Psychomotor Status Research Articles

Features of neurological and psychomotoral development of premature children born by IVF and naturally

Introduction.The use of in vitro fertilization methods plays an important role in overcoming the childlessness of families, but they must be combined with the success of nursing premature newborns to increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies. Children with very or extremely low body weight are at risk of increased rates of infant mortality and disability. The study of the state of health and the analysis of the psychomotor/neurological status of such children is extremely important due to the study of the possibilities of reducing the frequency of negative outcomes.Aim.A study during the first 3 years of neurological/psychomotor development in premature infants diagnosed with extremely low/very low body weight, born as a result of in vitro fertilization and naturally.Materials and methods.Studies of neurological/psychomotor development in premature infants have been carried out. The study included 189 infants diagnosed with prematurity at birth. The studies were carried out on the basis of the intensive care unit and the department of prematurity and neonatal pathology at the Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital (Ufa). Then, for 3 years, regular observation was carried out in the follow-up room in the same institution. Dynamic assessment of neurological and psychomotor status was performed using the Clinical Adaptive Test and Clinical linguistic and auditory milestone scales, as well as Gross Motor testing.Results and discussion. It was found that the incidence of neurological morbidity related to developmental delay is significantly higher in children born as a result of in vitro fertilization than in those conceived naturally. Thus, the number of children lagging behind in speech development at the age of up to 1 year is 59.1/59.6 and 52.1/52.3% when diagnosed with very low and extremely low body weight.Conclusion.The dynamics of the average coefficient of speech development in children conceived artificially did not reach (less than 75) normal values by the age of 3, and in the control group, the coefficient of speech development was normalized. There is no significant difference between very low and extremely low body weight children.

Effect of Graded Early Mobilization on Psychomotor Status and Length of Intensive Care Unit Stay in Mechanically Ventilated Patients.

IntroductionThe main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of graded early mobilization on psychomotor status and duration of ICU stay of patients with mechanical ventilation.Materials and methodsDesignQuasi-experimental study.SettingBRB Hospitals Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A reputed 500-beddedgeneral hospital with 30 ICU beds.ParticipantsA total of 30 patients were selected as participants in the study from the hospital. 15 patients were included in the ICU treatment group and the remaining 15 were in the intervention group using the purposive sampling method.Scales usedFunctional independence measure (FIM) scale and 7 point generalized anxiety depression (GAD-7) scale.InterventionGraded early mobilization was provided as an intervention to all participants of the intervention group by a professionally qualified ICU physiotherapist for 10 sessions. Most of the patients received multiple sessions of intervention within a day.ResultsIn the control group mean FIM score was 17.40 (SD±4.88), and in the intervention group mean score was 65.70 (SD±12.18). The mean difference was statistically significant in the ‘t’ test (p-value > 0.001). In the control group, the mean GAD-7 score was 19.50 (SD±2.71), and in the intervention group the mean GAD-7 score was 7.5 (SD±2.59). The mean difference was statistically significant in the ‘t’ test. (p-value > 0.001). The mean length of ICU stay in the control group was 5.60 (SD±1.07) and in the intervention group it was 3.10 (SD±0.56). The mean difference was statistically significant in the ‘t’ test (p-value > 0.001).ConclusionThis research showed that graded early mobilization was highly effective to improve the motor and psychological status of mechanically ventilated patients and reduce their length of ICU stay.How to cite this articleDas B, Saha S, Kabir F, Hossain S. Effect of Graded Early Mobilization on Psychomotor Status and Length of Intensive Care Unit Stay in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(4):416–420.

Effect of Graded Early Mobilization on Psychomotor Status and Length of Intensive Care Unit Stay in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Effect of Graded Early Mobilization on Psychomotor Status and Length of Intensive Care Unit Stay in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Corpus callosotomy for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a review of 16 pediatric cases in northern Vietnam.

