Psychosocial Development Of Children Research Articles

Japanese fathers' work-related factors associated with involvement in childcare.

Existing studies on fathers' involvement in childcare have focused on its impact on children's psychosocial development and the facilitation of family functions, like marital relationships. In this study, we investigated the factors that determine paternal childcare in Japan, particularly focusing on work-related hours and environment, separately, according to mothers' employment status. We used data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century (2010 cohort) conducted in Japan. We restricted the sample to 27,783 participants with working fathers and analyzed how paternal work-related factors affect fathers' childcare involvement by mothers' employment status using an ordered logistic regression model. In the model adjusting for all covariates, the odds ratio of spending less time with children on weekdays was higher: for fathers who worked 50 and more hours per week compared to those who worked 40-49 hours per week (OR = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.72-2.20 for 50-59 hours), for fathers whose commuting hour was longer than those commuting less than 0.5 hours per day (OR = 2.93, 95%CI:2.34-3.69 for 1.5 or more hours), for larger workplace employee sizes than for 5-99 employee sizes (OR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.38-1.77 for 500 or more employees). The associations between these paternal work-related variables and paternal hours spent with the children on weekdays were almost the same if the mothers were not working. Regardless of whether the mother is working, fathers' work environment factors, such as working hours, play a key role in their involvement in childcare.

Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Yetişkinlerde Psikolojik Esneklik ve Alkol Kullanımı Arasındaki İlişkide Aracı Rolü

Childhood trauma (CST) is a type of trauma that is often inflicted on children by people they know, has long-term effects, and is difficult to identify and treat. According to the World Health Organization, CST is any intentional or unintentional behavior by adults that negatively affects the health, physical and psychosocial development of children. The impact of VAC transcends cultural, social and economic boundaries and is a widespread problem. The effects of VAC on children's physical and mental development can lead to various psychosocial problems in childhood and adulthood. For this reason, it is of great importance to prevent child maltreatment, to address it with a multidisciplinary approach when it occurs, and to follow it up for a long period of time. This review aims to examine all aspects of CSA in the light of the studies conducted and to provide guidance to professionals working in the field of mental health and other disciplines. It also focuses on the mediating role of MTT in the relationship between psychological resilience and alcohol use in adults. In this context, the effects of MTT on psychological resilience and its relationship with alcohol use in adults are discussed in detail, and the potential links and interactions between these two factors are examined. Keywords: Childhood Traumas, Psychological Resilience, Alcohol Use

Çocukluk Çağı Travmalarının Yetişkinlerde Psikolojik Esneklik ve Alkol Kullanımı Arasındaki İlişkide Aracı Rolü

Childhood trauma (CST) is a type of trauma that is often inflicted on children by people they know, has long-term effects, and is difficult to identify and treat. According to the World Health Organization, CST is any intentional or unintentional behavior by adults that negatively affects the health, physical and psychosocial development of children. The impact of VAC transcends cultural, social and economic boundaries and is a widespread problem. The effects of VAC on children's physical and mental development can lead to various psychosocial problems in childhood and adulthood. For this reason, it is of great importance to prevent child maltreatment, to address it with a multidisciplinary approach when it occurs, and to follow it up for a long period of time. This review aims to examine all aspects of CSA in the light of the studies conducted and to provide guidance to professionals working in the field of mental health and other disciplines. It also focuses on the mediating role of MTT in the relationship between psychological resilience and alcohol use in adults. In this context, the effects of MTT on psychological resilience and its relationship with alcohol use in adults are discussed in detail, and the potential links and interactions between these two factors are examined. Keywords: Childhood Traumas, Psychological Resilience, Alcohol Use

HUBUNGAN PERILAKU IBU DENGAN STIMULASI PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH DI PAUD MUTIARA HATI SIDODADI DUSUN IV RAHAYU DESA SIDODADI KECAMATAN BIRU-BIRU TAHUN 2022

