alongside increased cortisol levels, induces chronic distress, inflammation, and disruptions in neurotransmitter metabolism. The gut microbiota significantly influences psychosomatic reactions. Patients with psychosomatic disorders require complex treatment with cognitive-behavioural therapy and hypnosis methods. Within the framework of pathological neural networks, the MindChat technique has yielded effectiveness with the purpose of "dehypnotization" and destruction of aberrant cognitive and emotional patterns. However, it should be noted that this technique requires further empirical support.

Virtual criminal encroachments on sexual freedom or inviolability in the space of the Metaverse

The article substantiates the identity between the psychosomatic reactions of the human biological body and the information received by the user in the Metaverse through the extended reality technology. It is proved that the psychological connection between the user and his/her avatar depends not so much on the similarity between them, but on the efforts and resources spent on creating such an image. It is substantiated that users of virtual worlds to some extent associate or identify themselves with their virtual bodies or characters, and a significant part of the virtual experience is perceived as a very real experience. The sense of one's own virtual presence can be so compelling that it can affect the degree of self-identity of a person, and therefore virtual forms of sexual or other abuse can be experienced as physical and directly participate in the mechanism of causing socially dangerous harm. The author considers certain ways of encroaching on sexual freedom or sexual inviolability, in particular, fraud, body blending using deepfake technology, taking possession of an avatar, forcing it to perform certain actions, overt verbal and graphic actions, covert actions, causing tactile sensations without the consent of another person, socially dangerous behaviour of bots and algorithms that control the space of a certain Metaverse with the help of artificial intelligence. Based on the study, the author proposes to supplement the Criminal Code of Ukraine with new provisions aimed at preventing criminal offences against sexual freedom or sexual inviolability in the virtual space of the Metaverse. For the purposes of legal regulation, the author proposes to distinguish certain parts of the Metaverse and, according to the criteria of control and functional purpose, to divide them into closed (individual), corporate (collective) and public spaces.

Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in the Perioperative Period in Women of Reproductive Age During Regional Anesthesia

Introduction Perioperative cognitive impairment occurs in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Prediction, early detection and effective treatment of these disorders are important for the well-being of women and their offspring.Aim of study To evaluate the effect of anesthesia and surgery on the level of anxiety, depression, short-term memory, and concentration in pregnant and nonpregnant women.Material and methods The observational prospective study included 120 patients who were divided into two equal groups — pregnant (n=60) and nonpregnant (n=60) women. A comparative analysis of testing psychosomatic reactions and cognitive functions using the MoCa test, Benton and Wechsler tests, selfassessment questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was carried out. The relative risk and odds ratio of developing anxiety and depression were calculated.Results Anxiety indicators in pregnant women before surgery reached subclinical values of 7.5 (8.4; 6.6), and in non-pregnant women – the norm: 6.5 (7.3; 5.7) (p<0.001); Results of depression in pregnant women after surgery were 7.3 (8.5; 6.1), in non-pregnant women — the norm: 6.3 (7; 5.5) (p<0.001). The odds of developing short-term memory impairment in pregnant women before surgery was 3.1 times higher than in non-pregnant women, odds ratio 3.1 (95% CI [1.3–7.4]). In the pregnant group, short-term memory scores before surgery were 5 (5.8; 4.2), and after surgery they decreased to 3.8 (4.7; 2.9) (p<0.001). There was a decrease in concentration of attention in pregnant women: before surgery 6.2 (6.8; 5.6), and after surgery — 5 (5.8; 4.2) (p<0.001). The relative risk (RR) of developing depression in pregnant women after surgery was 6.1 times RR=6.1 (95% CI 2.4; 15.8), sensitivity Se (%)=0.9, specificity Sp (%)=0.5. The relative risk (RR) of developing short-term memory impairment after surgery was 1.1 times RR=1.1 (95% CI 1; 1.2), sensitivity Se (%)=0.5, specificity Sp (%)=0, 8. The relative risk (RR) of developing problems with concentration after surgery was 8.3 times RR=8.3 (95% CI 3.9; 18.3), sensitivity Se (%)=0.8, specificity Sp (%)=0.7.Conclusions The Results obtained allow us to conclude that before surgery, pregnant women experience a subclinical version of anxiety, against the background of which the chances of developing problems with short-term memory and concentration increase. After surgery, pregnant women experience a subclinical version of depression, along with it there is also impairment of intelligence, short-term memory and concentration. The initial impairment of memory and attention requires the selection of anesthesia in a group of pregnant women.

САМООЦЕНОЧНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПСИХОСОМАТИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ БЕРЕМЕННЫХ ЖЕНЩИН С АЛЕКСИТИМИЧЕСКИМ РАДИКАЛОМ

The article presents the results of developing a methodological basis for studying the psychoemotional state of pregnant women with alexithymia. When pregnant women with a high level of alexithymia assessed their psychosomatic state, significant differences were noted in comparison with women with a low level of alexithymia in the expression of certain types of complaints about their physical state. Psychosomatic reactions were accompanied by irritability, as well as confusion of the interviewed women. Taking into account the previously obtained experimental data, a process model mediating the role of alexithymic radical in the frequency and severity of psychosomatic complaints in a future mother as self-assessment parameters of psychoemotional state was formed. The results of the study confirm the need for qualitative and purposeful work to stabilize and correct the psychological state of pregnant women with alexithymia.

Standardized diagnosis results of suspected local anesthetics allergy

To review and investigate the diagnosis results of local anesthetics (LA) allergy and improve the understanding of LA allergy in clinician. From March 2017 to February 2022, a total of 24 patients were investigated in Allergy Center of West China Hospital,Sichuan University on suspicion of LA allergy. Clinical data and results of skin tests and drug provocation tests (DPT) with the suspected drugs were retrospectively evaluated. The value of standardized diagnostic protocol in the LA allergy were analyzed. The results showed that 24 patients (3 men/21 women) were included with age range from 20 to 74 years. Three cases (12.5%) were positive in previous LA skin tests and proved to be tolerated through standardized tests. Twenty-one patients were initially diagnosed as "LA allergy" because of adverse reactions after previous use of LA, including 20 cases of immediate-type reaction and 1 case of delayed-type reaction. Three cases were considered LA allergy through standardized diagnosis approaches, including skin tests and DPT. One patient was diagnosed with anaphylaxis caused by chlorhexidine. Of the remaining 17 patients, 7 were considered as psychosomatic reactions (29.1%), 3 of sympathetic nervous system conditions (12.5%), 1 of spontaneous urticaria (4.2%), 2 of vasovagal syncope (8.3%), drug side effects (8.3%), skin irritation (8.3%), respectively. In conclusion, true allergic reactions to LA are rare. Through standardized skin tests and DPT, allergy can be ruled out in the vast majority of patients who complain of "LA allergy". For patients who are highly suspected of LA inducing anaphylaxis, other local anesthetics that can be used as safe alternatives should be determined by diagnostic tests according to future needs.

A Study on Patient Safety Incidents and the Second Victim Phenomenon Among Healthcare Providers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

A second victim (SV) is a healthcare worker who is traumatized by an unexpected adverse patient case, therapeutic mistake, or patient-associated injury that has not been anticipated. Often, the second victim experiences direct guilt for the harm caused to the patients. Healthcare organizations are often unaware of the emotional toll that adverse events can have on healthcare providers (HCPs) who can be harmed by the same incidents that harm their patients. Second victims (SVs) were present in 10.4% up to 43.3% of cases following an adverse event. This study aims to examine the second victimphenomenon among healthcare providers at Al-Ahsa hospitals, its prevalence, symptoms, associated factors, and support strategies. Four major public hospitals participated in this cross-sectional study. The study used the German standardized questionnaire "SeViD-I survey." The directors of the four hospitals sent invitations with links to participate to healthcare providers who had worked in their hospitals for over six months after completing their internship program. More than one-quarter of the respondents (90 (28%)) have been victims of a second victim incident before; of those, 63 (70%) have had it once, 12 (13.3%) twice, and 15(16.7) repeatedly. In our study, the risk factors for a second victim only appeared in the male gender and were statistically significant. Strong reactivation of situations outside of the workplace was reported in 36 (40%) participants. Thirty-five (38.9%) participants reported reactivating the situation on the job site. Twenty-eight (31%) participants reported aggressive psychosomatic reactions (headaches and back pain). In 28 (31.1%) participants, sleep problems or excessive sleep needs were pronounced. The median of feeling symptoms was 7.2. As for supporting strategies, 64 (71.1%) respondents considered emotional support and crisis management to be very helpful. Sixty-six (73.3%) respondents found a safe chance to be very helpful. The findings of this study indicate that healthcare providers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, suffer from second victim traumatization at high rates. Several symptoms appear in the second victim, and most do not receive enough support.