The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative seizure outcome in children with drug-resistant epilepsy not eligible for focal resection who underwent corpus callosotomy. The study included 16 patients undergoing corpus callosotomy between September 2015 and May 2018. Seizure semiology and frequency, psychomotor status, and video electroencephalography and imaging findings were evaluated for all patients. Of the 16 patients who underwent callosotomy during the study period, 11 underwent complete callosotomy and 5 underwent anterior only. Seizure improvement greater than 75% was achieved in 37.5% of patients, and another 50% of patients had seizure improvement of 50%-75%. No sustained neurological deficits were observed in these patients. There were no significant complications. Duration of postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 44 months. Corpus callosotomy is an effective treatment for selected patients with drug-resistant epilepsy not eligible for focal resection in resource-limited settings. Fostering and developing international epilepsy surgery centers should remain a high priority for the neurosurgical community at large.

INDICATORS OF NERVO-PSYCHIC DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMOTOR STATUS IN NEWBORNS IN THE LATE NEONATAL PERIOD

In age-related physiology and pediatrics, there is a need to study the indicators of physical and neuropsychic development at various stages of ontogenesis. In order to develop innovative forecasting methods and timely correction of reversible disorders of the central nervous system, the constitutional approach is of particular importance. In this work, we applied the concept of typological variability of physiological personality (V. Kolpakov et al.) To study spontaneous motor activity and establish individual typological characteristics of psychomotor status in newborns. The study confirmed that the indicators of the psychomotor status of newborns directly correlate with the level of their spontaneous motor activity, therefore this individual typological symptom must be taken into account when developing complex diagnostic algorithms for effective monitoring of transitional states.

Peculiarities of physiological fitness of differently skilled football referees

The goal: comparative analysis of psycho-physiological fitness of football players and differently skilled football referees. Research materials and methods. We studied indicators of psychomotor status, the level of development of speed and volitional qualities, subject-activity and communicative aspects of temperament of 15 football players aged 19-21, with the experience of sport training from 10 to 13 years, and 25 football referees of the first rank aged 25-32, with the experience of refereeing from 5 to 9 years. We compared the outcomes to identify the trend of convergence of the level of studied indicators. Research results and discussion. The study has demonstrated that about 50% of all subjects have a medium-weak type of nervous system, but there are referees with a strong type (16%). We have revealed that football players and referees have no significant difference in the period of implementation of the audio-motor reaction. Visio-motor reaction of football players is 16.44 ± 0.45 msec, which is faster than the reaction of referees by 10.6% (p <0.05). Repeated sprint ability of referees and players was not significantly different, average indicator at 40 m intervals was 5.63 sec. for referees and 5.25 sec. for players. Football referees demonstrate a very high work pace - 10.3 ± 0.32 c.u., life pace, activity, high rhythm of operations. Emotional background of players at work and in social communication was 6.0±0,59 c.u. and of 6.80 c.u. respectively, and it was twice higher than the indicators of referees (p< 0.001). Vitality indicators were the same for both groups. Conclusion. Modern football requires that a referee should obtain a new, higher level of physical and psychological training. Most of the quantitative indicators of the studied parameters of players and referees did not have significant difference, while the moral-volitional and emotional components differed significantly.

Stabilometrijska istraživanja kretno-funkcionalnog stanja dece za sportsku selekciju u stonom tenisu u savremenim uslovima

Modern sport is characterized by rapid growth of records and achievements, and related significant intensification of training and competitive loads requires a scientifically grounded search for talented young people, who can cope with heavy sports loads, high rates of sports development and sports achievements. At the same time, search and selection of talented children for sports to begin their sports development should be based on scientific achievements in the field of pedagogy, psychology, physiology, sports training and other special subjects which give an appropriate idea about specifics of the status and development of the organism, its functional and movement capabilities. Exploring the problems of today's youth, and the origins of table tennis, we can state that at the present stage table tennis can be an effective means of physical education of the younger generation of the Republic of Moldova, not only for sports development but also for the education of the socially and morally healthy young people. Sports practice of athlete's development requires knowledge and records of indicators of their present and prospective physical, functional and psychomotor status, which dynamics and forecast allow planning athletic performance. The material for publication provides research findings on stabilometrical studies of functional movement status of children participating in sports selection for table tennis. At the same time, stabilometric criteria of children selection for table tennis serve an effective assessment of their physical condition, based on their previous movement experiences. Applied stabilometrical tests for studying and assessing the functional movement skills are quite adequate to the due age development of the explored children and they allow to perform efficient sports selection at a high level. Applying these tests in the process of sports selection of children for table tennis will allow us to identify often outwardly hidden visual, hearing, proprioceptive, and vestibular distortions and necessary psychomotor status allowing to control their own motor actions.

