Psychophysiological Selection Research Articles

Особливості застосування психофізіологічних профілів операторів безпілотних авіаційних комплексів для професійного відбору

In order to develop new approaches to the psychophysiological selection of operators, 219 male servicemen aged 20 to 40 years old with experience in operating unmanned aerial systems of the first class Light and involved in a wide range of professional tasks were examined. To study their psychophysiological status, modified methods were used using the PFI-2 hardware and software complex. The following indicators were determined: accuracy of reaction to a moving object, strength of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes, simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, orientation in space, and visual memory. To identify a set of informative indicators that can best divide the analyzed group of operators into 3 clusters, a stepwise discriminant analysis was applied. The technique was developed to obtain several psychophysiological profiles of vocational aptitude, equally effective in terms of content. The statistical discrepancy of these profiles has been established. Ways of evaluating the superiority of these profiles have been shown. The principle of “necessary diversity” in the implementation of occupational psychophysiological selection of operators working in conditions with increased danger has been proposed and discussed. A number of advantages of using this principle to increase accuracy and expand the contingent of persons subject to occupational psychophysiological selection have been identified. The technology of graphical presentation of psychophysiological profiles of operators of unmanned aerial complexes was developed for the purpose of assessment of suitability for professional tasks.

Optimization of captain’s safety management

The article is devoted to the maritime safety issues in terms of captain’s management activity. Effective and safe management of captains can be achieved by identifying the importance of considering psychophysiological factors in the selection of seamen personnel, including captains, in conjunction with their managerial qualifications and high level of legal culture (knowledge and real willingness to strictly follow legal prescriptions and regulations), and by using a formal safety assessment method in relation to maritime crew management risks.
 The authors made a conclusion that the causes of accidents are rooted in the conflict between two main components: subjective (behavior – managerial decision) and objective (vessel and situation), in fact, the captain's personality (or behavior) complies with the requirements of the situation or technical condition of the vessel.
 Psychophysiological selection aims to identify abilities and qualities that appropriate professions, accompanied by significant neuropsychological strain, the severity of stressful situations, etc. It appeared that reaction disorder play a decisive role in one-third of all accidents, ergo, psychophysiological selection can reduce maritime casualties by 20-25%. In this respect, the application of the formal safety assessment method in combination with psychophysiological selection in the context of optimizing captain's safety management is proposed. The authors considered the professional selection of captains based on stable psychophysiological states and qualification while assessing the risks via formal safety assessment methodology as a dual basis of the maritime safety.
 The functional dependence of maritime safety on the policy of the shipping companies is defined: a) risk assessment, which allows to connect legal norms of safety directly with actions of the captain as much as possible, based on modelling of a situation; b) personnel activity, carried out on the basis of professional and managerial abilities of captains and taking into account the psychophysiological states; c) the level of legal culture (knowledge and strict adherence to safety rules and regulations) of the captain, who operates within the commercial, social and safety sectors, based on the complex of legal rules and regulations governing these sectors.

Measuring Devices of Non-Invasive Form for the Study of the Psychophysiological State of the Driver of Motor Vehicles

The necessity of psychophysiological selection of a motor vehicle driver is substantiated. Among the types of professional selection, psychophysiological selection has a special place due to the fact that psychophysiological studies make it possible to quickly and objectively measure a large number of psychophysiological properties. Psychophysiological characteristics of a person can be a quantitative measure of professionally important qualities, and have a sufficiently high prognostic value for occupations related to "man—machine" systems. The necessity of using non-invasive measuring devices to determine the degree of reliability of a motor vehicle driver is justified. Analysis of the statistics of road accidents gives reason to believe that the biggest number of accidents is observed on road sections where the drivers experience biggest tense anxiety and mental stress. This confirms that the reliability of the driver’s work is consistent with one of the main laws of psychophysiology: the outcome of the work correlates with mental stress. According to this pattern, there is optimal level of emotional tension of a person, at which he or she performs the work with the greatest efficiency. Exceeding this optimal level, as well as reducing it, is accompanied by deterioration in performance. In psychophysiological studies, the assessment criteria of the impact of various road conditions on the driver are the values of psychophysiological indicators corresponding to the optimal level of emotional stress. Based on this, one can determine the degree of reliability of the driver’s actions. When conducting an experiment to determine the psychophysiological characteristics of the driver, the use of non-invasive measuring devices makes it possible to assess the degree of reliability of the driver. The review of measuring devices for psychophysiological measurements of noninvasive form is given. The article also describes the most popular measuring methods, such as electroencephalography, electrocardiography, electromyography, eye tracking. The principle of operation of each non-invasive measuring methods is considered in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are described. It is proposed to synchronize the measuring devices and use them comprehensively regarding the functional power of universal computing tools for a more accurate assessment of the psychophysiological condition of the driver of the vehicle.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПОДХОД К СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ СИСТЕМЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОТБОРА ВОЕННЫХ ЛЕТЧИКОВ-ИСПЫТАТЕЛЕЙ

The authors review the Russian and foreign concepts of psychophysiological selection (PPS) for test-pilots and ground the psychodiagnostic examination methods for applicants for test-pilots. The methods enable to reasonably well assess applicant's aptitude and by this means to reduce the risk of flights accidents.

КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ЯКІСНОЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ КАДРОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ – ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ВІДБІР У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ

According to the analysis of recent domestic and foreign publications on the professional suitability of military personnel, the current state of the human resources policy implementation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires improvement, focusing on enhancing the efficiency of fulfilling duties corresponding to the military occupational speciality. Therefore, there is no doubt about the importance of improving approaches to the professional psychophysiological selection of military personnel at the moment. It is due to the fact that the Law of Ukraine "On Labor Protection" states that "a person shall be admitted to perform high-risk works and works requiring a professional selection upon a conclusion of a psychophysiological expertise". The conclusion reflects "the person's compliance (non-compliance) with the requirements of specific activities in strenuous and (or) dangerous conditions in terms of professionally important psychophysiological qualities". It should also be mentioned that modern military operations where the personnel perform complex missions with considerable risk in conditions of extreme uncertainty and danger require the military personnel a high intensity of making adequate and prompt decisions characterized by a considerable level of readiness to perform the assigned missions and accompanied by a significant physical and emotional load. Therefore this personnel should undergo a thorough evaluation of professionally important qualities to determine their professional suitability to perform the assigned missions, including in combat conditions. In any high-risk profession, the professional activity is performed due to individuals possessing slightly different psychophysiological and psychological profiles of professionally important qualities. Such service personnel can successfully perform the job of a specific professional activity. Justifying this conclusion is of great importance for the further improvement of professional selection techniques. The authors conducted a study to analyze and justify the hypothesis that there are equipotential profiles of professionally important qualities among individuals with the same level of professional suitability and developed suggestions for improving the professional selection techniques accordingly. The outcome of the study is the justification and development of a new paradigm for the professional selection of military personnel whose work is associated with increased danger. A new element in this paradigm is the statement that there are many equipotential professional profiles providing the basis for the successful professional activity of service personnel with different categories of professional suitability. The authors have formulated and justified the hypothesis that in every profession burdened with hazardous work, there are objectively individuals with the same professional suitability category who have equipotential profiles of professionally important qualities. New technology for developing the criteria of professional suitability of persons whose work is associated with increased danger has been suggested thereby. Using such profiles will allow improving the quality of the professional selection.

Modern Aspects of Psychophysiological Selection of Employees for High-risk Work

In Ukraine, as in the rest of the world, the problem of the impact of occupational hazards and peculiarities of the labor process on higher nervous activity and general health of the working contingent remains relevant. The issue of fitness to work of employees, especially of dangerous, extreme professions is due to the extraordinary financial and economic, medical, social and psychological urgency of the problem. In the aspect of psychological and psychophysiological diagnosis, a large number of methodological approaches have been developed. Thorough psychophysiological diagnosis is the basis for predicting the effectiveness of employees and psychophysiological characteristics of the labor process. Thus, a wide variety of developed methodological approaches in modern conditions allows for effective psychophysiological examination of a particular field of activity of employees involved in high-risk work and opens further prospects for improving the psychophysiological support of professional activities of these persons. There is a need for theoretical substantiation and development of measures to improve the professional psychophysiological selection of industrial employees to perform high-risk work with further implementation and evaluation of medical, social and economic efficiency.

SOCIOECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF WORK ENVIRONMENT AT PRODUCTION SITE

Problem statement. The analysis of accident causes, which can take place both at the production site and within living environment, connected with social, economic and psychological working conditions is carried out in the article. Violation of these conditions can be a reason of equally hard both physical and psychological traumas at work areas in any manufacturing sector. Working conditions, which form during work and during the contact with colleagues at work places are envisaged. Factors, effecting on human activity during work were analyzed. Psychological and physiological limits of working environment are envisaged. The evaluation of the work bench is realized with allowances made for the influence of all factors of manufacturing environment and working process and on the grounds of complex evaluation of working place it is indicated, that one or another work place is relating to specific types of working environment. Main factors of working environment, influencing of human performance capability during working process are described. Psychological and social aspects of the increase of occupational safety level are presented. Recommendations concerning organization of safe behavior of workers during labor are provided. Work place is evaluated taking into consideration the influence of all manufacturing factors and working environment on workers, on the grounds of which one or another work place is related to corresponding type of working conditions. It is shown that to the deduction of the effect of psycho-physiologic safety concerns during working process it is necessary to take into account individual qualities of the worker, such as errors, and also unfavorable accidents, arising from the encounter of human’s qualities with specific aspects of specific professional activity. With the purpose of the improvement of safety and health protection of workers during labor it is necessary to realize professional psycho-physiological selection for wide range of professions. Object. Determine connection between psychological, social and economic aspects and probability of professional injuries or professional disease at work places in manufacturing environment. Conclusion. The analysis of psychological, social and economic bases of occupational safety and the influence on injury rate is carried out.

Principles for selecting, training and maintaining skills for safe work of personnel for mining industry enterprises

Purpose. To reduce the risks of accidents and injuries on the basis of vocational selection of the stuff for work in the mining industry, as well as training and maintaining their skills of safe work. Methodology. To solve the problems considered in the article, the following were used: analysis of information from scientific and technical sources on the influence of psychophysiological factors on occupational injuries; correlation-regression analysis of statistical data on occupational injuries; experimental research on efficiency of miners work in laboratory and mine conditions at various physical activities. Findings. The article substantiates the role and necessity of conducting professional psychophysiological selection procedures for mining workers, monitoring their functional state. The methodology of professional psychophysiological selection procedures, innovative training and behavioral audit is proposed in order to increase the injury protection of workers. Innovative ways of training and maintaining the safe working skills of miners are explored. The role of modern gadgets with installed applications for assessing the severity of physical work in terms of heart rate is investigated. Originality. The novelty of this study is to substantiate a comprehensive approach to the preventive precautions against occupational injuries in the mining industry at the stages of personnel selection, training and further control of the consequences of production activities. Practical value. Principles are developed for selecting, training, and maintaining skills for the safe work of personnel for the mining industry.

Assessment of the predictive capability of the biometric video analytics complex for improving the professional psychophysiological selection of candidates for military educational institutions

At the present stage of development of labor physiology, the issues of scientific substantiation of research methods for the professional suitability of candidates for military specialties and their new instrumentation remain relevant in connection with the increasing requirements of the profession to the psychophysiological capabilities and qualities of employees.The aim of study is to assess the predictive ability of the biometric video analytics system (for example, the “MIX-GT–19” complex) to determine the professional fitness of military personnel.The method of videoculographic recording of responses was used to examine young men aged 17–20 years, classified in different categories of professional aptitude, when answering questions from two types of express questionnaires (adaptation and deviant behavior).A classification of modern systems of biometric video analytics is proposed. The principles of their operation and functionality are described. The prognostic ability of the MIX-GT–19 complex was evaluated by identifying the correlation of its operation with the MLO “Adaptability” method of operation. The results of research conducted using the “MIX-GT–19” complex are presented. The prospects for its further development and application are described.The physiological efficiency of using hardware and software complex (HSC) based on eye-tracker technology for the purposes of professional selection by studying psychophysiological and behavioral responses is established.

Selection of optimal models for forecasting the professional suitability of operators

The necessity of professional selection of candidates for operator professions of electric power enterprises as a key and priority element of safety culture is considered. This is primarily due to the high complexity and responsibility of the operating activities of power plant employees, as evidenced by emergency statistics. It is proposed to select models of initial professional selection of operators on the basis of psychophysiological criteria. The necessity of carrying out psychophysiological research on conformity of the applicant to requirements of a profession of the operator of technological processes in industrial conditions is defined. It is proved that the purpose of professional psychophysiological selection is to determine the level of applicants' ability to learn and predict the effectiveness of the operator's actions in the work environment, including in extreme conditions. Like any system, professional selection is based on a number of principles, adherence to which makes it more reliable and efficient. The following principles are used in the work: the principle of personal approach, which is based on the identification of certain psychological qualities of the individual in combination with the activity. The main component of this principle is also the study of motivation and degree of professional orientation of applicants for the profession. The second applied principle is the principle of suitability, which covers a comprehensive study of personality and its compliance with certain selection criteria.In the course of the research professionally important psychophysiological qualities were established, which allow distinguishing professionally suitable operators from conditionally suitable ones. This, in turn, allows solving the ergonomic problem of increasing the reliability and efficiency of the ergonomic system "man - machine - environment" by increasing the reliability of professional selection of operators and reducing the risk of erroneous actions of personnel in the power industry.

