Psychosocial Adaptation Process Research Articles

The influence of life-creating resources on the process of psychosocial adaptation in adulthood

The influence of life-creating resources on the process of psychosocial adaptation in adulthood

Value Change and Cognitive Dissonance: A Conceptual Model for Psychosocial Adaptation to Disability and Chronic Illness

Background:Value change is critical for individuals’ psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability. Although current value change theories facilitate our understanding of this process, limited interventions have been developed based on these theoretical frameworks.Objective:The purpose of the study is to examine the issues with current value change theories and propose a value change application model.Methods:A literature review approach was conducted in order to develop a value change application model by merging perspectives from rehabilitation psychology, cognitive dissonance theory, and schema theory.Findings:The Disability Inconsistency Model is proposed in the present study.Conclusion:The Disability Inconsistency Model views value from a dynamic perspective and identifies the catalyst to facilitate the psychosocial adaptation process. It also provides implications for the development of relevant interventions.

The contribution of vocational preparation in the context of the psychosocial adaptation process to university studies

The contribution of vocational preparation in the context of the psychosocial adaptation process to university studies

The Relationship Between Acceptance, Biopsychosocial Factors, and Quality of Life: A Structural Equation Model

Disability acceptance is one of the most significant constructs in the psychosocial adaptation process. Although prior research has examined the relationship among different biopsychosocial factors, disability acceptance, and quality of life (QoL), limited study focused on entering a series of biopsychosocial factors simultaneously into analysis to reflect live experience of individuals with disabilities. This study aimed to examine the role of acceptance regarding the relationship between a series of biopsychosocial factors (i.e., general health, physical functioning, pain, anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, stigma, sense of community, and neighborhood problems) and QoL based on Livneh’s psychosocial adaptation model to inform psychosocial interventions. A total of 430 participants with disabilities completed an online survey consisting of instruments measuring target variables. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a three-factor structure for selected biopsychosocial factors (i.e., psychological difficulties, physical status, and community issues). Structural equation modeling results showed that the proposed model indicated a fair model fit after respecification. Effect analyses showed that disability acceptance directly affected QoL and partially mediated the relationship between physical status and QoL and psychological difficulties and QoL. In addition, loneliness has been found to significantly and directly predict QoL in the respecified model. The model demonstrated that disability acceptance and loneliness have a significant impact on QoL.

A qualitative study of coping strategies in persons with spinal cord injury during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The objective of this study was to identify strategies that persons with spinal cord injury (PwSCI) used to cope with COVID-19 pandemic-related challenges. This qualitative phenomenological study utilized focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect participants' responses. Two virtual FGDs using Zoom were conducted in June and July, 2021. Each FGD consisted of seven participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in communities in Nepal. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze and interpret the data. Four major themes related to coping strategies PwSCI used during the pandemic were identified: (a) use of social support, (b) serving others, (c) engagement in self-care activities, and (d) positive thinking and creativity. Findings suggest that many participants used healthy coping strategies to cope with COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and challenges. Identification and reinforcement of healthy coping strategies in PwSCI are essential for health professionals to help these individuals navigate the psychosocial adaptation process during the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Prevention, evaluation and psychological intervention in general education: the affective, psycho-behavioral and cognitive domains

One of the strategic directions for ensuring the quality of education is the prevention of difficulties in child development; optimizing the process of psychosocial adaptation to the new societal conditions; facilitating effective communication in order to train social skills; ensuring effective partnerships in order to build positive relationships; selection of methodologies and tools for assessment and psychological intervention according to the child’s age and developmental characteristics, etc. In this context, the role of the psychological service in general education is undeniable. The respective article reflects the scientific results regarding prevention, assessment and psychological intervention in primary and secondary education with reference to the affective, psychobehavioral and cognitive domains.