Functional diagnosis and education of children with disabilities

Extremely complex process that requires the cooperation of a large number of experts and establishing the state, form and degree of psychomotor disorders in individuals is the system of functional diagnostics. Based on such determined psychomotor status of the actual program and determine the methods, means and methods in education for each child individually. The objective of determining the status of a child with psychomotor retardation is maximum stimulation of its remaining capacity and its full inclusion in the school environment, and support the system of inclusive education for children with disabilities. This paper tries to show how functional diagnostics has a stake in helping to direct the children with disabilities in suitable institutions or to the corresponding forms of support for these children.

Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus, a Semiological Oriented Review.

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) defines a prolonged electrographic seizure activity resulting in nonconvulsive symptoms. Semiology is a crucial element in diagnosis, etiological evaluation, and treatment plan of NCSE. It includes mostly generalized myoclonic status (GMS), focal simple motor status (FSMS), and dyscognitive status (DS). This review aims to guide clinicians in diagnosis, etiological evaluation, and treatment of patients with NCSE based on semiological presentation. Diagnosis of GMS and FSMS is based mainly on semiology, whereas DS often requires EEG for differential diagnosis with nonepileptic events. GMS and FSMS etiological investigation may be readily prioritized based on semiological type, whereas DS requires EEG for further classification in psychomotor status and absence status. Choice of appropriate treatment is dictated by the semiological presentation, EEG findings, and etiology. Surgery and other interventions including electroconvulsive therapy and vagal nerve stimulation should be considered in patients refractory to medical treatment.

Psychomotor Performance Monitoring System in the Context of Fatigue and Accident Prevention

Perfecting modern design of technical objects highlights the long-known truth that the human is the most unreliable link in the human-technical object system. However, this is a superficial finding not taking into account the root cause of human error – non-ergonomic working conditions. The desire to improve this situation by increasingly including ergonomic requirements, such as in the design of equipment interfaces, brings significant results. Suitable reduction of fatigue of varying nature, in many cases leads to a reduction in the number of errors among equipment operators. The system model assumes the possibility of a verification of psychomotor status in the workplace directly on the job, not relying on the test results to resume work and only allowing the diagnosis of an undesirable condition. The model is based on, among others, Fitts’ Law. The testing software is a form of web application. Each user has an account on which the results are collected and form the basis for drawing conclusions about the state of fatigue. It is necessary therefore to assume that for dedicated positions there is no risk of distraction by the need for an additional device. Time spent on the task cannot be reduced by the tasks resulting from work. The paradigmatic example of the application of this method can be demonstrated in a study of urban transport vehicles before leaving the initial stop. A study of psychomotor skills can be used as an alternative to the fairly common in some countries testing of alcohol content in exhaled air. There are also breathalyzers integrated in such a way with control of the vehicle, that it is only after the verification of sobriety that one can start the vehicle. There are also no reasons that this check cannot warrant a short psychomotor test.

Kinect Xbox 360 as a therapeutic modality for children with cerebral palsy in a school environment: A preliminary study