Features of the Social Situation of a Child's Development with an Allergic Disease

With all the variety of approaches to the study of the social situation of a child's development in the presence of somatic distress, currently insufficient attention is paid to the problems of the occurrence and course of allergies of unclear genesis. Consideration of an allergy of unclear genesis through the prism of a psychosomatic reaction is im-possible without taking into account the social situation of the child's development. In our study, we consider the pe-culiarities of the social situation of a child's development by studying various psychological characteristics, ranging from the characteristics of intra-family conflicts, the type of upbringing, the quality of contact between mother and child, and ending with the past experience of the child's mother interacting with her own mother. The aim of the study is to study the peculiarities of the social situation of a child's development in the manifestation of allergies of both clear and unclear genesis.The article presents the results of a study of 63 mothers with children, who were further divided into three groups, depending on the presence of a diagnosis of allergy of clear/unclear genesis or its absence. Taking into ac-count the set goals, our study used groups of methods focused on studying the peculiarities of the social situation of child development: clinical conversation, analysis of medical documentation, developed questionnaire aimed at diag-nostic examination of mothers and their children with allergies of unclear genesis, as well as children without allergies of unclear genesis, in order to identify risk factors disorders of mental and psychosomatic health, psychodiagnostic methods.According to the results of the study, the article presents a differentiated identification of factors of violation of the social situation of the child's development, by studying the quality of contact between mother and child, determin-ing the significance of the influence of past negative experiences of interaction with one's own mother; disturbed in-tra-family relations, which in the future may act as a trigger for the manifestation of allergies of unclear genesis in children.

Investigation into Grief Experiences of the Bereaved During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The objective of the current study was to investigate the grief experiences of people affected by COVID-19. The study adopted a qualitative design of descriptive phenomenology. Fifteen adults who had lost a family member during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected as the sample through the purposive sampling method until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and the Colaizzi analysis method. Six main themes (i.e., unexpressed grief, psychosomatic reactions, negative emotions, family problems, and social and occupational problems) were extracted. Data analysis showed that complex disenfranchised grief is the pervasive consequence of the COVID-19 experience. According to the findings, participants experienced disenfranchised grief during the loss of their loved ones due to the COVID-19 disease, which was a complex, painful experience accompanied by negative emotions and family, work, and social tensions. This grief is accompanied by more severe and prolonged symptoms, making it difficult for the bereaved to return to normal life. In unexpressed grieving, there are intense feelings of grief, pain, separation, despair, emptiness, low self-esteem, bitterness, or longing for the presence of the deceased. This grief originated from the conditions of quarantine and physical distance on the one hand, which required the control of the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease, and on the other hand, the cultural-religious context of the Iranian people.

Environmental anxiety and its impact on the mental health of the individual

In this study, “environmental anxiety” refers to a state of anxiety and tension that arises as a result of concern about the state of the environment and its impact on human health and safety. Psychological distress can be caused by various factors, such as stressful situations, genetic characteristics, neurochemical imbalances, psychological factors, traumatic events, chronic diseases, drug and alcohol use, as well as sociocultural influences. The main forms of environmental anxiety include: fear of environmental problems, disturbing thoughts, concern about possible health effects, hypersensitivity syndrome to environmental factors, anxiety in connection with environmental crises, social anxiety due to environmental aspects, anxiety due to news and media. These forms of anxiety can manifest in different symptoms and manifest at different levels of the personality: physical manifestations, psychological reactions, emotional manifestations, behavioral changes and physiological reactions. The possibility of developing environmental anxiety in the context of environmental issues can be explained by various psychological mechanisms, such as a perceptual filter, catastrophic thinking, a sense of security, social influence, a sense of loss of control and uncertainty, as well as psychosomatic reactions. The publication also provides various psychological approaches and methods aimed at reducing the level of environmental anxiety, such as psychological counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, meditation and mindfulness, exposure therapy, stress management, journaling, healthy lifestyle, outdoor recreation, positive perception and understanding of environmental aspects.