Qualitative Meta-synthesis of Psychosocial Adaptation Process of North Korean Defectors in College Life

목적 본 연구는 대학 내 증가하고 있는 북한이탈대학생을 대상으로 이들의 대학생활에서 나타나는 심리사회적 측면의 변화과정을 알아보고 적응경험의 본질이 무엇인지를 밝히고자 한다. 방법 북한이탈주민들을 대상으로 한 질적연구가 중심을 이루면서 2011년부터 7월부터 2021년 6월까지 북한이탈대학생의 대학생활적응과 관련하여 ‘북한이탈주민’, ‘남한적응’, ‘북한이탈대학생’을 AND로 연결하는 검색식을 구성해 반복적 논문검색을 실시하였다. 검색을 통해 채택된 논문을 중심으로 Critical Appraisal Skills Programme(CASP) 방식의 질평가를 실시하고, 이 후 전문가와의 교차평가를 실시해 최종 7편의 논문을 확정하였다. 마지막으로 확정된 7편의 논문을 Thomas와 Harden의 질적메타합성 방법에 기반하여 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 질적메타합성 분석결과, 북한이탈 대학생의 대학생활 심리사회적응 과정에 대한 경험의 본질은 실망과 좌절 속에서도 변치않는 미래를 향한 적응과 극복의 시간인 것으로 드러났다. 북한이탈대학생들의 적응과정을 크게 시간의 흐름에 따라 대학준비과정, 대학생활적응과정, 그리고 대학생활 적응 후로 나누고 각 시간대별 공통속성에 따른 도출결과를 분석하였다. 도출된 합성범주는 총 3개로 1) 탈북민으로서의 한계상황인식, 2) 좌절과 불안을 느끼는 대학생활, 3) 자기초월을 통한 삶의 의미부여로 드러났다. 결론 본 연구결과를 기반으로 북한이탈 대학생들의 학교생활 적응을 돕기 위해 심리지원과 학습지원 1:1 맞춤형 멘토링 서비스 등의 필요성을 시사하고 있으며 향후 정체성과 관계성에 대한 보다 깊이있는 연구를 제언하고자 한다.

Can the Concepts of Energy and Psychological Energy Enrich Our Understanding of Psychosocial Adaptation to Traumatic Experiences, Chronic Illnesses and Disabilities?

The aim of this paper is to familiarize the reader with the concept of psychological energy (PE), and the role it plays in deepening our understanding of psychosocial adaptation to traumatic life events and, more pointedly, the onset of chronic illness and disability (CID). In order to implement this aim, the following steps were undertaken: First, a brief historical review of the nature of energy, force and action, as traditionally conceived in the field of physics, is provided. Second, an overview of PE is presented, with a shared emphasis on both its historical underpinnings and its present conceptualizations in the fields of social, health and rehabilitation psychology. Particular emphasis is placed upon applications of PE in the domains of adaptation to stress, trauma and CID onset. Third, reviewed are measuring instruments that have been traditionally applied to the assessment of the nature, content and magnitude of PE and its dynamics. Finally, new perspectives are offered on the dimensional structure, processes and dynamics, assumed to undergird PE, its underlying conceptual similarities to physical energy, and its potential and deeper link to the process of psychosocial adaptation in the aftermath of experiencing trauma and CID.

Testing Kumpfer’s Resilience Model Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness

Having a serious mental illness (SMI) is often associated with significant adversities, and people respond differently to adversities. The existing research supports the idea that people with SMI can achieve and maintain positive life outcomes despite experiencing adversities. Resilience, the ability to cope with (or bounce back quickly from) crisis, can help buffer the negative effects of various types of adversities, including chronic illness and disability, and facilitate the psychosocial adaptation process to SMI. Kumpfer’s resilience model, a person–process–context framework, has been widely used to conceptualize, and assess for, resilience in various populations, including people with chronic illnesses and disabilities. However, the research in resilience among people with SMI is very limited. The purpose of this study was to empirically assess the utility of Kumpfer’s resilience model and its proposed predictive components for conceptualizing the adaptation process to SMI. One hundred forty-four participants completed a Qualtrics survey containing demographic questions and a series of validated instruments representing the major components of Kumpfer’s resilience model. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data, and the final model explained 71% of the variance of the dependent variable—adaptation to disability. Avoidance coping, internalized stigma, and optimism were significant independent predictors of adaptation to disability. This study supports the utilization of Kumpfer’s resilience model to conceptualize the adaptation to disability process among people with SMI. Implications for rehabilitation counseling practices are discussed.

Exploring psychosocial adaptation among people with chronic skin disease: A grounded theory study.