Limited evidence is available about the effectiveness of virtual reality using low cost commercial consoles for children with developmental delay. The aim of this preliminary study is to evaluate the usefulness of a videogame system based on non-immersive virtual reality technology (Xbox 360 KinectTM) to support conventional rehabilitation treatment of children with cerebral palsy. Secondarily, to objectify changes in psychomotor status of children with cerebral palsy after receiving rehabilitation treatment in addition with this last generation game console. 11 children with cerebral palsy were included the study. A baseline, a post-treatment and a follow-up assessment were performed related to motor and the process skills, balance, gait speed, running and jumping and fine and manual finger dexterity. All the participants completed 8 weeks of videogame treatment, added to their conventional physiotherapy treatment, with Xbox 360 Kinect™ (Microsoft) game console. The Friedman test showed significant differences among the three assessments for each variable: GMFM (p = 0.001), AMPS motor (p = 0.001), AMPS process (p = 0.010), PRT (p = 0.005) and 10 MW (p = 0.029). Wilcoxon test showed significant statistically differences pre and post-treatment, in all the values. Similarly, results revealed significant differences between basal and follow-up assessment. There were not statistical differences between post-treatment and follow-up evaluation, indicating a long-term maintenance of the improvements achieved after treatment. Low cost video games based on motion capture are potential tools in the rehabilitation context in children with CP. Our Kinect Xbox 360 protocol has showed improvements in balance and ADL in CP participants in a school environment, but further studies are need to validate the potential benefits of these video game systems as a supplement for rehabilitation of children with CP.

Withdrawal versus continuation of chronic antipsychotic drugs for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia

Withdrawal versus continuation of chronic antipsychotic drugs for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia

Psychomotor Development in Pre-School with Visual Deficiency

Vision is a key for development, since it is animportant source of external reality, helping on spatial orientation. Congenital vision deficiency has been associated with developmental delay. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to describe the psychomotor and functional status of a sample of pre-school children with visual disorder. Children from a visual deficient school were invited to participate, and DENVER II and PEDI were the instruments used. Of the 14 children evaluated, only one had a complete normal DENVER II test on three of its four domains (fine motor-adaptive, language and gross motor abilities), and half had inadequate functional self-care according to PEDI. Visual deficiency interferes with child’s psychomotor development, but functional status might not be proportionally affected.

FEATURES OF THE PSYCHOMOTOR STATUS OF PERSONS IN GROUPS WITH VARIOUS LEVEL OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION

In the present article application of a psychomotor identification method is justified - as the most sensitive to the slightest dynamic changes in psychofunctional condition of a person and as independent taxonomic unit of human personality in its integrative expression. On a comparative example of 4 groups of examinees of the various socially-directed importance, connection of their psychomotor status with their social adaptedness in the environment (success or not success) is detected. It is found out that athletes in playing sports have advantage against representatives of other groups, and even before representatives of combat sports in aspect of social adaptation - presence of communicative-reflective aspect influencing formation of such mechanisms as "identification", "empathy", ''prediction'', «mutual aid and interchangeability». And it leads to early education of collective solidarity not only on a game field, but also in any real life situation. The statistical analysis has allowed to allocate "border zones" of a social optimum which serve as a reference point for purposeful psychocorrectional work with "a weak link" in aspect of self-control and selfchecking of the individual and the person.

Postictal hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces

Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces (HFUF) is a rare disorder in which unfamiliar people or faces appear familiar. Three young adults were admitted for acute symptomatic secondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures (two) and psychomotor status (one). During the days following the seizures the patients continuously experienced a strong familiarity for unknown people, including other patients, visitors, and hospital staff. This disorder disappeared gradually, lasting a mean of 13 days. Brain MRI showed left amygdalohippocampal lesions, suggesting the etiology of encephalitis in two patients and multiple “active” demyelinating lesions in one patient. Interictal and ictal EEG findings showed left temporal epileptiform abnormalities. Two patients had a transitory defect of verbal memory. HFUF is a newly defined postictal symptom, more likely to arise from left temporal epileptic discharges. In our cases it was associated with acute lesions of the temporal areas, suggesting that its occurrence may also imply a structural etiology of epilepsy.