Risk Evaluation of Loss in Professional Efficiency, Health, and Work Safety Using Psychophysiological Factors

Introduction: A transformation in modern production and an increase in workload requires an improvement in the occupational psychophysiological selection, the search for new approaches for its implementation, and the creation of special ways for the evaluation of the psychophysiological state of workers. The aim of this investigation is to develop an approach for the quantitative evaluation of the efficient reduction in risk in worker’s occupational activity, and the probability of health and safety depletion during the entire life period of work. Materials and Methods: The investigation is based on the data of 110 psychophysiological indicators, received from a survey that encompassed the workers of operative service in electric power engineering industry of Ukraine. The data was examined using statistical tools, factor analysis, and multivariate regression models. Results: The developed technique made it possible to determine the statistical significance and to estimate the impact of the important phychophysiological factors on the level of success in the occupational activity of workers under dangerous circumstances. The model includes the variable that describes the age of the worker and provides analysis for 4 categories of ages. Conclusion: The important factors that influence the risk of reduction in occupational efficiency of the workers are variability, the total error, and the number of positive values according to the pendulum methodology; the average reaction time according to the square-circle technique; variability according to the square technique; and adaptability and time of the task performance according to the adaptability methodology. The workers belonging to the same age group do not significantly change the risk of depletion in their occupational efficiency.

Методические подходы к организации проведения профессионального и спортивного психофизиологического отбора

Методические подходы к организации проведения профессионального и спортивного психофизиологического отбора

Aspects of the study of multi-level mechanisms of human adaptation to the extreme conditions of Antarctica

Aim. Study of mechanisms of adaptation of organism functions, including molecular genetic level, to extreme conditions of professional activity in Antarctica. Methods. Survey of Antarctic winterers with clinical, functional, psychological and molecular genetic research methods. Results. The negative dynamics of psychoneurotic symptoms in winterers is established, which dictates the necessity of continuous improvement of the method of medical – psychophysiological selection, the use of additional technologies of examination and training, as well as further research aimed at identifying biomarkers that are sensitive to the impact of a long expedition in extreme conditions in the Antarctic. The allelic polymorphism of the HIF-1α gene affects hypoxic induced changes in the ultrastructure and function of the blood cells, which can serve as a marker for the formation of adaptive reactions. Conclusions.The results of the research indicate that the study of adaptation and dysadaptation mechanisms at all levels of the functioning of the organism, including molecular genetic, is of prime importance in the system of prevention of pathology of Antarctic winterers. The results of research at the Ukrainian Antarctic station can be used in practical medicine and taken into account when formulating proposals to improve the international system of safe human habitation in Antarctica. Keywords: molecular genetic, psychophysiological selection, winterers, Antarctic.

ПЕРЕРОБКА ЗОРОВО-СЛУХОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ РІЗНОГО СТУПЕНЯ СКЛАДНОСТІ У ЛЮДЕЙ З РІЗНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ ОСНОВНИХ НЕРВОВИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ

Intruduction. The presented results are a continuation of multiple proofsabout the insusceptibility of the test of a simple sensory-motor response for tevaluate the properties of the main nervous processesand the recommendations their using in the practical sphere and in particular into the system of professional psycho-physiological selection of specialists of different profiles. Purpose of the article is the study of speed of processing visual - and auditory-motor activity with different degree of complexity in people with different individual-typological properties of the higher parts of the Central nervous system. Methods. Individual differences in speed of sensorimotor response and properties of main nervous processes studied by the method of M. V. Makarenko , with the us ing of a computer system Diagnost-1. Identifying the characteristics was carried out in the program named imposed rhythm. Functional mobility of nervous processes identified using two methods named: the first named feedback and the second - imposed rhythm. Digital arrays are processed by variation statistics the program Statgraphis . Results. It was showed the absence of relationship of the speed of simple sensorimotor reaction of persons with different levels of properties of the basic nervous processes. The speed was the same as the representatives of high and middle and low levelswhich is confirmed by the results of correlation analysis.The connection of the sensory-motor reaction`s speed with individually-typological features of the higher parts of the Central nervous system manifested between them under the terms of presentation and processing of difficult informationdifferentiation of positive and inhibitory signals.More difficult load caused more great connection. That is, the time characteristics were in direct dependence on the individual-typological properties. Conclusion. Taken separately the temporal characteristics of simple sensorimotor reactions cannot be considered as informative criteria for their evaluation.They apparently characterize the existing functional state of the organism, the level of excitability of the Central parts of the appropriate reflex arcs, the speed appearanc ing and flow ing and stopping of the excitation naron s chains . The characteristics of the complex sensorimotor reactionscan be used as additional indicators for the evaluation of individual-typological properties of higher nervous activity, in particular, the level of functional mobility and the strength of the nervous processes. To consider experimentally proved use of regimes feedback and imposed rhythm highly reliable and adequate methodological approaches for revealing individual differences between people on the properties of the main nervous processes Originality. It was found additional evidence of the use of complex cognitive acts as a quantitative criterion for evaluating individual-typological properties.

ПУТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОТБОРА И МОНИТОРИНГА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО ВАЖНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ ОПЕРАТОРОВ

ПУТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОТБОРА И МОНИТОРИНГА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО ВАЖНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ ОПЕРАТОРОВ

ПУТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОТБОРА И МОНИТОРИНГА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО ВАЖНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ, РАБОТАЮЩИХ В УСЛОВИЯХ С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ОПАСНОСТЬЮ

ПУТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОТБОРА И МОНИТОРИНГА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО ВАЖНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ, РАБОТАЮЩИХ В УСЛОВИЯХ С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ОПАСНОСТЬЮ

Автоматизация анализа данных цветопреференциального обследования антарктических зимовщиков

The article describes the main approaches and technical solutions used in the creation of software tools for the analysis of human color preferences. The techniques of testing, are the main functions of the software analysis tools color preferences, the results of his work and the direction of improvement. Methods of evaluation of the results of preferential chromaticity selection to determine psycho-physiological characteristics of man has passed many years of approbation. The methodology applied in practice for the psychophysiological selection of candidates for the Antarctic expedition, for the psychological support of Antarctic winterers, to facilitate the passage of the process of rehabilitation and adaptation of winterers. The technology is based оn the psychophysiology of color perception and opens up new possibilities for diagnostic of psychophysiological human state and ways of assessment and prediction of adaptive rearrangements of psychophysiological functions for professional medical selection. The method creates an individual approach to the use of color and correction of bioregulation disorders that occur as а result of the different levels of stress including large psycho-emotional stress. То automate the analysis of data color preference survey developed а software tool that allows to increase the efficiency of robots experts NASC and eliminate the subjective factor in determining the color preference аnd interpretation of test results. Further development of software tools is aimed at expanding of the range of functions of diagnostics and analysis of psychophysiological state. These functions will focused оn providing of statistical researches, analysis of the characteristics of sequences of color preferences and comparison them with reference models. For presentation of the results we plan to use graphs, charts and diagrams built automatically in accordance with the criteria defined bу the experts.

Professional risk assessment during performing official duties of station dis-patchers on prydniprovsk railway

Purpose. To substantiate the importance of psychophysiological selection for the traffic safety prevention, increase of the human factor reliability on the basis of erroneous actions analysis of the Prydniprovsk railway workers of operator type and literature data. Methodology. Studies have been conducted among operation personnel (station dispatchers) (n = 62), 32 − women, 30 − men. The method of social survey, psychological techniques using the personal, «NPN-A» (neuropsychic instability − accentuations), individual and typological questionnaire were used. Findings. Typical mistakes of Prydniprovsk railway workers of operator type were analyzed. It was found out that a large group of errors is connected with the failure of staff job descriptions and requirements of labor protection instructions, negligence and carelessness, irresponsible attitude to their duties, inadequate personnel training. Originality. The necessity of new approaches development to the systematic analysis on a quantitative basis of management and assessment of the human factor reliability, which can be provided by professional psychophysiological selection of persons related to traffic safety was grounded. Practical value. The obtained results can be the basis for the development of new methods of physiological investigations concerning occupational selection of railway workers of leading professions. It would accurately predict the performance and reliability of the operators and would provide an opportunity to identify contraindications to the professional activity.

ІнформАційнА технологіЯ психОфізіОлОгічнОгО відборУ кандидатіВ нА контрактнУ слУжбУ

The list of problems that must be solved by the complex for psychophysiological selection has defined. Description of testing technology has conducted. Composition of test complex and list of test methods has defined

Profession-relevant skills development using psychophysiological trainer

Modern approach to solving transport safety problem requires not only technology improvement and infrastructure development; it calls for special attention to human factor causing up to 80% transport accidents. Both domestic and foreign experience in professional training allows one to claim the following. Driving safety violation is often conditioned by individual psychophysiological abilities not trained when acquiring driving skills using trainer-simulators. Therefore, an efficient direction in transport accidents' prevention are, in fact, professional psychophysiological selection and design of special-purpose psychophysiological trainers. These trainers should develop profession-relevant attributes concerning attention and memory, as well as improve stability of perception in difficult situations.