Psychosomatic and behavioral reactions at competitions in female gymnasts 4–10 years old raised in families with different upbringing styles

Rhythmic gymnastics is a complex coordination sport with early professionalization. The specifics of sports training and competitive situations from a young age are accompanied by highintensity physical and emotional loads, which are stressogenic factors. Frequently repeated situations of neuropsychological stress can lead to emotional stress, which increases the risk of psychosomatic reactions. Some features of family upbringing observed in the families of athletes can increase the risk of psychosomatic reactions. The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between psychosomatic reactions in a competitive situation in young gymnasts 4–10 years old with the features of family upbringing style, the identification of predictors of psychosomatic reactions in a competitive situation. The sample of the study consisted of 44 families with female gymnasts 4–10 years old. The study was conducted with the use of methods by E.G.Eidemiller ASV, E. S. Schäfer PARI, R.K.Bell, author’s questionnaires “Parent/Trainer’s perceptions of the child’s experience of the competition situation”. Mathematical processing of the data included descriptive statistics, Correlation, Single Factor Variance, Factor and Regression analyses. Psychosomatic and behavioral responses to competition were found to differ among gymnasts raised in families with different family upbringing characteristics. It was found that irritability of the parent, irascibility, avoidance of contact, the desire to accelerate the child’s development, superauthority of the parent and some other features of family upbringing style are associated with increased neuropsychological excitement, the emergence of emotional stress. Family parenting style features such as hyperprotection and emotional distance with the child are prevalent in families of gymnasts 4–10 years old. The irascibility, severity, lack of parental acceptance and desire to change their child increase the nervous and mental agitation of young gymnasts in competitive situations. In competitive situations in female gymnasts 4–10 years old, overauthority of the parent, excessive severity, avoidance of contact and projection of undesirable qualities onto the child are predictors of gastrointestinal disturbances.

Babies in therapy, psychoanalytic interventions for infants and their parents.

Babies in therapy: The study "Psychoanalytic interventions for infants and their parents" conducted on infants through the lens of psychoanalysis and clinical work with both parents and infants all contribute to our knowledge of the nature of early relationship disorders. Psychoanalytic theory's concepts of the depressive position, early defense mechanisms, transference, and psychosomatic reactions to depressive emotions are shown to be crucial in clinical cases, giving therapists new tools for intervention and increasing efficiency. Psychoanalysts have researched the long-lasting effects of early disappointments and the sense of being helplessly abandoned; they emphasize that a disruption in the relationship with the caregiver can produce a psychic economy oriented on the avoidance of anxiety, leaving less energy for development. New parents and their sick infants can benefit from early therapies with therapeutic potential and the possibility of preventing future narcissistic pain issues if they are based on psychoanalytic thinking and knowledge of early symptoms.

Experiential-role approach in psychotherapy

The article presents the author's approach to the practice of psychological help, which we call experiential-role psychotherapy. It comes into being as a synthesis of methods of psychodrama, transactional analysis, the theory of systemic family psychology and psychotherapy, and a problem approach to the practice of psychological help based on author’s practical achievements and theoretical models. The essence of the method is the organization of emotional experience and practical experience in a state of role impersonation. The method makes it possible to work with a wide variety of problem topics, situations, relationships. Among them, three directions can be distinguished that determine the specificity of psychotherapeutic interventions. The first direction covers interventions in a state of non-hypnotic age-related regression, using transactional models of redecision and reparenting. Such work allows solving many psychotherapeutic tasks: changing ineffective and destructive scripted beliefs, improving self-relationship, harmonizing relationships with others. The second direction includes interventions focused on experience of physical sensations; their goal is a redecision at the level of the bodily script. This work is aimed at problems related to bodility, including psychosomatic reactions, dysfunctions of individual organs and systems of the body, and even with psychosomatic diseases in the early stages of development. The third direction is interventions within the framework of the family system; here there is a redecision in the state of historical regression at the level of the family-generic script. The work uses the model of the family-ancestral unconscious and is aimed at solving a number of systemic problems related to problematic or traumatic family information, excluded figures, family secrets, etc. Special attention is paid to working with the consequences of collective traumas experienced by a person's relatives and ancestors. In addition to traditional role figures, the work uses specific “age-related”, “bodily” and “historical” roles, that opens up the possibility of successful psychotherapy in working with many problems.

General Psychosomatic Medicine or the Loss of the Core of Being

IntroductionThe authors presents an overview of the schools of learning in the area of modern psychosomatic medicine.ObjectivesThe author presents different variants for the concept of disease in psychosomatics.MethodsGroddeck was of the opinion that illness was a “creative endeavour”. Adler speaks of the will to be ill. Schulz Henke found that there are “gaps” where one would expect “normal life coping”. Heraclitus said the character of the human is his fate. In psychosomatic medicine, we must focus attention on the character failings. Viktor von Weizäcker spoke of the revolving door principle. Gebsattel concentrated on the inhibition in becoming. Arthur Jores described psychosomatic disorders as human illnesses. Humans become sick when they find themselves in a “dead-end-street of destiny”. They lose their core of being. Günther Ammon describes the psychosomatic reaction as the expression of a disturbed interaction process and advocates the psychoanalytical group therapy in the treatment of psychosomatic illnesses.Results In psychosomatics one looks for a special personality type or for a special trigger situation. One asks about the childhood anamnesis and the biography, about the characteristic drives and the character problems for the respective illness.Those who have lost their core of being can regain it through self-education and self-reflection. However, a “core of being” must be present.ConclusionsDepending on the illness, character and social environment, it can happen that a patient “learns to express his wishes and fantasies, needs and sensitivities through his respective physical symptoms and complaints.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