The attitudes that mothers adopt when caring, directing, and advising their children have an impact on them. Children are people who fall inside a specific developmental range, which includes newborns and teenagers. Three to six years old is the preschool age group. The preschool years, often known as the golden or critical periods, are extremely sensitive to their surroundings, are fleeting, and cannot be recreated. There will be a phase in the child's psychosocial development between initiative and guilt. Preschoolers initially study the fundamentals of psychosocial development in order to get ready for a greater social life that is required for adaptation or adjustment. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how preschoolers at PAUD Mutiara Hati Sidodadi Dusun IV Rahayu, Sidodadi Village, District, were stimulated in their motor development in relation to their mothers' conduct. 2022 will see Biru-Biru. This kind of study employs a cross-sectional research design and quantitative analysis. 35 PAUD Mutiara Hati students and a sample of 35 individuals made up the research population. The Total Sampling approach was used for sampling in this study. A chi-square test was employed to analyze the data. The study's findings indicate that 35 respondents (100%), or 14 individuals (40.0%) in the good group, 13 individuals (37.1%) in the pretty good category, and 8 individuals in the not good category, made up the frequency distribution of the duration of maternal conduct. (22.9%). The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between preschoolers' motor development stimulation and mother conduct. The chi-square test findings revealed a p-value of 0.00 for the association between the length of a mother's behavior and the stimulation of her child's motor development. Thus, it can be inferred from the study's findings that preschool-aged children at PAUD Mutiara Hati Sidodadi Dusun IV Rahayu, Sidodadi Village, District, benefit from stimulation of their motor development when it comes to the length of their mothers' conduct. 2022 will see Blue-Blue.

Comprehensive Analysis of Family-Based Childcare Options for Orphaned Children

This article delves into the challenges faced by orphans in Nigeria, specifically focusing on their psychological development and overall welfare. In 2003, there were an estimated 7 million orphans in the country, a number projected to rise to 8.2 million by 2010. This increase underscores the significant challenges posed by factors such as HIV/AIDS, conflict, and poverty. Globally, the orphan crisis is alarming, with predictions suggesting that by 2020, as many as 200 million children worldwide could be without parental care. The study emphasizes the importance of offering childcare options within family settings rather than relying solely on institutional care, which can have profound effects on the psychosocial development of children. Traditional orphanages, serving as residential centers, grapple with issues like overcrowding, discrimination, and instances of abuse, often leaving thousands of children disconnected from their families. This underscores the necessity to revamp childcare systems and explore new models entirely. The article advocates for a family-centric approach, which includes adoption, community-based upbringing, and initiatives to strengthen existing families. This alternative promises a more supportive environment for orphaned children to thrive mentally and socially. From an economic standpoint, family-oriented childcare is not only more humane but also economically prudent, offering lower costs compared to institutionalized care. Hence, there's a pressing need to redirect ocus towards these alternatives. Keywords: Orphans, Foster family, psychosocial welfare, Institution care, and Abandoned and child welfare.

Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and child brain responses to affective touch at two years of age

BackgroundTouch is an essential form of mother-child interaction, instigating better social bonding and emotional stability. MethodsWe used diffuse optical tomography to explore the relationship between total haemoglobin (HbT) responses to affective touch in the child's brain at two years of age and maternal self-reported prenatal depressive symptoms (EPDS). Affective touch was implemented via slow brushing of the child's right forearm at 3 cm/s and non-affective touch via fast brushing at 30 cm/s and HbT responses were recorded on the left hemisphere. ResultsWe discovered a cluster in the postcentral gyrus exhibiting a negative correlation (Pearson's r = −0.84, p = 0.015 corrected for multiple comparisons) between child HbT response to affective touch and EPDS at gestational week 34. Based on region of interest (ROI) analysis, we found negative correlations between child responses to affective touch and maternal prenatal EPDS at gestational week 14 in the precentral gyrus, Rolandic operculum and secondary somatosensory cortex. The responses to non-affective touch did not correlate with EPDS in these regions. LimitationsThe number of mother-child dyads was 16. However, by utilising high-density optode arrangements, individualised anatomical models, and video and accelerometry to monitor movement, we were able to minimize methodological sources of variability in the data. ConclusionsThe results show that maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy may be associated with reduced child responses to affective touch in the temporoparietal cortex. Responses to affective touch may be considered as potential biomarkers for psychosocial development in children. Early identification of and intervention in maternal depression may be important already during early pregnancy.