AimChronic skin disease (CSD) often has devastating effects on the physiological, psychological and social aspects of patients, who must adapt to them. However, it is not clear how patients adapt, especially with regard to their psychosocial adaptation (PSA). This research explored a theoretical model of PSA among people with CSD.DesignFollowing constructivist grounded theory methodology, a qualitative study was undertaken between August 2018 and June 2019.MethodsObservation and semi‐structured interview were conducted with included participants (n=19). Data were iteratively coded and analyzed by constant comparison following the key stages of initial, focused, axial and theoretical coding until saturation was achieved.ResultsWhen individuals face the impacts of disease, they try to adjust to adapt it. The findings showed the core category (self‐cognitive) and the contributing categories (impacts of chronic skin disease, contextual factors, physiological experiences, psychological experiences, social experiences, and positive and negative psychosocial adaptations) of the PSA among people with CSD. The process of PSA among people with CSD was not linear throughout the disease and was instead entwined within a set of complexes (contextual factors‐experience) interactions. The consequences of PSA included positive and negative aspects. The theoretical model of PSA among people with CSD will provide us with information needed to develop accurate assessment and effective intervention strategies. Understanding that PSA among people with CSD is a complex, dynamic, and interactional process may provide evidence for further assessing and meeting the needs of people.

Qualitative Analysis of the Psychosocial Adaptation Process in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: Toward Effective Support During Transition from Childhood to Adulthood

Pediatric chronic renal disease only shows abnormal values in a urinalysis in the initial stage, and subjective signs and symptoms are rare. If adolescents with chronic renal disease face a disease crisis combined with the usual developmental crisis, this may cause psychosocial maladaptation. We analyzed psychosocial adaptation in Japanese children with chronic renal disease in order to identify factors influencing healthy adaptation. Ten children and adult patients with chronic kidney disease attending Tottori University Hospital, Japan in 2016 participated in a semi-structured interview (a modified version of the grounded theory approach) comprising questions about episodes since disease onset and thoughts/feelings at onset. Twenty-four concepts extracted from the data were sorted into 5 categories. These concepts and categories were expanded on an orthogonal axis with time and self-esteem in order to establish an adaptation model for children with chronic kidney disease. Category names are as follows. (Cat. 1: Emotional impact on being informed of disease, Cat. 2: Social challenges of treatment and resulting identity diffusion, Cat. 3: Emotional conflict on school return, Cat. 4: Resilience and related factors, Cat. 5: Re-establishment of identity). Since pediatric chronic renal disease has few manifestations, it is difficult for patients to accept. Children facing a chronic disease crisis plus adolescent developmental crisis may show identity diffusion. In order for children to re-establish their identity and adapt to society, factors supporting resilience are important. Key factors include school life, interactions with friends, counseling by adult mentors and family acceptance. Healthcare professionals need to provide age-appropriate information on renal disease and support patients.

Psychosocial reactions to upper extremity limb salvage: A case series

Study DesignCase series. IntroductionA salvaged limb is one that has undergone a major traumatic injury, followed by repeated surgical attempts in order to avoid amputation. Psychological recovery for individuals with lower extremity limb salvage has been examined in a number of studies. However, psychosocial reactions for individuals with upper extremity (UE) limb salvage are understudied in the literature. Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study was to explore the process of psychosocial adaptation for 3 trauma cases after UE limb salvage. MethodsThe Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory was used to assess psychosocial adaptation. Physical function outcomes (pain, range of motion, edema, sensation, and dexterity) are presented. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand measure was used to assess perceived disability. Medical and rehabilitation history are discussed for each case, in order to provide in-depth understanding of the impact of these injuries. ResultsReactions to injury varied across the cases; however, outcomes suggest that psychosocial adaptation may be influenced by the experience of pain, the ability to participate in valued roles and activities, and having a supportive social network. DiscussionFor this population, therapists may consider emphasizing pain management, focusing on client-centered goals and interventions, and facilitating peer support. Providers should closely monitor patients for signs of poor adaptation, such as hand-hiding behaviors. ConclusionsThis study is among the first to examine psychological outcomes for the UE limb salvage population. Future research would be beneficial to provide deeper understanding of the psychosocial challenges for these individuals.