‘People say it is dangerous’

Introduction: Mild hypertension is a common asymptomatic condition present in people at low risk of future cardiovascular events. These people represent approximately two-thirds of those diagnosed with hypertension. The best available evidence does not support pharmacological treatment for mild hypertension to reduce cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, overdetection of hypertension also occurs, and this practice is supported by public awareness campaigns, screening, easy access to testing, and poor clinical practice, enhancing the overdiagnosis potential. Moreover, sparse qualitative patient-oriented evidence that diagnosing hypertension has harmful consequences is observed. Therefore, evidence regarding the potential for unintended psychosocial effects of diagnosing mild hypertension is required. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if diagnosing low-risk people with mild hypertension has unintended psychosocial consequences. Methods: Eleven semi-structured single interviews and four focus groups were conducted in São Paulo, Brazil, among people diagnosed with mild hypertension without comorbidities. Informants were selected among the general population from a list of patients, a primary healthcare clinic, or a social network. The informants had a broad range of characteristics, including sex, age, education level, race/skin colour, and time from diagnosis. Data were subjected to qualitative thematic content analysis by three of the authors independently, followed by discussions, to generate categories and themes. Results: The informants confirmed that the hypertension diagnosis was a label for psychosomatic reactions to stress, medicalised illness experiences, and set a biographical milestone. We observed unintended consequences of the diagnosis in a broad range of psychosocial dimensions, for example, fear of death, disabilities, or ageing; pressure and control from significant others; and guilt, shame, and anxiety regarding work and leisure. Although informants had a broad range of characteristics, they shared similar stories, understandings, and labelling effects of the diagnosis. Conclusion: The diagnosis of hypertension is a significant event and affects daily life. Most of the impact is regarded as negative psychosocial consequences or harm; however, sometimes the impact might be ambiguous. Patients’ explanatory models are key elements in understanding and changing the psychosocial consequences of the diagnosis, and healthcare providers must be aware of explanatory models and psychosocial consequences when evaluating blood pressure elevations.

IMPLEMENTATION OF NEUROMUSCULAR DENTISTRY PRINCIPLES IN REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE ADENTIA

According to World Health Organization about 15% of the world’s adult population suffer from complete adentia, with a steady growth in the number of patients affecting not only the elderly which is accounted for by an increase in life expectancy, yet also among people in their working age. Apart from disturbed chewing and speech functions, complete adentia leads to altered anatomical and topographic proportions of the face and facial skeleton, progressive atrophy and osteoporosis of the jaws, masticatory and mimic muscle atrophy, as well as to dysfunction affecting these muscles and temporomandibular joints. Due to lack of proper nutrition, changed exterior, issues in interaction with others, this group of patients develop a whole set of psychosomatic reactions finally causing social withdrawal. Rehabilitation of patients with complete loss of teeth is an urgent issue. However, the effectiveness of prosthetic treatment depends not only on the denture manufacturing technology, but on the quality of functioning involving the maxillofacial organs in combination with the respective orthopedic appliances. Whereas precise and reliable assessment of the maxillofacial neuromuscular balance enables to predict immediate and long-term outcomes of orthopedic treatment. Employing the principles of neuromuscular dentistry allows us to assess reliably the changes in the reflex mechanisms of muscular apparatus. This was carried out throughout all the stages of prosthetic treatment in patients with complete adentia with intraosseous implants with fixed bridges and conditionally removable denture.

The psychosocial challenges of mothers of children with thalassemia: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND:Caring for the children suffering from thalassemia is a stressful experience with various aspects making the mothers face various challenges. Thus, the present study aimed to explain the psychosocial challenges of mothers with thalassemia children based on their lived experience.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this qualitative study, which was conducted using the phenomenological method, 14 mothers with thalassemia children were selected from two thalassemia treatment centers in Hamadan and Babol (Iran) in 2020 using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews and were analyzed by van Manen's phenomenological methodology.RESULTS:In the first stage of data analysis, 534 initial codes were extracted, which were reduced to 290 by comparison and integration. The primary themes turned into 24 secondary themes after clustering. By comparing the secondary themes, three main themes (i.e., “psychological distress,” “bodily burnout,” and “mothers' need to empathy and support”) with 7 secondary themes (i.e., “emotional exhaustion,” “mental strain,” “social stigma,” “acute psychosomatic reactions,” “long-term psychosomatic consequences,” “expectation of family support,” and support needs outside the family) were extracted.CONCLUSION:The results indicated that mothers with thalassemia children experience several challenges in various aspects. Therefore, they require care interventions and psychosocial support.