Health-related quality of life for pediatric patients with end-stage kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) studies demonstrate the impact of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on the physical and psychosocial development of children. While several instruments are used to measure HRQoL, few have standardized domains specific to pediatric ESRD. This review examines current evidence on self and proxy-reported HRQoL among pediatric patients with ESRD, based on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaires. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on HRQoL using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale (GCS) and the PedsQL 3.0 ESRD Module among 5- to 18-year-old patients. We queried PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. Retrospective, case-controlled, and cross-sectional studies using PedsQL were included. Of 435 identified studies, 14 met inclusion criteria administered in several countries. Meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly higher total HRQoL for healthy patients over those with ESRD (SMD:1.44 [95% CI: 0.78-2.09]) across all dimensional scores. In addition, kidney transplant patients reported a significantly higher HRQoL than those on dialysis (PedsQL GCS, SMD: 0.33 [95% CI: 0.14-0.53]) and (PedsQL ESRD, SMD: 0.65 [95% CI: 0.39-0.90]) concordant with parent-proxy reports. Patients with ESRD reported lower HRQoL in physical and psychosocial domains compared with healthy controls, while transplant and peritoneal dialysis patients reported better HRQoL than those on hemodialysis. This analysis demonstrates the need to identify dimensions of impaired functioning and produce congruent clinical interventions. Further research on the impact of individual comorbidities in HRQoL is necessary for developing comprehensive, integrated, and holistic treatment programs.

Health-related quality of life and associated developmental domains of children provided early with cochlear implants

Objectives Quality of life plays an important place in the psychosocial development of children with Cochlear Implants (CI). We assesd health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with CI and in hearing children and determined relationships between HRQoL and other developmental characteristics (social-emotional development, Theory of Mind (ToM), spoken language skills). Methods A longitudinal study was conducted including children with CI and hearing children. We used instruments that are widely employed and have been validated for research. At time 1 social-emotional development, ToM and spoken language skills were assessed.HRQoL was assessed using the generic KINDL questionnaire, as was social-emotional development, 2.5 years later (time 2). Results No significant difference was seen in HRQoL between hearing children and children with CI. We show that the age of detection, the age of hearing care, and the start of early intervention are not related to HRQoL of children with CI, but relationships with some domains of social-emotional development are evident. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of targeted intervention not only to improve spoken language skills at preschool age, but also strengthen social-emotional and social-cognitive competences.

Psychosocial Development of Children in Conflict with the Law Under Detention in the Bicol Region, Philippines

A child's personality may be impacted by various factors such as the marital status of parents, interpersonal problems within the marriage, a broken household, and solo parenting. Therefore, children with mental illness can experience severe issues leading to illegal troubles. Hence, this study examines the psycho-social factors contributing to children in conflict with the law in the Bicol Region, Philippines. For this purpose, data from 67 respondents was collected on a volunteer basis through interviews from different care institutions that handle children in conflict with the law for welfare and development. Results of the study revealed that lack of quality time with parents, marital status, parents' poor working status, and lack of participation in cultural activities and community services were significant in influencing a child's behaviour to violence. The study also provides possible proactive measures to help parents and authorities rebuild the lives of children in conflict with the law and become valuable members of society.

Causes of hearing loss and implantation age in a cohort of Danish pediatric cochlear implant recipients.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common birth disorder. The cause of SNHL is heterogeneous and varies in different populations. Understanding the causes of a hearing loss (HL) predict the outcome of cochlear implantation and is of great importance in understanding the mechanism of the disease and in providing the best treatment. Undiagnosed and untreated HL has a profound effect on the acquisition of early communication skills, speech, language, academic, emotional, and psychosocial development in children. To determine the cause of HL and implantation age in pediatric cochlear implant (CI) users in a Danish population. Data of 100 children (54 females and 46 males), age 0-17 years, was analyzed. All of the children were implanted during 2020-2022. Hereditary HL was diagnosed in 44 cases (44%), with pathogenic variants in the SLC26A4 gene found in 14 cases (14%). Syndromic HL was diagnosed in 23 children (23%). Non-syndromic HL was diagnosed in 21 children (21%), where the most common genetic variation was found in the GJB2 gene. Acquired prenatal and postnatal sensory disorders TORCH risk factors were associated with HL in 25 cases (25%). Congenital CMV DNA was diagnosed in 23 samples (23%). The cause of the HL remained unknown for 31 (31%) children. In 70 (70%) of the participants the HL was diagnosed at time of newborn hearing screening (NHS). Twenty-three of the children were diagnosed with congenital severe to profound bilateral HL and were simultaneously implanted between 8 and 14 months (mean age 10.5 months). In the remaining 47 cases, the HL was progressive and the children were implanted when the HL reached the criteria for implantation. In the current study, the major causes of HL were alterations in the SLC26A4 gene: 13% with Pendred syndrome and 1% non-syndromic. Thirty-one (31%) had HL of unknown origin and almost half of these cases had inner ear malformations (n=16).

Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orangtua terhadap Perkembangan Psikososial Anak Menurut Kepribadian Erik H. Erikson

The development of a child can never be separated from the social environment. The child's social environment in question is the family and social group. Many cases of concern are related to family conditions or social group conditions that cause an identity crisis (identity crisis) in children. For example, the case of a child who is neglectful, unenthusiastic and doesn't even respect other people in the environment around him because of the influence of gadgets and negligent parenting. This research will focus on discussing the Analysis of the Effect of Parenting on Children's Psychosocial Development (Case Study on Students (15 years) at SMP 02 Batang Kuis Satu Atap, Kapubaten Deli Serdang). apply proper parenting and be able to understand their children according to their development and parents can apply parenting styles that are appropriate to the stages of child development. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that children who are raised with neglectful parenting tend to have difficulty self-regulating in socializing. This is as a result of parenting patterns that do not support children to have independence. Based on these factors, we can see that Psychosocial Personality in Children is the result of a lifelong learning process obtained from the family and environment which is interpreted differently in individuals. During the process of development, individuals learn from the family environment from birth. In this case, parents have a great influence to create an environment for children, both in personal care and with the help of others.

Maternal role and psychosocial development of children aged 36-59 months

<p><strong><em>Background : </em></strong><em>Each child will probably achieve each early developmental aspects at different times. The achievement of child development is determined by various inputs, including child input, maternal input, family input, and environmental input. However, failure to fulfill these inputs has an impact on development delay, especially psychosocial development aspect. Parents, especially mothers, have a significant role in providing these inputs <strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><em>To identify the relationship between maternal input including sociodemographic characteristics and the maternal role and the psychosocial development of children aged 36-59 months.<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>This study was a cross-sectional conducted in February 2020 in Puskesmas Sedayu 2, Yogyakarta. The eligible participant was mothers of children aged 36-59 months. The questionnaires included sociodemographic data, parent role questionnaires, and psychosocial development questionnaires. The correlation between variables was analyzed using a Spearman rank test.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>This study included 89 mothers with children aged 36-59 months. About 91% of children were in normal psychosocial development. Correlation on sociodemographic characteristics showed that the mother's occupation was significantly related to the psychosocial development of children aged 36-59 months (p=0.005). Maternal role also show significant correlation with children psychosocial development (p=0.007). In addition, there were 2 domains of the maternal role that showed significant relationship with child psychosocial development, namely the role as a caregiver (p= 0.002) and counselor (p=0003).<strong></strong></em></p><strong><em>Conclusions : </em></strong><em>The achievement of psychosocial development of children aged 36-59 months is related to the mother's occupation and the mother's role. Fulfilling each dimension of the parent's role will optimize all aspects of child development, including psychosocial aspects in preschool children to become children who have a positive self-concept, be creative, dare to show initiative.</em>

The Relationship Between Parental Verbal Abuse Behavior and Psychosocial Development of School-Age Children

Background: One of the problem phenomena that still occurs in school-age children is verbal abuse, violence that harms children physically and verbally. Children who get verbal abuse will generally imitate the same things they receive from their parents. This research aimed to analyze the correlation between parental verbal abuse behavior and psychosocial development in school-age children. Method: This research used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The research population was 40 school-age children (11-12 years) at MI Miftahul Huda Jatisari, with a sample of 36 respondents obtained from a purposive sampling technique. Data collection of independent variable Korean Verbal Abuse Questionnaire (K-VAQ) modification and dependent variables of children's psychosocial development used questionnaires. Results: almost (69.4%) received severe verbal abuse, and most (63.9%) had poor psychosocial development. The statistical test results used Spearman Rho obtained a p-value of 0.013 (p-value < α), then H1 was accepted with R = 0.408, which means the strength of the relations. The correlation coefficient was positive, including a direct correlation, meaning that the more severe verbal abuse parents increasingly lacked psychosocial development of children. Conclusion: Psychosocial development of children is influenced by factors from parents' behavior in educating children. Parents' mistakes in responding to mistakes by scolding/blaming children can cause children to feel ashamed and worthless. It is hoped that parents should not verbally abuse children because it will lead children to behavior that inhibits or harms the child themselves.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ROLE OF PARENTS WITH THE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN MUSLIMAT NU KINDERGARTEN THORIQOTUL HIDAYAH CENTINI LAREN LAMONGAN