The Patterns of Adaptation While Growing Up Under Parental Alcoholism: A Grounded Theory

Parental alcohol dependency negatively influences children, and a number of studies have examined the numerous childhood adversities and negative developmental outcomes among children of alcoholics. However, few studies have explored how children of alcoholics adapt to their own lives while growing up in an alcoholic family. For this reason, we examined the psychosocial adaptation process that Korean adult children of alcoholics (KCOAs) had experienced since they were young, which we in turn used to generate a theory of the adaptation process of KCOAs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the psychosocial adaptation process of Korean children who grew up with a father with alcohol dependency. A total of 20 volunteer participants were recruited, and either face-to-face or telephone-based semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the participants’ preferences. The interview data were analyzed by using grounded theory methodology. As a result, ‘‘separating my own identity from my father’’ appeared as a core category of KCOAs’ adaptation process. In order to separate themselves from their fathers, they tended to pass through six stages: being trapped, awakening, struggling, blocking, understanding, and separating.

Facilitators and Challenges in Psychosocial Adaptation to Being at Increased Familial Risk of Breast Cancer.

Little is known about the process of psychosocial adaptation to familial risk in tested and untested individuals at increased familial risk of cancer. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study of 36 women participating in the Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast cancer (kConFab) Psychosocial study. Facilitators and challenges in psychosocial adaptation were identified through semi-structured interviews. The women, who were either tested (carriers or non-carriers of breast cancer susceptibility mutations) or untested (ineligible for testing or eligible but delayed or declined testing), described personal, support network and healthcare characteristics that impacted on the adaptation process. Challenges in one domain could be overcome by facilitators in other domains and key differences relating to whether women had undergone testing, or not, were identified. Tested and untested women with an increased familial risk of breast cancer may benefit from support tailored to their mutation testing status in order to enhance adaptation.

A Qualitative Approach of Psychosocial Adaptation Process in Patients Undergoing Long-term Hemodialysis

Professional hemodialysis (HD) nursing tends to be task-oriented and lack consideration of the client's viewpoint. This study aims to interpret the process of psychosocial adaptation to dealing with HD in people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A grounded theory guided this study. Theoretical sampling included 15 people receiving HD at the HD center of a hospital from July to November 2010. Participants received an information sheet in writing, a verbal invitation, and informed consent forms before interviews were conducted. A constant comparative data analysis was analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. The computer software ATLAS.ti assisted data management. Credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability ensured the rigor of study process. This study identified "adopting life with hemodialysis", which captures the process of the psychosocial adaptation in people with ESRD as one transformation. Four categories that evolved from "adopting HD life" are (a) slipping into, (b) restricted to a renal world, (c) losing self control, and (d) stuck in an endless process. The findings of this investigation indicate the multidimensional requirements of people receiving maintenance dialysis, with an emphasis on the deficiency in psychosocial and emotional care. The study's findings contribute to clinical practice by increasing the understanding of the experience of chronic HD treatment from the recipient's viewpoint. The better our understanding, the better the care provided will meet the needs of the people receiving HD.

The Psychosocial Adaptation Process of Psychiatric Nurses Working in Community Mental Health Centers

The aim of this study was to verify psychosocial issues faced by psychiatric and community mental health nurse practitioners (PCMHNP) working in community mental health centers, and to identify the adaptation processes used to resolve the issues. Data were collected through in-depth interviews between December 2013 and August 2014. Participants were 11 PCMHNP working in community mental health centers. Analysis was done using the grounded theory methodology. The first question was "How did you start working at a community mental health center; what were the difficulties you faced during your employment and how did you resolve them?" The core category was 'regulating within relationships.' The adaptation process was categorized into three sequential stages: 'nesting,' 'hanging around the nest,' and 'settling into the nest.' Various action/interaction strategies were employed in these stages. The adaptation results from using these strategies were 'psychiatric nursing within life' and 'a long way to go.' The results of this study are significant as they aid in understanding the psychosocial adaptation processes of PCMHNP working in community mental health centers, and indicate areas to be addressed in the future in order for PCMHNP to fulfill their professional role in the local community.