Psychodermatology and Its Therapeutic Effects

The superficial surface of the body called as skin has its main function as tactile reception, on stimulation of the emotional background there might be a presence of certain type of psychosomatic reactions that tend to cause dermatological changes, this in turn brings about the vast nature of psychodermatology.
 Background: Several report study and research have revealed that psychological stress has a huge role in the progression or worsening of a wide range of skin conditions.
 Aim: To determine if psychological stress has any role to play in onset or progression of skin related diseases or disorders
 Methodology: We conducted a systemic search of the related topics on pubmed, google scholar, Medline and some manual searches were done for the relevant studies and accordingly the articles were selected and reviewed.
 Results: As per many researches and studies that were conducted, some prevalent skin disorders caused due to psychological stresses are: dermatitis artefacta, skin hypochondriasis, acne, eczema, psoriasis.
 Conclusion: Psychological stress has been linked to the worsening of certain skin conditions. However, due to the difficulties of identifying and quantify Psychologicccal stress, along with issues about the etiologic importance of neuroimmunological findings in skin illnesses, this condition become more worsened.

The prospect of using natural psychobitics in dairy products to stabilize the diet

The spread of coronavirus infection has caused a disturbance in the structure of the diet, including the priority consumption of convenience foods and fast food. It is known, that inappropriate nutrition contributes both to the disruption of metabolic processes in the body and creates the prerequisites for the aggravation of nervous disorders. The development of functional products based on synbiotics, the components of which ensure the normalization of the intestinal microbiome composition, can become a promising direction for the prevention of malnutrition. The basis for developments in this area is a review of research data confirming the importance of the human intestinal microflora in the regulation of vital functions and psychosomatic reactions of the body, in particular, mood and behavior. The prospect of using fermented milk products with pro- and prebiotic microorganisms and preparations based on them instead of chemical antidepressants is shown. The mechanism of action of psychobiotics, consisting in the formation of most of the nervous and immune systems due to microorganisms of targeted action and dietary fibers in food, in particular dairy, has been analyzed.

Personal characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorders

In modern conditions, achieving high results in sports for professional athletes is associated with enormous physical and mental stress. This situation is aggravated by the fierce competition in the sports arena, which requires the manifestation of motor abilities at the level of the limit of human capabilities, provoking a constant stressful atmosphere and placing increased demands on the personal and professional qualities of modern athletes. The scientific article discusses the dependence of personal characteristics and features of the manifestation of post-traumatic stress disorders in professional athletes; sports competitions have a strong impact on the emotional status of an athlete. The main stress factor in the sports activity of an athlete is considered to be traumatization, i.e. getting physical and psychological injuries, which affects not only the sports career, but also leads to serious post-traumatic disorders. We assume that in the body of a professional athlete who is in a stressful environment for a long time (training, competitions), psychosomatic reactions occur that cause post-traumatic stress disorder, and also that the features of the course of this disorder depend on the personal characteristics of athletes. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a severe mental condition that occurs as a result of single or repeated events that have a super — powerful negative impact on the individual's psyche.

Salud mental, confinamiento y preocupación por el coronavirus: un estudio cualitativo

Este estudio cualitativo explora significados y experiencias de la preocupación por la COVID-19, el confinamiento y su relación con la salud mental. Incluyó 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a 10 hombres y 10 mujeres. Se halló que hay personas preocupadas por la salud propia y la de sus seres significativos. Esto puede detonar reacciones psicosomáticas y ansiedad. Otras personas devalúan la gravedad del COVID-19 porque no se consideran vulnerables. Exponerse recurrentemente a información mediática resulta estresante, así que algunos evitan hacerlo. Otra preocupación es económica: reducción del acceso al mercado laboral y suspensión o disminución del ingreso. Algunos participantes experimentan alteraciones en los hábitos alimenticios y de sueño. Finalmente, aunque el confinamiento limita la recreación, los informantes han realizado actividades de ocio individuales y familiares.