Intoduction: Development experiences a rapid increase in the first five years of life, namely childhood which is referred to as the golden age or Golden Age. One of them is psychosocial development. In this phase, the child will go through a stage between initiative and guilt. Children try to get a feeling of initiative without having to feel guilty when they are going to do something. In psychosocial development, children have great responsibility in their daily activities and show a more mature level of being able to interact with others. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the relation ship of the role of parents with the pre school children’s psychosocial development. Methods: This research was quantitative with desaign study cross sectional with sample of 30 parents and 30 students, the sampling used was total sampling. Data collection using a questionnaire a psychosocial development stimulation questionnaire and child development at the initiative versus guilt stage. The analysis used was Spearman's with significance level α <0.05. Results: The results showed that some or 15 (50%) of parents had an adequate role in the preschool children’s psychosocial development, most or 17 (56.7%) children had sufficient psychosocial development. Spearman test results with significance level α <0.05 obtained α = 0.003, where α <0.05 means a significant relationship between the role of parents with the preschool children’s psychosocial development in TK Muslimat NU Thoriqotul Hidayah Cetini Laren Lamongan. Conclusions: The role of parents is one important factor in the formation of children's psychosocial development. The role of parents is to provide stimulation that is to involve the child in simple daily activities at home. Further research is needed by using more objective measurement tools.

Child Abuse, Misdiagnosed by an Expertise Center: Part I-Medico-Social Aspects.

Child abuse is a dangerous situation for an infant. Professionals need to weigh the risk of failing to act when children are seriously harmed against the serious harm done by carrying out safeguarding interventions. In severe cases, foster care might be advisable. The negative effects for the child's psychosocial development requires that such placement must be based on very solid evidence. Our aim is to identify why Dutch parents whose child may have a medical condition that could mimic symptoms of child abuse have a significant chance of being erroneously convicted and losing custody of their child. As a method, we describe and analyze the following case. An Armenian-Dutch newborn (uncomplicated term vaginal delivery), starting at two weeks after birth, developed small bruises on varying body locations. At two months, a Well-Baby Clinic physician referred the girl to a university hospital, mentioning that there were no reasons to suspect child abuse and that her Armenian grandmother easily bruised as well. However, before consultation by a pediatrician of the hospital-located Expertise Center for Child Abuse, the parents were suspected of child abuse. Based on the expertise center's protocols, skeletal X-rays were made, which showed three healed, asymptomatic rib fractures, while invalid statistics suggested, incorrectly, a 10-100 times more likely non-accidental than accidental cause of the symptoms (discussed in Part II of this series). The expertise enter physician ignored any argument that could show parental innocence, including the positive parent-child relationship reported by the Well-Baby Clinic and the general practitioner. The girl and her older brother were placed in a family foster home and then in a secret home. The case radically resolved when a large bruise also developed there, and an independent tissue disease specialist diagnosed a hereditary connective tissue disorder in the mother, implying that the girl's bruises and rib fractures could well be disease-related. In conclusion, if child abuse is suspected, and foster care placement considered, the patient and the parents should be thoroughly investigated by an independent experienced pediatrician together with an experienced pediatric clinical psychologist or psychotherapist to produce an independent opinion. Children deserve this extra safeguard before being separated from their parents.

What Waiting Looks Like Inside Bahay Pag-Asa: Effects of Delayed Court Proceedings on the Psychosocial Development of Children in Conflict with the Law Confined in Bahay Pag-Asa in National Capital Region

What Waiting Looks Like Inside Bahay Pag-Asa: Effects of Delayed Court Proceedings on the Psychosocial Development of Children in Conflict with the Law Confined in Bahay Pag-Asa in National Capital Region

Screening for Hearing Impairment in High-Risk Neonates in a Rural Tertiary Care Center