Adaptação psicossocial de pessoas portadoras de insuficiência cardíaca: diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem

Estudo cujo objetivo é analisar os diagnósticos de enfermagem (DE) representativos do processo de adaptação psicossocial de um grupo de pessoas portadoras de insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e intervenções de enfermagem, com base na teoria de adaptação de Callista Roy.Trata-se de investigação descritiva e transversal, realizada com 28 pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de um hospital público, em Fortaleza-CE. As informações foram coletas por entrevista no período de maio a agosto de 2007.Todos os aspectos éticos e legais foram considerados. A análise dos resultados apontou a identificação dos DE: desempenho de papel ineficaz, comportamento de saúde propenso a risco, disfunção sexual, sentimento de impotência e controle ineficaz do regime terapêutico. A associação destes DE com os problemas adaptativos de Roy levou à identificação de: falha no papel, disfunção sexual e sentimento de impotência. Tais problemas relacionavam-se com a IC e as modificações que ela ocasiona na vida destas pessoas, ao provocar ansiedade e depressão, interferindo na qualidade de vida. Diante dos achados, espera-se suscitar reflexões dos enfermeiros para, ao desempenhar o cuidado clínico aos portadores de IC, considerarem seus problemas de adaptação, estimulando-os para o alcance à condição crônica de saúde.

Work Participation After Acquired Brain Injury: Experiences of Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to provide new insight into the factors that affect work participation by those with cognitive deficits following an acquired brain injury. Method: The study had a qualitative exploratory design, with three focus-group interviews used to collect data. The first group comprised workers with experience of cognitive deficits after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), anoxic brain damage and stroke, the second group professionals from specialist levels of social security service and the third professionals from specialised health care services. Transcribed interviews were analysed using a conventional approach to content analysis. Major findings: A broad range of factors affected work participation. Personal factors, the psychosocial adaptation process, injury-related consequences as well as factors in the working environment were found to inhibit work participation. Acceptance of a different level of functioning and a new role in working life was an important but time-consuming process. Significant working-environment barriers were workplace demands, the attitudes of employers and colleagues, complicated information, excessive bureaucracy, too little practice before going back to work and physical barriers. Optimism and being determined were found to be particularly important facilitating personal factors. Important resources provided by the working environment were social support, time-related flexibility, relevant tasks and accommodations.

Adapting to major chronic illness: A proposal for a comprehensive task-model approach

Objective To develop a comprehensive task-based model that describes the psychosocial adaptation process to major chronic illness. Method In order to achieve this objective, we reviewed the four task-based models: those of Moos and Tsu [Moos RH, Tsu DV. Coping with physical illness. New York: Plenum Medical Company; 1977], Cohen and Lazarus [Cohen F, Lazarus RS. Coping with the stress of illness. In: Stone CG, Cohen F, Adler NE, editors. Health psychology: a handbook. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1979. p. 217–54], Corr [Corr C. A task-based approach to coping with dying. Omega 1992;24:81–94] and Samson [Samson A. L’apport de la carrière au modèle théorique des tâches d’adaptation à la maladie chronique: une application au cas des personnes qui vivent avec le VIH. Can J Couns 2006;40:4–16]. Results We propose a comprehensive task-based model that gives a comprehensive description of the process of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness. Conclusion With the gradual rise in life expectancy and quality of living for individuals diagnosed with major chronic illnesses, it is becoming increasingly relevant to understand how these individuals adapt to their conditions over the long term. The comprehensive model allows medical professionals to look at the challenges of this process from both objective and subjective points of view. Practice implications To enhance current practice by helping professionals to conceptualize their patients’ process of adaptation to chronic illness in a holistic manner.

Psychological Adaptation to Disability

The process of psychological adaptation to chronic illness and disability (CID) has been extensively studied by rehabilitation professionals for more than 50 years, yet it is still fraught with misunderstanding and often contradictory views. In this paper, the authors seek to expand on earlier suggestions by Parker, Schaller, and Hansmann (2003) and on recent applications in the field of psychology to demonstrate the potential usefulness of chaos and complexity theory (CCT) to understanding the psychosocial adaptation process to CID. In accordance, we (a) provide an overview of the most popular models of psychosocial adaptation to CID, (b) review the main elements of CCT, (c) discuss the current beliefs on the linkage between CCT and psychological reactions to stress and crisis, and (d) offer preliminary suggestions on the application of CCT to the adaptation process in CID and to rehabilitation-related interventions.