Neurological, Cognitive, and Behavioural Outcome of Higher Order Multiple Births

The purpose of this study was to assess the neurodevelopmental outcome in a larger cohort of higher order multiple births (HOM). To accomplish this, we analysed the perinatal records of 90 HOM from 28 pregnancies (69 triplets, 16 quadruplets and 5 quintuplets) born at the University Hospital Kiel during the period from 1980 to 1994. Sixty-eight out of 79 surviving children (87.2%) were re-examined at a median age of 7.8 years (range: 3 to 14.5 years). Re-examination included assessment of the neurological, psychomotor (Denver developmental scale, Columbia mental maturity scale), and behavioural (childhood behaviour checklist) status. Perinatal mortality was 12%. In 62% of subjects, neurological and cognitive status at follow-up were completely normal; 32% revealed minor and 6% major neurodevelopmental deficits. Comparison between VLBW and LBW HOM disclosed significantly more neurological deficits, lower IQs and more behaviour problems in children with VLBW. Especially social problems, attention deficit, anxiety and depression symptoms were more frequent in the VLBW HOM than in the LBW HOM group. VLBW HOM parents felt significantly more stressed and VLBW HOM mothers reported reduced coping skills. These findings suggest that the overall cognitive and neurological outcome of HOM surviving the neonatal period is good, but that minor neurocognitive deficits are frequent. LBW HOM have less neurological and behaviour problems than VLBW HOM.

KURZER ERFAHRUNGSBERICHT ÜBER DIE WIRKSAMKEIT DES ANTIKONVULSIVUMS Ro 5-4023 (CLONAZEPAM) AUF VERSCHIEDENE EPILEPSIEFORMEN

During the last 2 years 37 infants, children and adolescents exhibiting various types of epileptic seizures were treated with clonazepam (Ro 5-4023). The average dosage was about 0.3 mg/kg for infants and about 0.15 to 0.2 mg/kg for the children and adolescents. The initial dose was 1/2 mg/day. Every third day thereafter the dosage was increased by the same amount. For various reasons clonazepam was administered in combination with other anti-convulsants such as barbiturates, phenytoins or hormones in two thirds of the cases. The effect of the drug was evaluated for anti-convulsive effect, convulsion frequency, and psychomotor status. Clonazepam was administered to a group of 4 male infants ranging in age from 4 to 6 months all of them exhibiting infantile spasms. In 2 of the infants seizures were completely eliminated, the EEG patterns were normalized and fair psychomotor progress was observed. Ten patients with Lennox-syndrome (8 boys and 2 girls from 1.9–6.3 years) were treated with clonazepam. There was a total remission of seizures in 2 boys, a fair amelioration in 4. Petit mal seizures were eliminated during treatment in 3 children (2 girls and 1 boy). Convulsions were eliminated in 2 of 3 boys exhibiting focal seizures, and in 3 children from a group of 7 exhibiting mixed seizures (grand mal and petit mal). Clonazepam was administered to 5 children complaining of headaches, vertigo etc. None exhibited convulsions but more or less pronounced spiking activity was observed with all of them. EEG patterns were normalized in 3 of the children, and 2 stopped complaining about their symptoms (placebo effect?). The therapeutic effects are comparable to those produced by nitrazepam (Mogadon®). Also the side effects of clonazepam (hypersalivation, drowsiness etc.) are about the same as those of nitrazepam. In rare cases the children became so drowsy that the treatment had to be terminated. We frequently observed tachycardia lasting 10 to 20 minutes when intravenous injections were administered to treat status. No side effects were observed regarding blood count, serum, and urine status.

In the Italian population sexual dimorphism affects pre-natal thyroid migration but not biochemical severity of gland ectopia and pre-natal bone maturation

The aim of the present study was to retrospectively re-evaluate a population of selected infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), in order to investigate whether sexual dimorphism affects: a) CH etiology; b) its biochemical severity at the time of screening and recall; c) patients' biochemical response to replacement treatment during the 1st yr of life; d) their bone maturation (BM) at birth; e) their psychomotor status at 1 yr. This retrospective study covers 192 infants (116 females) with persistent CH who were selected from a larger population of CH patients identified during a 10-yr period (1990-1999) by the screening programs of 5 northern, central, and southern regions of Italy. Thirty boys (39.5%) and 66 girls (56.9%) were found to have ectopia, whereas the remaining 46 boys and 50 girls exhibited the other causes of CH. When compared with the prevalence of the remaining causes that of ectopia was significantly higher in girls than in boys (66/116 vs 30/76; chi2=5.57, p<0.025), and sex ratio in ectopia was significantly different also compared with the orthotopic gland group only (66/84 vs 30/51; chi2=6.02, p<0.025). No differences between males and females were detected in the groups with either athyreosis or orthotopic gland. In no groups were there differences between sexes for gestational age, birth auxological data, percentage of newborns with bone retardation or developmental quotient at 1 yr. Thyroid tests at birth, age at TSH normalization and average thyroid tests under L-T4 treatment during the 1st yr did not differ between sexes in any of the groups. a) in the Italian population sexual dimorphism affects pre-natal thyroid migration but neither biochemical severity of ectopia, nor pre-natal bone maturation and psychomotor development; b) girls with CH do not require higher doses of initial therapy in order to achieve TSH normalization; c) future developmental and molecular studies on ectopia etiology in CH need to take into account the effect of sexual dimorphism.