Introduction: Among the many congenital problems, loss of hearing is one of the most common treatable diseases. Hearing loss in early life can have deleterious effects on the child's psychosocial, scholastic, and social-emotional development. Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of neonatal hearing loss in high-risk neonates admitted in a rural tertiary care center. To determine the risk factors predictive of hearing impairment in these neonates. Materials and Methods: About 200 high-risk neonates were included in the study. The first screening by otoacoustic emission (OAE) was conducted before the neonate's discharge from the hospital. If it failed, OAE was repeated after 4 weeks or at the first immunization visit. If it again failed, then Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) was conducted within no more than 3 months. Statistical Analysis Used: It was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (IBM SPSS Version 28.0. Armonk, NY). The Chi-square test was used to calculate the P value. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the initial screening, 49 out of 200 high-risk neonates had referred OAE. Out of 49, 20 failed in repeat OAE. Out of these 20 neonates, hearing loss was confirmed in 15 neonates (7.5%) by BERA. The risk factors most commonly associated with hearing loss in the present study were neonatal intensive care unit admission >24 h (7%), hyperbilirubinemia (3%), meningitis (3%), and ototoxic drugs (3%). In the neonates who had hearing loss (15), 93.33% were having more than one risk factor. Conclusions: Our study concludes that there is significant hearing impairment in high-risk neonates. Screening for hearing loss and early identification is needed to modulate the period of neural plasticity, preventing them to banish into a world of social isolation, and educational malaise. The health-care facilities in rural regions have limited settings. Hence, at least a targeted screening is recommended for early detection of hearing loss and rehabilitation.

The psychosocial growth of preschool-age children from broken home families

This study is driven by a broken home family, which results in children not receiving unconditional love from their parents, particularly a father role. The research aims to determine the subject's psychological development in a broken home family, as well as the impact created by the research subject. Researchers employed a qualitative research approach with a case study research design. Interviews and observations made during the investigation were used to collect data. Whereas the data sources used were from the field during the research with supporting informants, as well as earlier research results, journals, and books that helped and were consistent with the studies presented. The difference between this study and previous research is that previous research discussed whether or not there is a significant relationship between family relationships and psychoanalytic stimulus. In contrast, this study discusses the psychosocial impacts and determines psychosocial development in children from broken-home families. According to the study's findings, children from broken homes have beneficial consequences, such as having an independent attitude, and negative impacts, such as a loss of affection from parents, difficulties socializing, and a lack of confidence. According to the findings of the research, broken home families have a significant impact on the psychosocial development of early infancy.

Impact of mask-wearing on child and adolescent psychosocial development: a systematic review

Abstract Background Wearing face masks in public is recommended under certain circumstances in order to prevent infectious diseases transmitted through droplets. The objective was to compile all German and English research results from peer-reviewed journal articles using a sensitive literature search on the effects of mask-wearing for preventing infectious diseases on the psychosocial development of children and adolescents. Methods A systematic review was conducted considering different study designs (search period up until 12 July 2021). The risk of bias in the studies was determined using a risk of bias procedure. A descriptive-narrative synthesis of the results was performed. A search update will be conducted shortly before the conference. Results Thirteen studies were included, and the overall risk of bias was estimated to be high in all primary studies. There are some indications from the included surveys that children, adolescents, and their teachers in (pre)schools perceived facial expression processing as impaired due to mask-wearing, which were confirmed by several experimental studies. Two studies reported psychological symptoms like anxiety and stress as well as concentration and learning problems due to wearing a mask during the COVID-19 pandemic. One survey study during the 2002/2003 SARS pandemic examined oral examination performance in English as a foreign language and showed no difference between the “mask” and “no mask” conditions. The results are preliminary and may be extended due to the search update. Conclusions Only little evidence can be derived on the effects of face masks on different developmental areas of children and adolescents based on the small number of studies. There is a lack of research data regarding the following outcomes: psychological development, language development, emotional development, social behaviour, school success, and participation. Further cluster-randomized controlled trials or longitudinal studies are required. Key messages • Empirical and experimental evidence shows that mask-wearing impairs facial expression among children, adolescents, and teachers in (pre)schools. • Research on the following developmental areas is missing: psychological development, language development, emotional development, social behaviour, school success, and participation.

Longitudinal Invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Ages 4 to 16 in the ALSPAC Sample.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been widely used to study children's psychosocial development longitudinally; however, such analyses assume longitudinal measurement invariance, that is, they presuppose that symptom manifestations are measured comparably across different ages. Violations of this assumption could bias longitudinal analyses and should therefore be empirically tested. This study tested longitudinal measurement invariance within a confirmatory factor analysis framework in the U.K.-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 13,988). Results indicated that SDQ scores showed configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance across ages 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, and 16, supporting its use for comparing variances, covariances, and means over time within a latent variable model as well as using observed scores. At age 4, configural invariance was not supported, indicating that mental health symptoms as measured by the SDQ manifest differently at this age, thus necessitating caution when comparing symptoms as measured by SDQ scores at this age to later ages.