Pathogenetic aspects of erectile dysfunction in patients with the metabolic syndrome

Background Although it is well known that the metabolic syndrome is a common cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) the pathogenesis of the latter in this group of patients is poorly understood. The present study aimed to improve our knowledge in this area. Methods The study included 385 men with ED (control group) who underwent a full evaluation, including laboratory and ultrasound assessment of endothelial function. Results The full complex evaluation showed that arteriogenic impairment in the cavernosal circulation was the primary pathogenic factor for ED in patients with the metabolic syndrome. The ultrasound-assisted measurement of postocclusive changes in the diameter of the cavernosal arteries, which reflects the local endothelial function, was the most valuable method in the diagnosis of this form of ED. In addition, a considerable number of patients with the metabolic syndrome demonstrated both hormonal and neurological disorders which also contribute to the pathogenesis of ED in this cohort of men. Conclusion The pathogenesis of ED in patients with the metabolic syndrome is multifactorial in nature: ED is primarily caused by arteriogenic disorders which are combined with neuropathic disorders in almost every second patient and with hormonal factors in every third one. In addition, psychomotor status has an impact on the development of ED in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Evaluation of the management of arachnoid cyst of the posterior fossa in pediatric population: experience over 27 years

The necessity of surgical treatment of the arachnoid cyst in general and posterior fossa arachnoid cyst (PFAC) in particular is sometimes controversial. Surgery is warranted in symptomatic patients. In this study, we evaluated our experience throughout 27 years in the management of patients with PFAC. The study was designed with special emphasis on clinical features, surgery, and outcome. We investigated a total of 112 arachnoid cysts. Of them, 23 patients were symptomatic for PFAC. We assessed clinical characteristic and outcome for all patients. We obtained information from medical records and outpatient charts on age, sex, presenting symptoms, associated abnormalities, psychomotor status, modality of treatment, complications and follow-up in 23 patients (9 boys, 14 girls, ages 1 day-6 years) who had been admitted for evaluation and treatment of PFAC at Kobe Children's Hospital between 1978 and 2004. The mean follow-up period was 93 months (range 5-313 months). More than half of the patients had a history of increased head size and signs of intracranial pressure as presenting symptoms. One-third of the patients had associated abnormalities and six patients (26%) presented hydrocephalus. Computed tomography cisternography displayed delayed filling of the cyst in 11 patients (48%). All patients were treated surgically; the total number of surgical procedures was 55 with a surgical rate of 2.4 per patients. The marsupialization and marsupialization with cyst-peritoneal (C-P) shunt were the most common open surgical procedure in 14 and 5 patients, respectively. Endoscopic cysternostomy was performed in three patients. In our series, 25 (45%) of 55 surgical procedures included shunt malfunction and removal. The marsupialization of the cyst wall was successful in 9 of 14 operated patients (64%); the other five patients needed additional C-P or ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt. Marsupialization with cyst-peritoneal shunt was successful in only one of five patients (20%), and for the other four patients, additional C-P or V-P shunt was necessary. No mortality is reported. Eight patients presented minor surgical morbidities that were resolved conservatively. The relatively good results using marsupialization or endoscopic cisternostomy as surgical procedure and the high incidence of shunt malfunction buttresses our use of both operations as a first-line surgery at present. Surgical procedure that does not include shunting decreases the ratio of recurrent operation because this kind of complication develops over time and should be consider as a second-line procedure.